W History Chapters 2-3 Notes
Where/When was the Renassaince?
1300-1600 italy
Humanists of the Ren created special schools promoting what kind of education?
Liberal Arts
In 1494, France took Naples, and Spain and papal forces in 1501. For 60 years Spain and France battled over parts of Italy. Who won?
Spain
They created ___ for Milan that made it strong and rich
Tax
Who led Rome?
The Church
What factors combined to foster a religious reformation in Europe?
The opposing views on the sacraments, relics, and indulgences led to Erasmus starting the commotion that Luther continued and spread into a whole new branch of Christianity
The Swiss priest Ulrich Zwingli introduced Protestant reforms in the city of _____ and wanted an alliance with ______
Zurich Luther
Who came first and who came second?
1 - Cosimo; 2 - Lorenzo
Who was considered a leader of humanism?
Da Vinci
Protestant teachers used ________methods, and ML believed that the _____ should pay for education
Humanist State
In the year ____, the Pope called the Council of _____, which defined Catholic doctrine
1545 Trent
How and when did the end to religious warfare in Germany come, and what did this mean for Christianity?
1555 with the Peace of Augsburg, which accepted Christian and German division
What kind of books did they write?
About teaching methods
The ___ of _________ of 1534 declared that King _____ ___ was "the only supreme head on earth of the new Church of England."
Act of Supremacy Henry VIII
Some features of society were not changed: ____-________, or discrimination against Jews, continued
Anti-Semitism
Why did they take control?
Because of $
Where and when did ML issue his 95 theses?
Castle church door in germany on October 31 1517
Who wrote about feminism?
Christina Pizan
More money, less ______ power
Church
Ren education - more humanism, classics, less ______
Church
Who loaned people money and gave it back?
Church
Anabaptists, who believed that all people were equal, called for the complete separation of...
Church and State
In 1434, who took control of Florence?
Cosimo de' Medici
Who was.. Known for being a painter at the time of Mona Lisa Techniques were revolutionary Scientist who studied birds to understand flying Familiar with human and animal anatomy Was an engineer and inventor
Da Vinci
Who wrote the Divine comedy?
Donte
When did 5 major territorial states come to dominate the peninsula?
Early 15th century
Who was the best known CHRISTIAN HUMANIST, and what did he believe?
Erasmus; should show how to live good on a daily basis, not just to provide saving beliefs. Thought of reading Classics
What did Petrarch look for?
Forgotten Latin manuscripts
Who is Martin Luther and what was his chief teaching?
Former Catholic monk in Wittenberg who taught faith alone is needed for salvation
Who offered opposition to the rule of Char V?
Francis I, King of France
Many humanists of the Ren revived the Classics, like _____and _____ authors
Greek Roman
Why did Char V oppose the Reformation?
He knew ML had to be wrong; saw it as a force disrupting political and social order
Why was ML made an outlaw in the Church?
He refused to change his ideas and he tried to overthrow the Church
Who led Naples?
Hereditary monarchy
Women's duties in their marriage included having kids and being obedient to their ________
Husbands
During the Ren, France and Spain unified and were powerful. They eagerly eyed whose wealth?
Italian States
Who were famous Ren authors?
Jan Van Eyck Christina Pizan Donte
What two religious groups were founded?
Jesuits and Carmelites
Petrarch spread the study of Classical _____
Latin
What was the core of Ren Education?
Liberal Arts
Later, the grandson, _______, would take control
Lorenzo
Who led Florence?
Medici
Who led Venice?
Merchant Aristocrats
What city state was... Super rich Lot's of trade Previously ruled by Visconti's
Milan
Everyone was led by set government except for who?
Papal States
Who was called the father of Italian Ren humanism?
Petrarch
Who was the influential humanist of the 1300s?
Petrarch
Virgil's ______ were model in Ren humanism
Poetry
John Calvin emphasized the idea of ______________, which gave later Calvinists the belief that they were doing God's work on earth
Predestination
Cicero's _____ were model in Ren humanism
Prose
In an effort to restore Catholicism to England, Queen Mary I had almost 300 ____________ burned as heretics
Protestants
What professions studied Latin?
Scholars, lawyers, theologians, and other intellectuals
What did Petrarch inspire?
Searches for similar texts in monastic libraries across Europe
Who led Milan?
Sforza
Who united a band of mercenaries and overtook it and became its duke?
Sforza's
Lack of what made it possible for a number of Italian states to remain independent?
Single Strong ruler
Why did Christian humanists call for reform in the Church?
They believed that the Church officials were abusing their power and called for a simpler faith. Sacraments weren't neccessary and no indulgences
What expanded during the Middle Ages that helped create a society that was much more urban than the rest of Europe?
Thriving trade network
What are the charateristics of the Italian Ren?
Urban-oriented society Renewed interest in ancient culture Emphasis on the individual