Research Exam 1 Answers

Informed consent to serve as a subject in research requires signing a document the states

ALL OF THE ABOVE - the purpose of the study - that the subject may end participation at any time - the probable risks involved

The first step in selecting a sample should be to

Define population

The primary sources of a literature review are

Research journal articles

Which of the following factors should NOT influence the decsion when one is selecting a topic or problem for research>

Will I be able to prove hat my previously held beliefs are true?

Generalizing research findings from a sample to the population is most likely to be justifiable when:

a large random sample is used

Which of the following is a quantitative variable?

age

"Learning disbled children who attend public school programs will show greater increases in social competence than will comparable children who attend institutional programs." This is an example of

directional research hypothesis

In random sampling, it is necessarily true that:

each sampling unit has an equal probability of being selected

In cluster random sampling

existing groups are randomly selected

The only type of research that can manipulate treatments and establish a cause and effect is

experimental research

In ____________ studies, researchers do not physically manipulate independent variables

non-experimental

In qualitative research, sampling designed to select smalls groups or individuals likely to be knowledgeable and informative about the phenomenon of interest is called

purposive sampling

A categorical variable is on that varies in:

type but not amount

The entire collection of people, elements, scores, or measurements to which conclusions are applied is:

a population

A research report states that Group A was exposed to a new teaching method and Group B was exposed to a traditional method. At the end of a four-month period, each group was given the same achievement test. Group A had a mean score that was higher than the mean score for Group B. The dependent variable in this study was the:

achievement scores of the students

Which of the following is a non-directional hypothesis?

boys and girls will differ in their attitudes in their attitudes toward school

When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher

collects data on which to base decisions

In ____ ______, researchers are interested in the degree of relationship among two or more quantiative variables.

correlational study

A literature review should be a _____ ____ of the literature on a topic.

critical assesment

Dr. Jones is studying the effects of distance cycling on aerobic capacity. She recruits 60 subjects for her study: Group A has had no distance training group B cycles 30 miles per week, and group C cycles 60 miles per week. She then compares the results of all 3 groups basing her conclusions on how much cycling was done. Dr. Jones has used a ____ design for her research study.

cross-sectional

_____ are background chracteristics of the participants in research, such as gender, age, and income.

demographics

The sample in a particular study is the:

group on which data are obtained

Statements or predictions that are tested by collecting and analyzing objective evidence are called:

hypotheses

A journal article that is missing from local libraries can usually be obtained from"

interlibrary loan

Operational definitions are encouraged in research in order to:

make terms used in a study as explicit as possible

"Students taught first aid by programmed instruction will achieve at a higher level than those taught first aid by the transitional method." The independent variable in this hypothesis is

method of instruction

In _____ _____, the results are presented as discussions of trends and/or themes on based on words, not statistics.

qualitative research

A _______ is an attempt to confirm the results of a study by conducting it again the same way.

replication

The most important consideration in selecting a sample is that the sample be:

representative of the populaion

The validity of generalizations based on a sample depends on the:

representativeness of the sample

The dependent variable is so called because:

scores on this variable are hypothesized to depend on, and vary with, the value of the independent variable

The qualitative researcher typically

studies a small number of particpants

Another type of nonexperimental research is the ____ or poll.

survery

Which of the following is not a common error in the review of literature sections of these?

synthesizing and interpreting the findings of previous research

A researcher drew a sample by selecting every tenth name in a telephone directory. Which of the following types of sampling did she use?

systematc

A purposive sample is used when

the individuals to be chosen are believed to have the information desired

Characteristics of persons or things that can assume different values are called:

variables