Respiratory System Quiz

As the tension of vocal folds in the larynx increase, the voice becomes ________. a. higher in pitch b. louder c. lower in pitch d. more distinct

a

Atelectasis (lung collapse) renders the lung useless for ventilation. a. True b. False

a

Hemoglobin has a much greater affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen. Which principle explains why a hyperbaric chamber (containing high levels of oxygen) can treat carbon monoxide poisoning? a. Henry's law b. Charles' law c. Dalton's law d. Boyle's law

a

Inspiratory reserve volume.

a

Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli. a. True b. False

a

Pharynx

a

Smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia. a. True b. False

a

Strong emotions and pain, acting through the limbic system and hypothalamus, send signals to the respiratory centers that modulate respiratory rate and depth. a. True b. False

a

The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for oxygenation of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the lung structures (tissue). a. True b. False

a

The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall. a. True b. False

a

The symptoms of hyperventilation may be averted by breathing into a paper bag because it ________. a. helps retain carbon dioxide in the blood b. helps retain oxygen in the blood c. reduces brain perfusion by constricting cerebral blood vessels d. lowers blood pH levels

a

Which of the following is responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall? a. surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity b. the smooth muscles of the lung c. the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone d. the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs

a

Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? a. C-shaped cartilage rings b. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium c. surface tension of water d. surfactant production

a

Which of the following refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs? a. pulmonary ventilation b. external respiration c. internal respiration d. gas exchange

a

Match the following: NO exchange of gases occurs here. Secrete a fluid containing surfactant. Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins. Composed of simple squamous epithelium. Terminates in alveoli. Composed of cuboidal cells. The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and ________. Answer Choices A. Segmental (tertiary) bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Type I alveolar cells D. Alveolar duct E. Type II alveolar cells

a, e, b, c, d, e, c

A drop in blood pH is likely to cause a slower breathing rate. a. True b. False

b

As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood, it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the Haldane effect), which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ions to be generated (the Bohr effect). a. True b. False

b

Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________. a. thalamic control b. voluntary cortical control c. stretch receptors in the alveoli d. temperature of alveolar air

b

Increased temperature results in decreased O2 unloading from hemoglobin. a. True b. False

b

Larynx

b

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic. a. True b. False

b

Respiratory control centers are located in the ________. a. upper spinal cord and medulla b. medulla and pons c. pons and midbrain d. midbrain and medulla

b

Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation. a. Surfactant helps increase alveolar surface tension. b. As alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required. c. A lung that is less elastic will require less muscle action to perform adequate ventilation. d. A decrease in compliance causes an increase in ventilation.

b

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. a. humidifying the air before it enters b. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the c. surface tension of alveolar fluid d. protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations e. warming the air before it enters

b

The average individual has 500 ml of residual volume in his lungs. a. True b. False

b

The erythrocyte (red blood cell) count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________. a. basal metabolic rate is higher at high altitudes b. concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes c. concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes d. temperature is lower at higher altitudes

b

The left lung differs from the right in that the left lung has ________. a. an oblique fissure b. a cardiac notch c. three lobes d. a wider and more vertical primary bronchus

b

The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________. a. chloride shifting b. ventilation-perfusion coupling c. the Haldane effect d. the Bohr effect

b

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________. a. acidosis b. increase of carbon dioxide c. loss of oxygen in tissues d. alkalosis

b

The paired lungs occupy the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. a. True b. False

b

The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________. a. Charles' law b. Boyle's law c. Henry's law d. Dalton's law

b

Tidal volume.

b

Which of the choices below is NOT a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin? a. temperature b. number of red blood cells c. partial pressure of carbon dioxide d. partial pressure of oxygen

b

According to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, PO2 in the lungs of 100 mm Hg results in Hb being 98% saturated. At high altitude, there is less O2. At a PO2 in the lungs of 80 mm Hg, Hb would be ________ saturated. a. 98% b. 100% c. 95% d. less than 50%

c

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________. a. less than the pressure in the atmosphere b. greater than the intra-alveolar pressure c. greater than the pressure in the atmosphere d. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere

c

Expiratory reserve volume.

c

How is the bulk of carbon dioxide transported in blood? a. chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells b. chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin c. as bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering the red blood cells d. as carbonic acid in the plasma

c

Inspiration occurs when the ________ is less than the ________. a. tidal volume; vital capacity b. intrapleural pressure; transpulmonary pressure c. intrapulmonary pressure; atmospheric pressure d. thoracic cavity volume; lung volume

c

Inspiratory capacity is ________. a. the total amount of exchangeable air b. functional residual capacity c. the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration d. air inspired after a tidal inhalation

c

Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood. a. During conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently. b. During normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs carries one molecule of O2. c. A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal. d. Increased BPG levels in the red blood cells enhance oxygen-carrying capacity.

c

The Bohr effect refers to the unloading of ________ in a RBC due to declining blood pH. a. BPG b. chloride ions c. oxygen d. carbon dioxide

c

The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases ________. a. Henry's law b. Boyle's law c. Dalton's law d. Charles' law

c

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II alveolar cells. The function of type II alveolar cells is to ________. a. replace mucus in the alveoli b. trap dust and other debris c. secrete surfactant d. protect the lungs from bacterial invasion

c

Trachea

c

Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? a. molecular weight and size of the gas molecule b. solubility in water c. partial pressure gradient d. the temperature

c

Which of the following is a conducting zone structure? a. respiratory bronchiole b. alveolar sac c. terminal bronchiole d. alveolar duct

c

Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? a. alveolar ducts b. alveolar sacs c. alveoli d. respiratory bronchioles

c

Which structure is lined with simple squamous epithelium? a. oropharynx b. nasopharynx c. alveolus d. trachea

c

Match the following: TV + IRV + ERV + RV. ERV + RV. TV + IRV + ERV. TV + IRV Answer Choices A. Vital capacity B. Inspiratory capacity C. Total lung capacity D. Functional residual capacity

c, d, a, b

Air that does not participate in the exchange of gases.

d

For inspiration of air, which of the following happens first? a. thoracic cavity volume decreases b. intrapulmonary pressure drops c. air (gases) flows into lungs d. diaphragm descends, thoracic volume begins to increase, and rib cage rises

d

In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________. a. not present except where it is combined with carrier molecules b. greater than the oxygen combined with hemoglobin c. about equal to the oxygen combined with hemoglobin d. only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in blood

d

Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________. a. pressure within the pleural cavity b. difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure c. negative pressure in the intrapleural space d. pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

d

Main (primary) bronchus.

d

Residual volume.

d

The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________. a. reserve air b. expiratory capacity c. vital capacity d. inspiratory reserve volume

d

Using spirometry, a patient discovers their forced expiratory volume (FEV) after the first second is 40%. What does this suggest? a. obstructive pulmonary disease b. exposure to asbestos c. healthy lungs d. restrictive disease

d

Which bone does NOT contain paranasal sinuses? a. frontal b. ethmoid c. maxillary d. temporal

d

Which of the following determines lung compliance? a. flexibility of the thoracic cage b. airway opening c. muscles of inspiration d. alveolar surface tension

d

Which of the following is NOT a stimulus for breathing? a. acidosis resulting from CO2 retention b. rising carbon dioxide levels c. arterial PO2 below 60 mm Hg d. rising blood pressure

d

Which of the following is true regarding normal quiet expiration of air? a. It depends on the complete lack of surface tension on the alveolar wall. b. It requires contraction of abdominal wall muscles. c. It is driven by increased blood CO2 levels. d. It is a passive process that depends on the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration.

d

Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract or relax during forced expiration, for example blowing up a balloon? a. diaphragm would contract, external intercostals would relax b. external intercostals would contract and diaphragm would relax c. diaphragm would contract, internal intercostals would relax d. internal intercostals and abdominal muscles would contract

d

Carina of trachea.

e