Research Methods Chapter 9

How many potential main effects are there in a 3 x 4 factorial design?

*Either 12, 4, or 2

In a 2 x 2 factorial design, when a main effect is significant

*not the other main effect should also be significant

In a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, how many conditions are there in the entire study?

12

Which of the following is most dissimilar to an ABAB design?

A case study

Which one of the following qualities is unique to single-case experimental design?

Can establish causality with only one subject

Which one of the following qualities is shared by both single-case experimental design and case studies? Rich data Can involve only one participant Systematic manipulation of the independent variable(s) Ease of generalizing findings to the general population

Can involve only one participant

Which of the following allows researchers to examine the effect of multiple independent variables simultaneously?

Factorial design

A factorial design with three independent variables has three possible interactions in total.

False

A quasi-experimental design is better at establishing causality than a fully experimental design.

False

A single-case experimental design uses the same methodology as a case study design.

False

Another name for the ABA design is a "reversal design", where the second step "B" involves measuring the dependent variable at baseline.

False

If a researcher were interested in studying how two independent variables work together to influence a dependent variable, the best design to use would be a higher order factorial design.

False

In a two by four design, there are six possible main effects.

False

Single-case experimental designs often produce findings that are as generalizable as other more common forms of experimental design.

False

The main effects in a factorial design are not significant if the interaction between them is not significant too.

False

When two main effects are significant, an interaction must be significant too.

False

Which of the following statements is not true? In a 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial design, there are two potential main effects. In a 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial design, there is one potential three-way interaction. In a 2 x 2 x 2 mixed-subjects factorial design, there are four two-way interactions. In a 3 x 2 mixed-subjects factorial design, one potential main effect is within-subjects.

In a 2 x 2 x 2 mixed-subjects factorial design, there are four two-way interactions.

Which of the following is an advantage of the ABAB design?

Increases the ability to rule out normal variability as an explanation for effects

What pattern of results does the graph below present of a 2 x 2 factorial design? (pattern of an "x" on the graph"

Interaction present but no main effects

Which of the following designs has the highest internal validity out of all the rest?

Multiple baseline design

Which of the following describes a characteristic of single-case experimental design that allows researchers to examine causal effects of the intervention?

Taking an initial baseline measure, followed by the intervention, then taking another measure after the intervention has worn off.

In a single-case experimental design, multiple exposures to the intervention could affect the responses of the subject. This is similar to ______________ of within-group designs.

The carryover effect

Which of the following is always true about a single-case experimental design?

The first measure taken from the subject is for the purpose of establishing baseline.

Which of the following is a most likely to be a drawback of a 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 factorial design?

The four-way interaction effect will be challenging to interpret.

In a 3 x 4 factorial design, what does "4" refer to?

The number of levels of the second independent variable.

A drawback of a higher order factorial design is that some interaction effects obtained could be difficult to interpret.

True

A single-case experimental design is able to establish causality.

True

A two by two by three factorial design would have twelve possible conditions in total.

True

In a 2 by 3 design, there are two possible main effects.

True

In an ABA design, the letter A refers to a baseline measure

True

Some quasi-experiment designs can also be known as correlational designs.

True

The multiple baseline approach

Varies the amount of time between each intervention and baseline measure.

In the ABAB design, the "B" refers to:

a measure assumed to reflect the effects of the intervention

In Fred's study, there are three levels of only one independent variable that also happens to be a participant variable. His study is:

a quasi-experimental design

While higher-order factorial designs allow the researcher to take more variables into consideration, a drawback is that the _________________ of some __________________ might be challenging to interpret.

complexity; interactions

Using a factorial design can increase the ________________________ of a study as compared to isolating the effect of a single independent variable in simpler experimental designs.

external validity

Jaime is running a study comparing the performances on monolinguals and bilinguals on memories for pictures. This study uses a _________________________ and is a _______________________.

not EIV, between subjects design*