W History Chapters 2-3 Notes

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Where/When was the Renassaince?

1300-1600 italy

Humanists of the Ren created special schools promoting what kind of education?

Liberal Arts

In 1494, France took Naples, and Spain and papal forces in 1501. For 60 years Spain and France battled over parts of Italy. Who won?

Spain

They created ___ for Milan that made it strong and rich

Tax

Who led Rome?

The Church

What factors combined to foster a religious reformation in Europe?

The opposing views on the sacraments, relics, and indulgences led to Erasmus starting the commotion that Luther continued and spread into a whole new branch of Christianity

The Swiss priest Ulrich Zwingli introduced Protestant reforms in the city of _____ and wanted an alliance with ______

Zurich Luther

Who came first and who came second?

1 - Cosimo; 2 - Lorenzo

Who was considered a leader of humanism?

Da Vinci

Protestant teachers used ________methods, and ML believed that the _____ should pay for education

Humanist State

In the year ____, the Pope called the Council of _____, which defined Catholic doctrine

1545 Trent

How and when did the end to religious warfare in Germany come, and what did this mean for Christianity?

1555 with the Peace of Augsburg, which accepted Christian and German division

What kind of books did they write?

About teaching methods

The ___ of _________ of 1534 declared that King _____ ___ was "the only supreme head on earth of the new Church of England."

Act of Supremacy Henry VIII

Some features of society were not changed: ____-________, or discrimination against Jews, continued

Anti-Semitism

Why did they take control?

Because of $

Where and when did ML issue his 95 theses?

Castle church door in germany on October 31 1517

Who wrote about feminism?

Christina Pizan

More money, less ______ power

Church

Ren education - more humanism, classics, less ______

Church

Who loaned people money and gave it back?

Church

Anabaptists, who believed that all people were equal, called for the complete separation of...

Church and State

In 1434, who took control of Florence?

Cosimo de' Medici

Who was.. Known for being a painter at the time of Mona Lisa Techniques were revolutionary Scientist who studied birds to understand flying Familiar with human and animal anatomy Was an engineer and inventor

Da Vinci

Who wrote the Divine comedy?

Donte

When did 5 major territorial states come to dominate the peninsula?

Early 15th century

Who was the best known CHRISTIAN HUMANIST, and what did he believe?

Erasmus; should show how to live good on a daily basis, not just to provide saving beliefs. Thought of reading Classics

What did Petrarch look for?

Forgotten Latin manuscripts

Who is Martin Luther and what was his chief teaching?

Former Catholic monk in Wittenberg who taught faith alone is needed for salvation

Who offered opposition to the rule of Char V?

Francis I, King of France

Many humanists of the Ren revived the Classics, like _____and _____ authors

Greek Roman

Why did Char V oppose the Reformation?

He knew ML had to be wrong; saw it as a force disrupting political and social order

Why was ML made an outlaw in the Church?

He refused to change his ideas and he tried to overthrow the Church

Who led Naples?

Hereditary monarchy

Women's duties in their marriage included having kids and being obedient to their ________

Husbands

During the Ren, France and Spain unified and were powerful. They eagerly eyed whose wealth?

Italian States

Who were famous Ren authors?

Jan Van Eyck Christina Pizan Donte

What two religious groups were founded?

Jesuits and Carmelites

Petrarch spread the study of Classical _____

Latin

What was the core of Ren Education?

Liberal Arts

Later, the grandson, _______, would take control

Lorenzo

Who led Florence?

Medici

Who led Venice?

Merchant Aristocrats

What city state was... Super rich Lot's of trade Previously ruled by Visconti's

Milan

Everyone was led by set government except for who?

Papal States

Who was called the father of Italian Ren humanism?

Petrarch

Who was the influential humanist of the 1300s?

Petrarch

Virgil's ______ were model in Ren humanism

Poetry

John Calvin emphasized the idea of ______________, which gave later Calvinists the belief that they were doing God's work on earth

Predestination

Cicero's _____ were model in Ren humanism

Prose

In an effort to restore Catholicism to England, Queen Mary I had almost 300 ____________ burned as heretics

Protestants

What professions studied Latin?

Scholars, lawyers, theologians, and other intellectuals

What did Petrarch inspire?

Searches for similar texts in monastic libraries across Europe

Who led Milan?

Sforza

Who united a band of mercenaries and overtook it and became its duke?

Sforza's

Lack of what made it possible for a number of Italian states to remain independent?

Single Strong ruler

Why did Christian humanists call for reform in the Church?

They believed that the Church officials were abusing their power and called for a simpler faith. Sacraments weren't neccessary and no indulgences

What expanded during the Middle Ages that helped create a society that was much more urban than the rest of Europe?

Thriving trade network

What are the charateristics of the Italian Ren?

Urban-oriented society Renewed interest in ancient culture Emphasis on the individual


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