Respiratory System Mechanics

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Expiratory reserve volume(ERV)

amount of air that can be forcefully expired after a normal tidal volume expiration (male 1200 ml;female, 700 ml)

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

amount of air that can be forcefully inspired after a normal tidal volume inspiration (male;female, 1900 ml)

What causes the negative pressure condition?

- the tendency of the lung to recoil because of its elastic properties, the surface tension of the alveolar fluid - the tendency of compressed chest wall to recoil and expand outward, two forces pull the lungs away from the thoratic wall, creats a partial vacume in pleural cavity

How do you find the total lung capacity?

TV + IRV + ERV +RV=TLC

How do you find the vital capacity?

TV + IRV + ERV=VC

surfacant

a detergent-like mixture of lipids and proteins that decreases surface tension, reduces the attraction of water molecules to each other

diaphragm

a dome shaped muscle, flattens as it moves inferiority while the external intercostal muscles lifts the ribs

expiration

air is expelled from the lungs

inspiration

air is taken into the lungs

Residual Volume(RV)

amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration

residual volume (RV)

amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration (male, 1200 ml; female,1100 ml)

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

amount of air that can be expelled when the subject takes the deepest possible inspiration and forcefully expires as completely and rapidly as possible

external intercostal muscles

between the ribs, lifts the rib cage as the diaphragm flattens

ventilation

breathing, the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Surfactant

detergent-like mixture of lipids and proteins that decreases surface tension by reducing the attraction of water molecules to each other

Minute Respiratory Volume (MRV)

is the volume of gas inhaled or exhaled from a person's lungs per minute

Total lung capacity (TLC)

maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort: TLC= TV+IRV+ERV+RV (male, 6000 ml; female, 4200 ml)

Total Lung Capacity

maximum amount of air contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort

Vital Capacity

maximum amount of air that can be inspired and then expired with maximal effort

Vital Capacity (VC)

maximum amount of air that can be inspired then expired with maximal effort: VC=TV+IRV+ERV (male, 4800 ml; female, 3100 ml)

Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)

measures the amount of the vital capacity that is expired during the first second of the FVC test (normally 75%-85% of the vital capacity)

Pneumothorax

opening created in the pleural membranes equalizes the intrapleural pressure with atmospheric pressure by allowing air to enter the pleural cavity, collapsed lung

interplural pressure

pressure in the pleural cavity

Tidal volume

the amount of air inspired and then expired with each breath under resting condidtions (500mL)

surface tension

unequal attraction produces tension at the liquid surface


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