Research
The CDC is an example of what type of literature source? a)print database b)electronic database c)citation index d)internet directory
)internet directory
A research article written by someone other than the person who conducted the study is referred to as: a)operational definition b)primary source c)secondary source d)piece of scientific literature
)secondary source
Hierarchy of evidence from strongest (clinical trials) to weakest (opinion) is also referred to as: a) evidence based practice b)appraising evidence c)research utilization d)evidence database
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A conscientious, explicit use of best evidence in making decisions about care is often termed: a)evidence database b)evidence based medicine c)evidence guidelines d)best evidence guidelines
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Which of the following statements is not true of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)? 1. An IRB assures that researchers do not engage in unethical behavior. 2. All IRB members must have an affiliation with the institution. 3. An IRB can use an expedited review process where there are minimal risks. 4. Certain types of research are exempt from the IRB process.
All IRB members must have an affiliation with the institution.
A study performed on hospitalized patients with the intention to change nursing practice is considered what type of research? a)Basic b)Applied c)Nonexperimental d)Descriptive
Applied
Pure or fundamental research is often referred to as: a) basic. b) applied. c)experimental. d) non-experimental.
Basic
A research design that examines relationships between and among variables is referred to as: a) longitudinal. b)correlational. c)prospective. d)retrospective.
Correlational
A researcher wants to determine if nurses' levels of empathy for patients change after graduation from work nursing school. The following groups are measured: new graduates, nurses who have worked for 2 years, and nurses who have worked for 5 years, on empathy towards patients with a comparison of scores. This study is: 1. prospective. 2. retrospective. 3. cross-sectional. 4. experimental.
Cross-sectional
As a patient advocate, what is the nurses role in carrying out research activities? 1. Determine if the study has been reviewed by the IRB. 2. Report human rights violations to the patients physician. 3. Assume the subjects rights have been adequately addressed. 4. Presume informed consent has been handled adequately.
Determine if the study has been reviewed by the IRB.
Who is the current director of the NINR? a) Dr Patton b) Dr Gerberding c) Dr. Grady d) Dr. Zerhouni
Dr. Grady
Nursing practice that relies on evidence from research and integrates those findings into clinical thinking and decision making is called: a)nursing science b) EBP c)scientific inquiry d)scientific method
EBP
________ is the idea that knowledge comes from experience. a)Rationalism b)Logic c)Replication d)Empiricism
Empiricism
Using theory-derived, research-based information to make decisions about care delivery to patients in consideration of individual needs and preferences is: a)evidence database b)evidence-based medicine c)evidence guideline d)evidence based nursing
Evidence-based nursing
A study on the impact of a proper teaching program w/ use of pain meds was conducted. One group gets a pamphlet and the other gets a talking to w/ examples and a pamphlet. This is: a.experimental b.correlational c.cross-sectional. d.prospective.
Experimental: the researcher manipulates & ctrls one or more variables and observes the effect on one or more other variables
Which of the following is the best example of a problem statement containing all parts of the PICOT format? a) Children whose parents stay with them experience less pain. b) Hospitalized children ages 3-5 years whose parents stay with them during painful procedures experience less pain than those who do not. c) Hospitalized patients who have a relative with them experience less pain most days. d) Patients who have a relative with them will experience less anxiety than those who do not.
Hospitalized children ages 3-5 years whose parents stay with them during painful procedures experience less pain than those who do not.
Which statement by a research study participant might indicate informed consent has not occurred? 1. The doctor explained to me what the research study is all about. 2. I volunteered to participate in the research study. 3. I already signed the consent form. 4. If I change my mind I will be billed for the research medicine I've already taken.
If I change my mind I will be billed for the research medicine I've already taken.
A study that follows a cohort of subjects and collects data over time is referred to as: 1. observational. 2. retrospective. 3. longitudinal. 4. experimental.
Longitudinal
A statistical method that synthesizes findings from several studies is often referred to as: a) descriptive analysis b)inferential analysis c) meta analysis d) multivariate analysis
Meta-Analysis
Research for a research-practice gap include all of the following except: a) nurses lack the skill of reading research reports b) nurses don't develop an opportunity for acceptance of change c) nurses are encouraged by admin. to resist change in practice d) nurse researchers and clinicians use dif. language
Nurses are encouraged by administration to resist change in practice.
An example of a specialty journal is: a.Research in Nursing and Health. b.Nursing Research. c.Western Journal d.Oncology Nursing Forum.
Oncology
In the PICOT format for developing an evidence-based practice guideline, the P stands for a) Patient / Population b) Problem c) Purpose d) Proposed Plan / Procedure
Patient / Population
When developing a question to drive the compilation of evidence for a specific practice situation, the five components that can be used to focus the investigation based on the PICOT model are a) Particular situation, intervention, comparison, obstacles, and time. b) Patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time. c) Practice, evidence, intervention choices, options, and preferences. d) Patient, intervention, available choices, options recommended by data, and total evidence.
Patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time.
A type of research method emphasizing the meaning of an experience is termed: a)scientific integrity b)scientific method c) qualitative d)quantitive
Qualitative
Research that is done to examine findings of another researcher using the same variables but different subjects is referred to as: a)exploration b) replication c)empiricism d)rigor
Replication
A group of individuals who collaborate on a research project from beginning to dissemination of findings are referred to as a: a) research consumer b)research team c)principal investigator d) consultant
Research Team
The term ______ is often referred to as a delay in using research findings in practice. a)systematic review b)research practice gap c) evidence based practice d)evidence database
Research-practice Gap
Which study may qualify for an expedited IRB review? 1. A study to determine if low dose aspirin prevents thrombophlebitis 2. The effect of a dark room on the quality of sleep in hospitalized patients 3. The effects of niacin on coronary artery disease 4. A study on the link between birth control and depression in women of childbearing age
The effect of a dark room on the quality of sleep in hospitalized patients
Which guideline for authoring a paper for publication is incorrect? a)colleagues should be consulted when parties disagree on authorship matters b)avoid duplicate and fragmented publications c)authors should provide additional information as requested by editors d) the principle investigator takes sole responsibility for the final manuscript
The principle investigator takes sole responsibility for the final manuscript
When a researcher uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to collecting data, this is referred to as: a)scientific integrity b)scientific rigor c)triangulation d)ways of knowing
Triangulation
The research process may best be characterized as: a. a set of rules that must always be followed. b. a set of steps to be carried out one by one in the prescribed order. c. a way of assigning people to groups. d. a decision-making process that attempts to guard against making false interpretations.
a decision-making process that attempts to guard against making false interpretations.
A nurse decides to conduct an historical study about the care of chronically ill children in American frontier families between 1800 and 1820. Which of the following would be a primary source on this topic? a) a previous historical study, "The Nature of Childhood Among Nebraska Settlers in the 1800s," which was recently completed by a prominent nurse researcher b) a set of three letters written by a pioneer woman in Minnesota from 1811 to 1812 concerning the experiences of her family, which includes one child with asthma c) Jones's History of American West, published in 1930 d) all of the responses are primary sources.
a set of three letters written by a pioneer woman in Minnesota from 1811 to 1812 concerning the experiences of her family, which includes one child with asthma
Which finding might indicate a literature review is of poor quality? a)mostly secondary sources are used b)the problem is introduced within the 1st few paragraphs c)many of the relevant articles are easily identified d)articles chosen to be included have recent publication dates
a)mostly secondary sources are used
The scientific method incorporates those procedures used by researchers in the pursuit of new knowledge. The first step involved in the scientific method is: a.formulating a research problem and purpose b.reviewing the literature c.developing a framework d.formulating research objectives, questions, or hypotheses
a. formulating a research problem and purpose
Nursing research is the key to providing high-quality health care. Through the process of conducting research, nurses: A- .ask questions that come up in daily nursing practice that need answers B- .build a body of knowledge unique to the discipline of nursing C- .provide data that document the effectiveness of nursing care D- all of the above
a.all the responses are correct.
A nurse with a baccalaureate degree in nursing should be able to a.Work with others to identify potential nursing research problems that need to be investigated. b. Understand basic elements of evidence-based nursing practice. c.Read, understand, interpret, and apply research findings from nursing and other disciplines into clinical practice. d. All of the above
all of the above
Sources of researchable problems can include: a)theory and past research. b)researcher's own experience. c)practical issues that require solutions. d)all the responses are correct.
all of the above
Which of the following is characteristic of good theory or explanation? A)It is parsimonious. B)It is testable. C)It is general enough to apply to more than one person, place, or situation. D)all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following potential research participants have diminished autonomy and are incompetent to give informed consent? a.cognitively impaired older adults b.mentally ill patient c.children d- all of the above
all of the above
Computer database searchers can be done: a) online at home. b) at the library. c) using a CD-ROM. d)all the options are correct.
all of the options
A literature review serves several functions. They include: a) helping to establish a theoretical base. b) identifying relationships between variables. c) expanding or further defining the problem statement d)all of the responses are correct.
all of the responses are correct.
A situation where the identity of subjects remains unknown to protect subjects participating in a study is referred to as: 1. confidentiality. 2.human rights. 3.risk-benefit ratio. 4. anonymity.
anonymity
A good qualitative problem statement: a)defines the independent and dependent variables b)conveys a sense of emerging design c)specifies a research hypothesis to be tested d_specifies a relationship between or among variables
b)conveys a sense of emerging design
Someone looking up a design that was conducted from February 1999 to November 1999 is most likely: a.experimental b.longitudinal c.non experimental d.prospective
b.longitudinal
What is the advantage of using abstracts when performing a literature search? a)finding journal sources of data based articles on various topics b)gaining access to all english language and many foreign language nursing journals c)determining whether a reference is relevant before performing a full search d)identifying primary versus secondary sources
c)determining whether a reference is relevant before performing a full search
Refers to protecting data by not divulging information that is gathered: 1. confidentiality. 2.human rights. 3.risk-benefit ratio. 4. anonymity.
confidentiality
"Green explored relationships among metabolic control, self-care behaviors, and parenting styles among adolescents w/ type 1 diabetes" This is an example of: a.longitudinal. b.correlational c.cross-sectional. d.prospective.
correlational: collects data on at least two variables for the same group of individuals. Between and among a group
Which of the following statements best describes the problem statement, "To what extent do health practices influence the health of American citizens?" a)acceptable as stated b)not a research problem bc it addresses a moral issue c)not acceptable as stated bc it leads an independent variable d)not acceptable bc of the vagueness of concepts stated
d)not acceptable bc of the vagueness of concepts stated
Triangulation refers to the process of: a.asking the participant survey questions that have three possible responses. b.collecting data at three different times with the same instrument. c.reaching agreement among three members of a research team on the identity of the concepts or themes. d.collecting data in a study with a combination of research designs or instruments.
d. collecting data in a study with a combination of research designs or instruments.
What form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises? a)rationalism b)deductive c)inductive d)probabilistic
deductive
Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theory? a)scientific inquiry b)empirical model c)inductive d)deductive
deductive
Non-experimental research is considered to be weaker than experimental research in regards to: a)documenting a causal relationship. b)being able to maintain ethical standards. c)establishing whether a problem exists. d)establishing for whom a problem exists.
documenting a causal relationship.
The Theory of Chronic Sorrow is an example of what type of theory? a)practice b)borrowed c)grand d)middle-range
middle-range
Explanations of concepts or variables in terms of how they are defined in a particular study are referred to as: a)secondary sources. b)primary sources. c)scientific literature. d)operational definitions.
operational definitions
Quantitative research may use all of the following methods of data collection except: a.physical measurements b.questionnaires c.surveys d.participant observation
participant observation
One of the primary functions of theory is to: a)summarize existing knowledge. b)summarize existing hypotheses. c)suggest new relationships and make new predictions. d)suggest new theories.
suggest new relationships and make new predictions.
Limitations associated w/ the science and practice of evidence based medicine include al of the following except: a)lack of skills in appraising research b) difficulties in convincing patients to accept the evidence c)limited amount of time to master research skills d)scarce resources to access evidence
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One of the largest biomedical research literature database is: a)MEDLINE b)MD Consult c)CANCERLIT d)InfoPOEMS
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All of the following are examples of evidence electronic database except: a)HealthSTAR b)AIDSLINE c)MD Consult d)NursingPlus
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What is Grey literature? a)criteria that has been excluded b)unpublished evidence c)words used to connect or exclude keywords in a search d)large registry of clinical trials
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What resource provides the latest information on evidence-based clinical practice guidelines? a)National Guideline Clearinghouse b)Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) c)Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness d)Cochrane Review of Methodology Database
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The process by which knowledge generated from research becomes incorporated into clinical practice is termed: a)research utilization b)evidence based medicine c)evidence based practice d)evidence based nursing
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The nurse-theorist Sr. Callista Roy is associated with what grand theory? a)Adaptation Model b)Health as Expanding Consciousness c)Patient-Centered Approach to Nursing d)Theory of Human Becoming
Adaptation Model
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) has several important features. Which of the following is the best description? a) EBP is a problem-solving approach that takes into consideration the nurse's current clinical skills and past experiences. b) EBP does not support the incorporation of patient preferences and concerns into clinical decisions as decisions must be based totally on the research evidence. c) EBP is best described with all of these statements. d) EBP uses the best available expert opinions.
EBP is a problem-solving approach that takes into consideration the nurse's current clinical skills and past experiences.
Which of the following statements is true? a.Evidence-based practice may be defined as the use of best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions. b.Evidence-based practice is not the responsibility of every staff nurse as the admitting nurse has the coordinating responsibility for initiating an evidence-based care plan. c.Nurses are only expected to encourage evidence-based practice if serving in a management role. d.The clinical nurse leader on the unit is the individual with the responsibility of implementing evidence-based practice.
Evidence-based practice may be defined as the use of best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions.
In questionnaires, surveys, etc...no attempt's made to examine relationships or make predictions. This kind of research is: a.experimental b.correlational c.non experimental d.prospective.
Non-experimental Research: descriptive study that doesn't exhibit a great amount of ctrl over other variables
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study lasted many years, and none of the human subjects were properly informed about the study's conduct. Many ethical principles were ignored including non-maleficence, beneficence, respect, justice, and autonomy. Of the definitions below, which is the best definition of justice? a.The researcher should do good and all subjects must be told of all possible risks as well as benefits of the treatment(s). b.The researcher should do not harm. c.The researcher must respect a person's rights, values, and choices. d.Research participants must be selected fairly and randomly without consideration of economics, social class, or gender.
Research participants must be selected fairly and randomly without consideration of economics, social class, or gender.
Which nursing degree program has a focus on planning and launching independent programs of research? a)BSN b)MSN c)researching doctorate d)Practicing doctoral
Researching Doctoral Program
A rigorous process of collecting and reviewing literature to answer a specific clinical question is called: a)traditional literature review b) evidence based practice c)systematic review d)foreground questioning
Systematic review
In some situations, a researcher obtains informed consent without asking the subject to sign his or her name on a written consent form. This may be done to protect the subject's: a.human dignity. b.right to self-determination. c.anonymity. d.confidentiality.
anonymity
Refers to keeping participants nameless and limiting access to information that is gathered about subjects 1. confidentiality. 2.human rights. 3.risk-benefit ratio. 4. anonymity.
anonymity
One of the weakest pieces of evidence a researcher can identify when addressing and answering clinical questions is the use of: a) individual case-control studies. b) expert opinion. c) case studies. d) randomized clinical trials.
expert opinion
A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence how well children learn. The main purpose of this study is: 1. description. 2. explanation. 3. influence. 4. prediction.
explanation
When selecting a topic and formulating a clinical question the idea may be triggered by knowledge-focused or problem-focused triggers. All of the following would be considered problem-focused triggers except, a. ideas that are triggered when reviewing poor quality improvement data on a clinical unit's performance. b.ideas that are triggered when questioning whether the current practices used in the clinical setting are the most effective. c.ideas that are triggered by recognizing problems in the clinical setting. d.ideas that are triggered by listening to presentations on the most recent research on a topic.
ideas that are triggered by listening to presentations on the most recent research on a topic.
The statement of purpose in a research study should: a) identify the design of the study. b)describe the study. c)specify the type of people to be recruited in the study. d)identify the intent or objective of the study.
identify the intent or objective of the study.
What is the first step associated with the practice of evidence-based medicine? a) identifying the problem b) implementing a change c) evaluating the change d) critiquing the literature
identifying the problem
Which scientific method follows these steps: observation/data, patterns, theory? a)inductive b)deductive c)scientific inquiry d)empirical model
inductive
What's the preferred mode for communicating the latest results of a research study? a)textbooks b)journals c)white papers d)fact sheets
journals
All of the following groups deserve special protection as subjects in research, except: 1.men and women over 65 years of age. 2.children. 3.prisoners. 4.mentally ill.
men and women over 65 years of age.
A systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues important to nursing is called: a)scientific method b)EBP c)nursing research d)nursing science
nursing research
Which characteristic is unique to the scientific method and not associated w/ other ways of learning information? a)objectivity b)personal bias c)subjectivity d)logical reasoning
objectivity
Theories that are more specific than middle-range theories and identify specific guidelines for practice are called: a)borrowed theories. b)practice theories. c)grand theories. d)nursing theories.
practice theories.
A statement that clearly describes the problem, makes a case for why it needs to be investigated, and often culminates by having the researcher articulate the problem in question form is found in what section of a research proposal? a)theoretical rationale b)problem statement c)methods d)definition of terms
problem statement
One of the strongest pieces of evidence a researcher can identify when addressing and answering clinical questions is the use of: a)randomized clinical trials. b)case studies. c)individual case-control studies. d)expert opinion.
randomized clinical trials
At minimum the nurse as research consumer is expected to: a) gather data through direct observation b) read and evaluate research projects c) author research papers for publication d) participate in the design and production of a study
read & evaluate
Journals that determine acceptance of manuscripts based on peer review are referred to as a: a)electronic journal. b)theoretical journal. c)referred journal. d)scientific journal.
referred journal
A researcher is interested in why some elderly patients are discharged when considered not medically stable. The researcher reviews charts of patients who have been discharged to explore factors that occurred during the hospitalization and relate these to status at discharge. This study is: a.longitudinal. b.retrospective. c.cross-sectional. d.prospective.
retrospective
Striving for excellence in research w/ discipline, adherance to detail, and strict accuracy is called: a)rigor b)trangulation c)replication 4)scientific inquiry
rigor
Providing subjects with an estimate of the potential risks in relation to the potential benefits is called the: a.right to self-determination. b.risk-benefit ratio. c.right to anonymity and confidentiality. d.right to privacy and dignity.
risk-benefit ratio
Individuals who provide data in a research study are often referred to as the: 1. population. 2. data points. 3. coding plan. 4. sample.
sample
As a nurse researcher, you are studying the evolution of nursing and read the English translation of a book written by a Russian nurse. This source is: a) original. b) tertiary. c) primary. d) secondary.
secondary
Which of the following is not a central concept in conceptual models of nursing? a)person b)social support c)health d)environment
social support
Knowledge is information acquired in a variery of different ways. Methods used to acquire this knowledge are referred to as: a)scientific integrity b)scientific rigor c)triangulation d)ways of knowing
ways of knowing