respiratory system

Which of the following occurs as air is drawn through the nose?

Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified.

All of the following are TRUE regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system EXCEPT which one?

Antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection.

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.

All of the following statements are TRUE regarding lung cancer EXCEPT which one?

One hundred percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke.

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body causes

a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Ventilation refers to the process by which

air moves into and out of the lungs

Which of the following structures is the location of gas exchange between the inhaled air and the blood?

alveoli

Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis?

amytrophic lateral sclerosis

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

bicarbonate—carbaminohemoglobin—dissolved in plasma

All of the following are involved in the regulation of the rate and depth of breathing EXCEPT which one?

bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

A condition in which wheezing occurs with breathlessness and a persistent cough, and yields yellowish or greenish phlegm is

bronchitis.

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body. a. trachea b. bronchiole c. pharynx d. alveoli e. larynx

c, e, a, b, d

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they

can have alveoli attached to them.

The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by

carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

All of the following are involved in the process of breathing EXCEPT which one?

circulatory system

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration?

contraction of the diaphragm

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

dead space volume.

Which one of the following muscles separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation.

In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen?

in a tissue with a neutral pH

The respiratory control center is located

in the medulla oblongata.

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body.

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin

is bound to carbon dioxide.

During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which one of the following structures of the respiratory system?

larynx

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the

larynx.

External respiration is the process of

moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue.

Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?

paralysis of muscles used for breathing

Which of the following is a penetrating wound resulting in collapse of the lung?

pneumothorax

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to

pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases.

All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one?

residual volume

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

smooth muscle

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

A little girl was playing in the snow one day and found that she was wiping her nose quite often. The "runny nose" that she was experiencing due to the cold temperatures resulted from

the slowed activity of nasal cilia.

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit.