respiratory system chapter 10

Arrange the following structures in the order from where air enters the body (at the top) to the terminal location of air in the lungs (at the bottom). Larynx Pharynx Bronchus Alveoli Nasal Cavity Bronchioles

1. Nasal Cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx 4. Bronchus 5. Bronchioles 6. Alveoli

Select all correct descriptions of the alveoli of human lungs.

A normal adult has about 300 million alveoli. Each alveolar sac is surrounded by blood capillaries. Alveolar walls are composed of simple squamous epithelium.

The fungal-like organism Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes pneumonia in patients with Blank_

AIDS

Which of the following conditions facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood cells of the lungs? Alveolar air contains a higher partial pressure of oxygen. Blood in pulmonary capillaries is low in oxygen. Blood in pulmonary capillaries is high in oxygen.

Alveolar air contains a higher partial pressure of oxygen. Blood in pulmonary capillaries is low in oxygen.

Select all correct descriptions of emphysema. Alveoli are distended and damaged. It is a bacterial disease that was once called consumption. It is often caused by smoking. Elastic recoil of the lungs is reduced. It is usually treatable with antibiotics.

Alveoli are distended and damaged. It is often caused by smoking. Elastic recoil of the lungs is reduced.

Which of the following characterizes acute bronchitis? An infection of secondary bronchi An upper respiratory infection A deep cough that expectorates mucus An infection of the primary bronchi An infection of the alveoli

An infection of secondary bronchi A deep cough that expectorates mucus An infection of the primary bronchi

Where does external respiration take place? Between capillary blood and cells of the body Inside the body cells to produce ATP Between the alveoli of the lungs and capillary blood

Between the alveoli of the lungs and capillary blood

Which of the following conditions facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood cells of the lungs? Blood in pulmonary capillaries is high in oxygen. Blood in pulmonary capillaries is low in oxygen. Alveolar air contains a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

Blood in pulmonary capillaries is low in oxygen. Alveolar air contains a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

Select all of the characteristics of pneumonia. An upper respiratory infection Can be a bacterial infection Symptoms include high fever and chills. Usually accompanied by hoarseness Often preceded by influenza

Can be a bacterial infection Symptoms include high fever and chills. Often preceded by influenza

Select all of the following that describes expiration. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Rib cage moves down and in. Internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs inward. Pressure in the lungs decreases.

Diaphragm relaxes and moves up. Rib cage moves down and in. Internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs inward.

Select all correct descriptions of the structure of human lungs. Each lung lobule contains many alveoli. There are two lungs on the right side of the trachea, but only one lung on the left. Each lung lobe is divided into many lobules. Each alveolus is further divided into many subalveoli. Each lung is divided into lobes.

Each lung lobule contains many alveoli. Each lung lobe is divided into many lobules. Each lung is divided into lobes.

Select all obstructive pulmonary disorders from the list. Emphysema Asthma Pulmonary fibrosis Chronic bronchitis Laryngitis

Emphysema Asthma Chronic bronchitis

Ventilation includes which of the following? Multiple select question. Inspiration Transport of gases from tissues to lungs Transport of gases from lungs to tissues Expiration

Inspiration Expiration

What does breathing include?

Inspiration Expiration Ventilation

The vocal cords are located within the cartilaginous structure called the , which is also called the voice box.

Larynx

In humans, the respiratory control center is located in which part of the brain? Multiple choice question. Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

Select all components of the upper respiratory tract.

Nasal cavities Larynx Pharynx

Which respiratory illnesses is most often characterized by a high fever? Acute bronchitis Pneumonia Lung cancer Chronic bronchitis

Pneumonia

Which of the following are symptoms of sinusitis? Postnasal discharge Pain and tenderness over the lower forehead Facial pain that worsens when the patient bends forward Pain and tenderness in the neck White patches on a dark red throat

Postnasal discharge Pain and tenderness over the lower forehead Facial pain that worsens when the patient bends forward

What is the definition of inspiration?

The conduction of air from the atmosphere to the lungs

what is the definition of inspiration? Multiple choice question. The conduction of air from the atmosphere to the lungs The exchange of gases at the cellular level The act of breathing The conduction of air from the lungs to the atmosphere

The conduction of air from the lungs to the atmosphere

Which of the following describes chronic bronchitis? There is a loss of cilia and their normal cleansing action. Alveoli are distended and damaged. Airways are unusually sensitive to specific irritants. Airways are filled with mucus. Airways are inflamed.

There is a loss of cilia and their normal cleansing action. Airways are filled with mucus. Airways are inflamed.

How does the structure of the alveoli enhance lung function? They increase the speed of inhalation and exhalation. Their maze-like shape makes the lung more resistant to infection. They increase the surface area for gas exchange. They are filled with fluid that enhances gas transfer.

They increase the surface area for gas exchange.

If tonsillitis is frequent and/or severe, the tonsils can be removed in a surgical procedure called a(n)

Tonsillectomy

During inhalation, which structure does air enter immediately after it passes through the larynx?

Trachea

Bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium cause pulmonary

Tuberculosis

Inspiration occurs because a creation of a partial vacuum in the bronchioles causes air to enter the lungs the diaphragm relaxes and moves up a creation of a partial vacuum in the alveoli causes air to enter the lungs the rib cage moves down and in

a creation of a partial vacuum in the alveoli causes air to enter the lungs

Match the letter of the component of the human upper respiratory tract in the given diagram with its correct name.

a-sinus b-nasal cavity c-hard palate d-uvula e-tonsils f-epiglottis

Match the letter of each indicated component of the human upper respiratory tract with its correct name.

a-tonsil b-nasopharnyx c-oropharnyx d-laryngopharnyx e-glottis f-larynx

As a jet airplane takes off, passengers may experience a "popping" sound in their ears due to (). air from the middle ears escaping through the auditory tubes air being forced through the tympanic membranes endolymph in the inner ear causing pressure on the oval window tears in the tear ducts being forced into the nasal cavities

air from the middle ears escaping through the auditory tubes

A condition characterized by wheezing and inability to breathe when exposed to irritants such as pollen, smoke, or chemical fumes is emphysema bronchitis asthma pulmonary fibrosis

asthma

In some individuals, irritants can cause smooth muscle spasms in the bronchi and bronchioles called a(n) attack.

asthma

The air pressure inside the middle ears and nasopharynx is usually equal because the two structures are connected by eustachian tubes, which are also called () tubes.

auditory

In humans, the rhythm of breathing is ultimately controlled by a respiratory control center located in the aorta lungs brain heart

brain

The trachea attaches directly to two tubes that lead into the lungs. These tubes are called the primary

bronchi

An infection of primary and secondary bronchi is called acute

bronchitis

Match each component of the human upper respiratory tract with its function.

capillaries-warm and moisten the air hairs-filter the air and trap small particles mucus-trap dust and move it to the pharynx

The partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue fluid is lower than that of the blood because the tissue cells are using oxygen as a reactant in cellular respiration external respiration internal respiration fermentation

cellular respiration

The lungs are located in the () cavity.

chest

During chronic bronchitis, the bronchi commonly lose appendages called , () which function to cleanse the respiratory passages.

cilia

Select the muscles that contract during inspiration. Multiple select question. Internal intercostals Diaphragm External intercostals Abdominal wall muscles

diaphragm external intercostals

The respiratory disorder that permanently decreases the surface area for gas exchange in the lungs is called

emphysema

The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx is the .

epiglottis

The passive phase of breathing, requiring no effort, is called

exhalation

Exhaling air from the lungs is called

expiration

Exhaling air from the lungs is called Blank______. Multiple choice question. External respiration Expiration Ventilation Inspiration

expiration

Gas exchange between air in the alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries is called internal respiration cellular respiration external respiration

external respiration

True or false: Because tonsillitis cases are increasing in number, it is more common now to remove them surgically than in past decades.

false

what is the function of the hairs located in the nasal cavity? Multiple choice question. Detect odors Detect air pressure Filter the air Provide a mucus barrier

filter the air

Most oxygen in the blood is carried in red blood cells attached to oxyhemoglobin in red blood cells free in the cytoplasm as CO2 free in the plasma

in red blood cells attached to oxyhemoglobin

Breathing in is called , and breathing out is called .

inhale; exhale

The act of moving air into the lungs is called (or inhalation).

inspiration

The exchange of gases between blood in capillaries and individual cells is called () respiration.

internal

Gas exchange that occurs between tissues of the body and the blood is called

internal respiration

The medical term for infection (or inflammation) of the larynx is

laryngitis

The cartilaginous organ between the pharynx and the trachea, which contains the vocal cords in humans, is called the larynx esophagus pharynx glottis

larynx

The vocal cords are located within the cartilaginous structure called the , which is also called the voice box.

larynx

In humans the () lung normally has two lobes, and the () lung has three lobes.

left; right

The bronchial tree, lungs, and trachea are components of the () respiratory tract.

lower

Oxygen diffuses out of the blood into the tissues because the partial pressure of oxygen of tissue fluid is______ that of blood. the same as higher than lower than

lower than

The two cone-shaped organs on either side of the heart in the thoracic cavity are the

lungs

In lung diseases like asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis, air cannot flow freely through the airways, thus these are called () pulmonary disorders.

obstructive

The portion of the respiratory system that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx is the (). pharynx trachea auditory tube bronchus

pharynx

The respiratory passages that lead directly from the trachea into the lungs are the left and right bronchioles primary bronchi tracheae alveoli

primary bronchi.

Sinusitis results when the () are blocked with nasal congestion,

sinuses

The medical term for inflamed, enlarged tonsils is

tonsillitis

The tube that extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi is the

trachea

The windpipe is also called the .

trachea

Place the following in the correct sequence as air would flow through them while entering the human respiratory system.

trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli

True or false: Expiration is the same as exhalation.

true

True or false: Persistent hoarseness may indicate a serious medical condition.

true

True or false: The pharynx is also referred to as the "throat".

true

Pulmonary tuberculosis is named for the tendency of the body to build protective capsules around areas where Mycobacterium bacteria have invaded host tissues. The medical term for one of these encapsulated areas is a(n

tubercle

The larynx, nasal cavities, and pharynx are components of the () respiratory tract.

upper

The technical term for the process of moving air into and out of the lungs is

ventilation

The technical term for the process of moving air into and out of the lungs is countercurrent exchange inhalation ventilation inspiration

ventilation