Res 110 Final Study Guide

Which of the following is included in the purposes of Telehealth?

Provide health information and health-related services care across distance. Feedback: Telehealth (previously known as telemedicine) involves the use of telecommunications to provide health information and health-related services care across distance. Telehealth has recently reemerged as a potentially effective way to address diverse problems in modern healthcare by increasing the quality, accessibility, utilization, efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare, with the added advantage of cost reduction. Telehealth can allow for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, triage, consultation, and follow-up of patients without travel.

E-Medicine can be a component of which of the following? 1. Treatment for tobacco use and dependence 2. Public access to health education materials 3. Determination of fault in law suits

1 and 2 only Feedback: E-Medicine, including phone-based applications, provides exciting new components of treatment for tobacco use and dependence. E-Medicine applications offer unique public access to health education materials through the use of a variety of interactive tools such as websites, videos and graphics, chat rooms, e-mail, games, social media, and so on, through any web-enabled device.

Nonverbal communication includes which of the following? 1. Gesture 2. Touch 3. Voice tone 4. Space

1, 2, 3, and 4

The AARC Code of Ethics holds professionals to which of following principles? 1. Actively maintaining and improving one's competence 2. Following sound scientific procedures and ethical principles in research 3. Promoting disease prevention and wellness 4. Respecting and protecting the rights of patients they treat

1, 2, 3, and 4 Feedback: The current code appears in Box 5-1.

Which of the following are true about fires in oxygen (O2)-enriched atmospheres? 1. They are more difficult to put out. 2. They burn more quickly. 3. They burn more intensely.

1, 2, and 3 Feedback: Fires in O2-enriched atmospheres are larger, more intense, faster burning, and more difficult to extinguish.

Which of the following conditions must be met for a fire to occur? 1. Temperature high enough for combustion 2. Presence of O2 3. Presence of flammable material

1, 2, and 3 Feedback: For a fire to start, three conditions must exist: (1) flammable material must be present, (2) O2 must be present, and (3) the flammable material must be heated to or above its ignition temperature.

Which of the following are potential areas of risk to patients receiving respiratory care? 1. Movement and ambulation 2. Electrical hazards 3. Fire hazards

1, 2, and 3 Feedback: The key areas of potential risk for patients, RTs, and coworkers are patient movement and ambulation, electrical hazards, fire hazards, and general safety concerns.

A physician specifies an incorrect dose in a prescription for a powerful bronchodilator drug to be given to an asthmatic patient. When the respiratory therapist gives the prescribed dose, the patient suffers a fatal response and dies. Based on the principle of duty, against whom could a suit of negligence be brought? 1. Respiratory therapist 2. Attending physician 3. Dispensing pharmacist

1, 2, and 3 Feedback: The suit could be brought against the physician for negligence for ordering the overdose, against the nurses and the respiratory therapist for failing to recognize that the dose was incorrect for the child, and, possibly, against the pharmacist for failing to gain adequate information as to the nature of the patient so that an appropriate dosage could be calculated.

Which of the following are methods of quality improvement? 1. Plan-do-study-act cycle 2. Six sigma 3. Lean management 4. Competence

1, 2, and 3 only Feedback: The PDSA can be seen visualized as the wheels of the car that is continuous quality improvement. Developed by the American telecommunications company Motorola, the Six Sigma method for quality improvement recognizes that there is a natural variation in process output that can be measured and monitored over time. Lean management uses tools similar to those in PDSA and Six Sigma, with emphasis on waste elimination. Competence is the quality of being competent, can be defined as having suitable or sufficient skill, knowledge, and experience for the purposes of a specific task.

Which of the following techniques can be used to improve one's listening skills? 1. Resist distractions. 2. Maintain composure and control emotions. 3. Keep an open mind (be objective). 4. Judge the sender's delivery, not the content.

1, 2, and 3 only Feedback: The content of what is being said is the issue to focus on. How it is delivered is not that important. Some people are more articulate than others, but the message is most important.

Which of the following are methods for communicating empathy to your patients? 1. Use of touch 2. Use of key words 3. Use of eye contact 4. Use of the authority

1, 2, and 3 only Feedback: The use of touch and proper eye contact can demonstrate genuine concern for your patient. Key words and phrases such as "I understand" can let the patient know you are listening and interested.

Describe 3 elements of good communication with patients.

1. Maintain eye contact. 2. Do not stand over them, talk to them at their level. 3. practice empathy

What does AND stand for?

Allow Natural Death

Which ethical principle obliges a respiratory therapist to uphold a patient's right to refuse a treatment?

Autonomy Feedback: Under the principle of autonomy, a respiratory therapist's use of deceit or coercion to get a patient to reverse the decision to refuse a treatment is considered unethical.

You are the respiratory therapist working in a skilled nursing facility. The doctor asks you to take an x-ray of a patient. You have seen this done before, and think you can figure it out. Why should you not perform this task?

Because this procedure is not within your scope of practice

A health professional who withholds the truth from a patient, saying it is for his or her own good, is engaged in what practice?

Benevolent deception Feedback: Problems with the veracity principle revolve around issues such as benevolent deception.

What does CPG stand for?

C clinical P practice G guidelines

What federal agency oversees the Medicare program?

CMS Feedback: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). CMS is a federal agency established in 1965 to oversee the Medicare program and works in partnership with state governments to administer Medicaid, Children's Health Insurance Program, and health insurance portability standards.

For which of the following is there the most interest in using E-medicine technologies to improve health outcomes in a cost-effective manner?

Chronic disease management Feedback: There is much interest in optimizing chronic disease management through advances in E-medicine technologies such as Telehealth to improve health outcomes in a cost-effective manner and be able to reach a large number of individuals.

Today, respiratory care educational programs in the United States are accredited by what organization?

Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) Feedback: Today, respiratory care educational programs in the United States are accredited by the CoARC.

In the standard approach to hospital fires, the RACE plan has been suggested. What does the letter "C" stand for in this approach?

Contain Feedback: The third step is to contain the fire as much as possible by closing doors and turning O2 zone valves off.

A physician who participates in active euthanasia is committing what type of malpractice?

Criminal Feedback: Criminal malpractice includes crimes such as assault and battery or euthanasia (handled in criminal court).

Telemedicine has proved useful in facilitating the patient's participation in computer-based in what area of medicine?

Disease Management Feedback: Also, telemedicine has proved useful in facilitating the patient's participation in computer-based disease management programs. In particular, selected telemedicine applications have been created that bundle patient education, disease management, interactive communication, and other features.

The moral basis for rationing health care services falls under what ethical principle?

Distributive justice Feedback: The principle of justice involves the fair distribution of care.

Who is considered to be the "father of medicine"?

Hippocrates Feedback: The foundation of modern Western medicine was laid in ancient Greece with the development of the Hippocratic Corpus. This collection of ancient medical writings is attributed to the "father of medicine," Hippocrates, a Greek physician who lived during the fifth and fourth centuries BC.

What entity is responsible for approving experimental procedures prior to collecting data?

IRB Feedback: A description of the experimental protocol should be approved by the hospital's institutional review board (IRB). If the study involves humans or animals, state that IRB approval was received prior to collecting data (as is required). A description of the experimental procedure should include the actual steps involved in gathering the data and the time elapsed during each phase of the experiment.

What was the name of the first professional organization for the field of respiratory care?

Inhalation Therapy Association Feedback: Founded in 1947 in Chicago, the Inhalational Therapy Association (ITA) was the first professional association for the field of respiratory care.

Who is credited with first describing the law of partial pressures for a gas mixture?

John Dalton Feedback: John Dalton described his law of partial pressures for a gas mixture in 1801 and his atomic theory in 1808.

What term is used to describe the process in which a government agency gives an individual permission to practice an occupation?

Licensure Feedback: Licensing of RTs is a mechanism of protecting the public's health, safety, and welfare by mandating a minimal level of competency in respiratory care. For the majority of states, this is the CRT credential; however, there has been a movement to move the entry to licensure to the RRT for all those seeking licensure for the first time. The rationale, as with education, is fairly simple: state licensing boards charged with protecting the safety of the public are asking for a higher level of minimum competency. This is especially important because all RTs trained currently are registry eligible.

What organization has developed an examination to enable respiratory therapists to become licensed?

National Board for Respiratory Care Feedback: During the 1980s, the AARC began a major push to introduce state licensure for respiratory care practitioners based on the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) credentials.

As a healthcare employee, are you permitted to talk to the media about the hospital you are employed by?

No

How is competency to practice Respiratory Care determined?

Obtaining a passing grade on a credentialing examination administered by the NBRC after graduation from a CoARC approved program. Feedback: State licensing laws set the minimum educational requirements and the method of determining competence to practice.

Which of the following is an application that allows for imaging storage, portability communication, and clinical integrations of all imaging modalities?

PACS Feedback: A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is an application that allows for imaging storage, portability, communication, and clinical integration of all imaging modalities with the HER. POCT is point-of care testing and refers to blood gas analysis performed at or near the site of a patient, in a setting that is different from a normal hospital clinical laboratory. HITECH is Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act that is part of a national strategy for building a national health information infrastructure. CPOE is computerized physician order entry.

When a respiratory therapist defers a patient's questions about a condition to the attending physician, what ethical principle is being practiced?

Role fidelity Feedback: For example, because of differences in role duty, a respiratory therapist might be ethically obliged not to tell a patient's family how critical the situation is, instead having the attending physician do so.

You are the respiratory therapist who is covering a night shift at your local hospital. You get a call from a family member stating that someone very closed to you has died in an accident. You drop everything and leave the hospital without speaking to your superior. What could the repercussions of this action be?

The patient could pass away from lack of medical treatment from the respiratory department, you could lose your job due to negligence.

In your own words, describe evidence-based medicine.

The use of research, clinical trials, and case studies to see if certain treatments or procedures work based on criteria and other events that could be put into play.

What are the three basic missions of academic medicine?

To heal, to teach, and to discover Feedback: Academic medicine has three basic missions: to heal, to teach, and to discover.

Under what conditions can the principle of confidentiality be breached?

When the welfare of the community or a vulnerable individual is at stake Feedback: For example, if the patient were planning to marry, the harm principle would require that confidentiality be broken because of the special vulnerability of the spouse.

How can you protect yourself against lawsuits as a respiratory care practitioner?

You can chart what you have done or what you have not done based on what a physician has told you or even if a patient has denied it. By charting, you are leaving physical evidence that shows that you have tried or you were told not to do something even if it was ordered to

The process by which the underlying primary, secondary, and other notable causes of a medical error are identified is referred to as

a root-cause analysis OR continuous quality improvement.

Therapists-driven protocols are used to

allocate and titrate respiratory care services. Feedback: Therapist-driven protocols can shorten length of stay (LOS) and improve health outcomes. Based on patient assessment, RTs use protocols to initiate, allocate, titrate and discontinue respiratory care. Consistency and timeliness of implementation are keys to the effectiveness of protocols.