Respiratory Anatomy (Chapter 23)

the right lung has ________ tertiary bronchi and the left lung has ________ tertiary bronchi

10 8-10

the lungs contain approximately __________ alveoli

300-400 million

Which are the functions of the respiratory system?

Air passageway detection of odors sound production exchange of O2 and CO2

which are found in the mucous lining the respiratory tract?

Mucin lysozyme defensins immunoglobulin

a collapsed lung remains down until ________ has been removed from the pleural space

air

normally, only ________ passes through the nasopharynx

air

the respiratory portion of the lower respiratory tract includes which structure?

alveolar ducts respiratory bronchioles alveoli

the cells that engulf microorganisms or particulate material that have reached the alveoli are called

alveolar macrophages

the small openings in the walls between adjacent alveoli are called _______ _______

alveolar pores

the distal end of the alveolar duct terminates as a dilated

alveolar sacs

The type of alveolar cell that promotes rapid gas diffusion across the alveolar wall is the

alveolar type 1 cell

the presence of free air in the pleural space sometimes causes the affected lung to deflate, a condition called

atelectasis

the ________ equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere by allowing excess air pressure to be released into the nasopharynx

auditory tubes

Which are functions of the larynx?

blocks food and drink from entering airway produces sound for speech serves as a passageway for air

the respiratory membrane is the thin wall between the alveolar lumen and the

blood

which arteries supply blood to the walls of the bronchi?

bronchial arteries

the _________ is a highly branched system of air conducting passages that originates from the left and right primary bronchi and progressively branches into narrower tubes ending in terminal bronchioles

bronchial tree

contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles results in

bronchoconstriction

the main function of the sympathetic innervation on the lungs is

bronchodilation

the left and right lung are partitioned into 8-10 ________ segments

bronchopulmonary

the alveoli have thin walls specialized to promote diffusion of gasses between the alveolus and the

capillaries

squamous cell carcinoma

cells of the respiratory membrane

the trachea is lined with ________, which propel mucus laden particles toward the pharynx where they can be swallowed

cilia

the ________ division of the respiratory system transports the air

conducting

which are symptoms of asthma?

coughing shortness of breath wheezing

the ring shaped ________ cartilage of the inferior portion of the larynx connects to the trachea inferiorly

cricoid

the vestibular folds are also called the _______ vocal cords

false

alveoli have a unique shape, best described as

hexagonal

on the medial surface of each lung is an indented ________ through which a bronchus enters the lung

hilum

the oropharynx extends from the soft palate superiorly to the ________ inferiorly

hyoid bone

the parietal pleura lines which structures?

internal thoracic walls, lateral surfaces of the mediastinum superior surface of the diaphragm

which is always higher, intrapulmonary pressure or intrapleural pressure?

intrapulmonary

inflammation of the larynx is

laryngitis

the inferior region of the pharynx is called the :

laryngopharynx

in the respiratory system, sympathetic fibers innervate the lungs, bronchial tree, the trachea, and the _________

larynx

the ________ is also called the voice box

larynx

which is not part of the upper respiratory system?

larynx

the ________ lung has only two lobes, superior and inferior

left

what factors determine the characteristics of sound as they pass through the vocal folds?

length tension

the secondary bronchi that branch off the primary bronchi are also called _________ bronchi

lobar

each bronchopulmonary segment is divided into many

lobues

the ________ the vocal fold, the deeper the voice

longer

at the level of the sternal angle, the trachea bifurcates into right and left ________ ________

main bronchi

the trachea descends through the neck into the ________ from the _________ to the main bronchi

mediastinum larynx

adenocarcinoma

mucin producing cells

the _______ _______ divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions

nasal septum

small cell carcinoma

neuroendocrine cells

the ________ is the main conducting airway for inhaled air

nose

the superior region of the nasal cavity is covered with ________, which contains receptors for smell

olfactory epithelium

which are characteristics of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

originate in hyoid bone or sternum stabilize larynx help with swallowing

the ________ tonsils are also called adenoids

pharyngeal

The choanae lead into the

pharynx

the frequency of sound waves is called ________ and is determined by the amount of tension on the vocal folds

pitch

an inflammation of the pleural membranes is known as

pleurisy

a puncture to the pleural space by a knife, a gun or a broken rib that allows air between the parietal and visceral pleura creates a condition known a

pneumothorax

pulmonary surfactant coast the inner alveolar surface to reduce surface tension and

prevent their collapse

alveolar type 2 II cells secrete:

pulmonary surfactant

aspirated foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ primary bronchus

right

a lot of air forced through the ________ ________ produces a loud sound

rima glottidis

a lubricating fluid found in the pleural cavity is:

serous fluid

the bronchiles are no longer lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium as the bronchi are but are lined with ________ epithelium

simple columnar

the ________ bronchiloles are the final segment of the conducting pathway

terminal

thyroid cartilage enlarges at puberty due to the increase of

testosterone

if no other forces were acting on the lungs, they would collapse. What is the reason for this?

the elastic tissue of the lung

the lungs remain inflated despite their tendency to collapse, what is the reason for this?

the negative intrapleural pressure relative to intrapulmonary pressure

what prevents the small bronchioles from collapsing?

their small diameter

the growth of the _______ cartilage is stimulated by testosterone, this, the adams apple is usually prominent and larger in males after puberty

thyroid

which anatomical structus aid sound production?

tongue lips paranasal sinuses teeth nasal cavity

the _________ is also known as the "windpipe"

trachea

the posterior sides of the tracheal C-shaped cartilages are bound together by the

trachealis muscle

the vocal folds of the larynx are called the

true vocal cords

the ________ is the primary nerve that innervates the larynx

vagus

the outer surface of each lung is tightly covered by

visceral pleura