Reproductive System

Mitosis

chromosomes duplicate and divide, producing 2 daughter cells, each with 23 pairs of chromosomes (diploid)

Meiosis II

completed meiosis II produces a mature ovum with 23 chromosomes (haploid) and a haploid polar body

Meiosis I

daughter cell produced from mitosis (primary spermatocyte containing 46 individual chromosomes) divides to produce 2 daughter cells (secondary spermatocytes) each containing 23 individual chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatids

Secondary spermatocyte

daughter cells produced from primary spermatocyte at the end of meiosis I (contain 23 chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of duplicate chromatids)

Spermatids

daughter cells produced from secondary spermatocytes at the end of meiosis II (each contains 23 chromosomes)

Meiosis I

primary oocytes remain in this phase of meiosis I until puberty

Meiosis II

secondary oocytes (containing 23 chromosomes, each with a pair of chromatids) produced from meiosis I prepare to divide, but the process halts at metaphase

Epididymis

site of sperm maturation

Spermatogenesis

sperm production

Spermiogenesis

spermatids mature to spermatozoa

Meiosis II

2 secondary spermatocytes, produced from meiosis I, divide to produce 4 spermatids with each containing 23 chromosomes

Urethra

Conducts semen to the exterior

Ductus Deferens

Conducts sperm between the epididymis and prostate gland

Female Gamete: ____ Male Gamete: ____

Oocyte, Androgens

Seminal Glands

Secrete fluid that makes up much of the volume of semen

Bulbo-Urethral Glands

Secrete fluids that lubricate the tip of the penis

Prostate Gland

Secretes fluid and enzymes

Meiosis I

at puberty, FSH levels rise and each month thereafter some of the primary oocytes are stimulated to complete this phase

Meiosis I

at the end of this phase, each primary oocyte divided to produce 1 secondary oocyte and 1 polar body (non-functional cell that will eventually disintegrate)

Meiosis I

during fetal development (months 3-7), the primary oocyte prepares to divide (meiosis I) but only gets as far as prophase (PMAT)

Meiosis II

each month ( after the ovarian cycle begins), one or more secondary oocytes leaves the ovary

4

each primary spermatocyte, that enters meiosis, produces _ spermatids

Meiosis II

if the secondary oocyte becomes fertilized, meiosis II will then be completed

Spermatozoa/spermatozoon

male gametes (sex cells)

Mitosis

of the resulting daughter cells; 1 remains as an oogonia, the other becomes a primary oocyte with 23 pairs of chromosomes (diploid)

Mitosis

one daughter cell remains a stem cell for future mitotic division, the other enters meiosis (cell division involved in gamete production)

Primary spermatocyte

one of the two daughter cells that results from the division of a diploid spermatogonium during mitosis (the other daughter cell remains a stem cell)

Mitosis

oogonia (stem cells) complete their mitotic divisions before birth, during female fetal development

Mitosis

starts with a stem cell containing 23 pairs of chromosomes

Spermatogonia

stem cells (in seminiferous tubules) that divide to produce spermatozoa during spermatogenesis

Spermiogenesis

the differentiation of immature male gametes into physically mature spermatozoa