Sports Management Test 1
Scientific Management (Taylorism)
"One best way". Entices with economic reward.
Sports Business Revenue in US
$214 Billion
Cost of Superbowl Commercial
$4 Million
Valid Contract
-Offer and acceptance (mutual assent) -Consideration (value) -Capacity -Legality (subject matter legal and not against public policy)
Pass-by Interview
-On-site interview in heavy traffic areas such as malls. -San Jose Sharks logo and color changed as a result of PBI.
Club
-Organize, sponsor and promote local events. -Entry only if member. -Volunteer Management.
Pro Tournament
-Private groups set eligibility. -Relies on sponsors. -Even is focus, not just sport.
League
-Run like business. -Financial risk. -Strict rules. -Small leagues. -Equal footing.
Color Barrier in Negro League Baseball
1920
First Women's Baseball Team
1943
Color Barrier in MLB
1947
Roone Arledge
ABC Monday Night Football. Combined entertainment and sports for prime time TV.
Tort
An injury as result of another's improper conduct.
Fred Corcoran
Architect of Golf Tournament
First Ancient Olympics
BC 776
Victorian Era's Effect on Baseball
Believed that strong athletic character meant strong moral character. Cleaned up the game: no beer in parks, no games on Sunday. Caused racism because of "biological disadvantages".
Contract Breach
Breaking a promise in the contract.
Jackie Robinson
Broke color barrier in MLB.
Althea Gibson
Broke color barrier in tennis. First African American woman to join the LPGA
Billie Jean King
Broke gender barrier in tennis.
Relationship Marketing
Building mutually satisfying long term relations with parties. Ex: Loyal fan gift rewards, special access to players and info.
Antitrust Law
Cannot make contracts, combinations or conspiracies that restrain trade. Prohibits monopolies.
First Professional Baseball Team
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Appointed Leader
Coach
Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA)
Contract agreed on by players association and owners about hours, wages, and employment terms.
William Hulbert
Created National League of Professional Baseball Players. The "czar" of baseball.
Mark McCormack
Credited for inventing Sports Marketing. Late 1960s.
Gross Negligence
Defendant acts recklessly and fails to realize harm caused.
Human Relations Management
Emphasis on social factors.
Return on Investment (ROI)
Expected $$ value return on each alternate investment.
Andrew "Rube" Foster
Father of Black Baseball
Arthur Ashe
First black player ever selected to US Davis Cup team. Only black man to win singles titles at WImbledon, the US Open, and the Australian Open.
Matt Levine
Formalized customer research with audience audit, intercepts, focus groups, pass-by interviews. Pass-by interview changed San Jose Sharks colors and logo.
Christine Grant
Former president of Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) and championed Title IX.
Pierre de Coubertin
Founder of Modern Olympic games.
Organizational Politics
Four political tactics: -Coalitions -Outside experts -Links/Networks -Control information
History of the National League
Harness racing became popular and resulted in a non-profit orientated league with baseball. The National Association of Pro Baseball Players was formed in 1871 and required payment to elite players but still depended on patronage of well-off members and was very unstable. William Hulbert took over and renamed it to The National League of Pro Baseball players. Teams were now owned and run like businesses, teams compete not collude, strict rules, forced financial risk to owners, and regular scheduling. Therefore it was more stable.
Hawthorne Studies
Human Relations Management emphasizing feeling and worth.
Mary Parker Follet
Human Relations Management emphasizing partnership and cooperation.
Organizational Behavior
Human side of management and organizations.
Emergent Leader
Identified player
NASSM
National Association Society of Sports Management. -Promotes research and encourage scholarly study of sport management.
Effa Manley
Newark Eagles. First woman in baseball hall of fame. First modern female sport manager.
Ambush Marketing
Occurs when an organization misappropriates trademarks, logos, and goodwill of events or organization.
D.I.M. Process
One method to establish risk management program. 1) Develop risk management plan. 2) Implement plan. 3) Manage plan.
Judy Sweet
One of 1st AD.
Defendant
Person being sued or defending.
Plaintiff
Person suing or attacking.
Reserve System (baseball)
Prevented players from free agency until 1970s.
Types of Sport Marketing
Sport Broadcasting, Sponsorship, Promotional Strategies, Research.
Bill Veeck
Team must provide reasons other than game to attend sport events. 1. Greatest joy to greatest number. 2. Ensure pleasurable time. 3. Create conversation.
Buffy Filipell
Teamwork online.
Negligence
Unintentional tort. Most common.
Albert G. Spalding
Use of the word "official".
Mary Loud Youngblade
WSS & WISC
Contract
Written or oral agreement between two or more parties; creates legal obligation to fulfill promises.