revel chapters 4,9,11

Secondary sex characteristics

In 5th grade, Marcia started noticing that her breasts were developing and that her shorts were getting tighter because her hips were bigger. What are these noticeable changes in the body called? Primary sex characteristics Secondary sex characteristics Müllerian system Adolescence

83%

In a study on inattentional blindness, what percentage of radiologists failed to detect the intentional insertion of the image of a gorilla in CT scans? 13% 8% 88% 83%

happiness; sexual satisfaction

In general, marriage is a good predictor of ________, health, _______, and income level. instability; mental illness contentment; conflict resolution happiness; sexual satisfaction happiness; longer life

It shifted the increase and decrease of melatonin in their bodies to 2 hours earlier to correspond with the natural light-dark conditions.

In order to study sleep in natural conditions, researchers took people out to camp in the woods for one week. What did they discover about the influence of natural light on the participant's biological clocks? Their biological clocks were reset so they were sleepy at 5 p.m. and wide awake at noon. It shifted the increase and decrease of melatonin to 2 hours later each night. No change was noted in their biological clocks. It shifted the increase and decrease of melatonin in their bodies to 2 hours earlier to correspond with the natural light-dark conditions.

Less than 10 percent

In surveys, what percent of Americans identify themselves as LGBT (lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender)? 30 percent 25 percent 15 percent Less than 10 percent

REM

In which stage of sleep do vivid dreams typically occur? N2; non-REM REM N1; non-REM N3; non-REM

slightly more often

Individuals from racial/ethnic minorities appear to self-identify as LGBT _______________ than White Americans. slightly less often at rates 2-3 times more often at rates 2-3 times less often slightly more often

Decline in vision, strength, reaction time, and stamina as we age

It is rare to see a baseball player or football player stay in the professional game past age 40. What contributes to this phenomenon? Younger players push them out of the game Increase in illnesses Drug use and steroid overdose Decline in vision, strength, reaction time, and stamina as we age

30%

Jaebok stayed up studying most of the night for his calculus final. He only slept about 4 hours. According to research, his memory and cognitive functioning will be decreased by approximately what percentage? 10% 75% 30% 50%

insomnia

Janel goes to sleep at night around 11 p.m. and usually drifts off quickly. She wakes up every morning at 3:45 and tosses and turns for 2 hours until she falls into a restless sleep to wake up at 6:30 feeling tired and groggy. She struggles throughout her day to stay awake and concentrate. Janel most likely suffers from which sleep disorder? Restless legs syndrome Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep apnea

procreation

Joaquin is a 21-year-old college student who enjoys an active sex life. He participated in a survey on the reasons he engages in sexual behavior. One of the reasons that he did NOT likely list was ____________. relationship closeness availability of partners physical enjoyment procreation

graduate from high school

Julie is 15 years old and has her first long-term serious boyfriend. He is pressuring her to have sex, but she is concerned about getting pregnant. She just read a brochure that stated that teen moms are less likely to ________. graduate from high school drop out of high school divorce their partner be good parents

cognition; attention

Justin installed a blue tooth device in his car. He now believes he will be safe from distracted driving because he does not have to use his hands to hold his phone. Justin doesn't understand that distracted driving stems from impaired _______ caused by redirection of ________. attention; cognition cognition; attention attention; perception perception; attention

sleepwalking; NREM

Katie who is 10 years old will occasionally find herself asleep at the foot of her parents' bed in the morning, even though she went to sleep in her own bed. She never remembers leaving her room and walking to her parents' room. Katie is experiencing _______, which tends to occur during ______ sleep. sleepwalking; NREM nightwalking; NREM sleep terrors; REM sleepwalking; REM

Authoritative

Keesha grew up in a home where there were guidelines and rules. She was expected to complete chores, do her best in school, and be respectful. Her parents also gave her praise when she did well, hugged her before she left for school, and told her they loved her. She was able to talk to them about her ideas and offer her own opinions, even if they differed from her parents. This is an example of what type of parenting? Authoritarian Neglectful/Uninvolved Authoritative Permissive

Clique

Keneesha, Tory, and Bev have been best friends since the seventh grade. They do everything together and share all their secrets. They gossip about boys, and when one of them has a problem they call each other rather than their moms. This is considered which type of peer group? Crowd Clique Besties Cohorts

physiological dependence

Kirsten started taking her mother's prescription for Vicodin. While this drug use doesn't appear to be significantly affecting her life in any way, she has noticed over the past few months that she needs to take more Vicodin to feel its effects. Kirsten is experiencing ____________. physiological dependence a substance use disorder all of the answers are correct withdrawal

Vgotsky's theory of cognitive development

Latetia, age 5, has learned to do simple addition problems through using small objects in her environment like toys. Her teacher has assisted her in this process and now is challenging Latetia to use subtraction in her work. As Latetia gains confidence in each stage, the teacher allows her to do the problems on her own. Latetia's teacher is using the process of scaffolding based on which theory of cognitive development? Piaget's theory of cognitive development Vgotsky's theory of cognitive development Information-processing theory of development Social emotional theory of development

reason

Luke is an 18-year-old who argues with his parents about politics. He feels very strongly that the United States should have a comprehensive socialized medicine program. This demonstrates his ability to ___________, or organize information and his beliefs into coherent arguments. judge have conceptual thoughts reason think concretely

spatial; verbal

Males have shown a slight advantage in _________ skills, while females have shown a slight advantage in ____________ skills. verbal; memory spatial; verbal memory; language intellectual; relational

While the differences between male and female verbal and spatial skills have been widely researched, the differences are quite small.

Marcus and Suri are on a road trip driving across the United States. Marcus states that he should navigate because men have better spatial skills than women. Suri replies that While the differences between male and female verbal and spatial skills have been widely researched, the differences are quite small. There are no reliable studies that prove conclusively the differences between male and female brains. Those differences are just because men are told they are better at spatial skills and no real differences exist. Women have superior intelligence in both verbal and spatial skills.

accommodation

Marcy was 3 years old when she went to the zoo for the first time. She saw her first leopard and called it a "kitty." Her mother responded, "that is a leopard, which looks like a kitty but is much bigger and has spots." The next time Marcy saw a leopard, she said "leopard!" This is an example of Piaget's notion of ____________. accommodation concepts schemas assimilation

cultural influences impacting sexual behavior

Maria grew up in a culture and home with strict morals about a woman's sexuality. Women were not supposed to have sexual feelings or engage in sexual activity until married. As a result, when Maria married, she thought negatively about sex and was very scared of her own sexual responses. This is an example of ____________. cultural influences impacting sexual behavior sexual stigma leading to sexual dysfunction appropriate response to new behavior inappropriate reaction to a normal stage in life

Psychological

Markita promised her parents she would stop smoking marijuana. Every time she worried about school and bills, she would remember how marijuana relaxed her and made her feel good. She ended up smoking again and again, even though she hated disappointing her parents. This is an example of what type of dependence? Tolerance Psychiatric Physiological Psychological

direct; indirect

Men are more likely than women to engage in _________ aggression, while some studies have shown that women are slightly more likely than men to engage in ________ aggression. direct; indirect verbal; direct verbal; physical indirect; direct

Using the substance in risky situations

Mia gets so drunk at college parties that she passes out and wakes up in a different location. She is not concerned about her behavior; however, her actions would fit into which diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder? Using the substance in risky situations Impaired control over the substance (cravings) Social impairment—failing to fulfill responsibilities Physiological dependence, including tolerance and withdrawal

normal because they are consenting adults enjoying their relationship

Mick and Daphne are adults who enjoy dressing up in each other's clothing and tying each other up during sex. They both consent to this behavior, and it increases their sexual desire. This behavior is considered ____________. pathological transvestic disorder paraphillic disorder normal because they are consenting adults enjoying their relationship

depressant; endorphins

Narcotics are a type of __________that work by stimulating the body's internal pain management system or ___________. stimulants; opiates depressant; opiates stimulant; endorphins depressant; endorphins

more

Natal males (those born as biological males) are _______ likely to develop gender dysphoria compared to natal females (those born as biological females). equally less not more

names

Neural processing slows in older adulthood, which means older adults take more time to react and remember _______. names how to perform certain tasks vocabulary words past events

Preconventional morality

Nunzio, an 8-year-old boy, stole a candy bar from the grocery store. His parents never found out about it, and Nunzio didn't feel it was wrong because he was never punished for it. This level of reasoning would fit into which of Kohlberg's stages? Conventional morality Postconventional morality Preconventional morality Social justice

positive; positive and negative

Older adults recall more _______ events, while younger adults recall both ___________ events. social; social and work positive; positive and negative negative; positive and negative work; social and work

zygote

Once a sperm and egg have fused into a single fertilized cell, it is called a(n) ____________. ovary zygote embryo blastocyst

moral reasoning and moral action

One criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that there is no distinction between ____________. moral reasoning and moral action thoughts and feelings conventional and postconventional reasoning preconventional and postconventional reasoning

Body Restoration

One of the many reasons psychologists believe we need to sleep is that our bodies tire during the day, and sleep helps the body recuperate and function at maximum capacity. This is a description of which theory? Body Restoration Preservation and protection Growth Circadian

circadian rhythm

Our ___________is a biological clock responsible for the regulation of body temperature and levels of arousal during our sleep and wake cycle. sleep rhythm biological rhythm circadian rhythm hypothalamus

minimal

Overall, research suggests that gender differences in the areas of intelligence and memory are ___________. significant nonexistent minimal moderate

Anxiety about self-image and appearance

People commonly dream of their teeth falling out; if you ascribe to the idea that dreams have hidden meanings, what is a way to interpret this dream? Phobia about brushing teeth Anxiety about a test Anxiety about self-image and appearance Worried about going to the dentist

altered

Petra feels really alive and an overwhelming sense of well-being after her 4-mile morning run. We could say Petra has entered a(n) __________state of consciousness after exercise. altered waking meditative intentional

tolerance; withdrawal

Physiological dependence on a substance typically includes __________ and __________ tolerance; withdrawal withdrawal; memory loss tolerance; emotional cravings emotional cravings; restlessness

ageism

Prejudice against the elderly is called ____________. sexism stereotyping ageism racism

Recent research shows a decrease in the gender gap on mathematical performance measures.

Professor Fisher states that men are better than women at math, which is why you see more men in the science and math departments. Rosales, who is a student, replies that Men's brains are just wired to perform mathematical calculations. Men are better naturally at math, but women can work harder and become good at math. Research has shown that men are gifted at math and women are gifted at verbal reasoning. Recent research shows a decrease in the gender gap on mathematical performance measures.

20-25

Quincy notices that he feels much more focused and aware later in the day and struggles to concentrate in his 8 a.m. meeting at work. Based on his circadian rhythm, Quincy is most likely in what age group? 20-25 65-70 50-55 40-45

4

Rina works hard all week long. On the weekend, she engages in binge drinking with her friends. How many drinks must she have in one night for it to be considered binge drinking? 5 10 7 4

By providing internal stimulation of neurotransmitters within the brain instead of the person seeking external

Ritalin, a stimulant drug, is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. How does a stimulant help people who already have difficulties with distraction and hyperactivity? By helping them sleep better and therefore think more clearly By calming down the nervous system so they can focus and be less hyper By reducing the amount of neurotransmitters in the brain By providing internal stimulation of neurotransmitters within the brain instead of the person seeking external stimulation

Foreclosure

Ross has decided that he is a Republican just like his parents and embraces their religious values as well. He has never questioned his parents' beliefs or ideas. He has also decided to attend the university they chose for him and the course of study they believe he needs to pursue. According to Marcia's categories, Ross is in which stage? Moratorium Foreclosure Identity achievement Identity diffusion

"time of renewal"

The Japanese term for menopause, "konenki," means ____________. "fatigue" "time of renewal" "sadness" "aging"

activity

The ______________theory of aging suggests that elderly people are happiest when they stay active and involved in the community. disengagement socioemotional selectivity activity Erikson

delta

The brain waves with the highest amplitude are referred to as _________ waves. delta alpha beta theta

unknown

The cause of sexual orientation is ________. environmental factors unknown genetic factors childhood sexual abuse

erotic plasticity

The concept of _____ argues that women's sexuality may be less strongly felt and more fluid than men's sexuality. sexual orientation identity erotic orientation identity erotic plasticity sexual crisis plasticity

control

The conflicts that parents and adolescents engage in while the adolescent is in the process of forming their own identity are usually about __________. curfew control friends attending church

18 and 25

The developmental period of emerging adulthood typically occurs between the ages of ____________. 18 and 25 30 and 40 25 and 30 15 and 18

memories

The information-processing perspective on dreaming suggests dreams allow us to consolidate experiences from the day into ___________. stories brain waves unconscious wishes memories

nature vs. nurture

The question of whether a person's development is more influenced by genetics or by life experience is considered ____________. stability vs. change nature vs. stability continuity vs. discontinuity nature vs. nurture

information processing

The theory that cognitive development is like a computer model where the environment provides the input and the human mind is a "computer processor" that encodes, stores, and transforms information to produce some output is called ___________. assimilation information processing accommodation scaffolding

continued; late adolescence and early adulthood

The trend for women to delay childbirth until their late 20s or early 30s has ___________ while the peak years for female fertility are ____________. decreased; late adolescence and emerging adulthood increased; early to mid-thirties continued; early to mid-thirties continued; late adolescence and early adulthood

Narcolepsy

This disorder involves excessive daytime sleepiness and periodic, uncontrolled sleep attacks that may leave the sufferer falling asleep at odd and inconvenient times. Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Cataplexy Insomnia

Gender schema theory

When Suki was asked what role she wanted in the school play about the Wild West, she said she would be the cook for the cowboys because girls aren't rowdy. Which theory of gender development best explains Suki's behavior? Social learning theory Gender schema theory Androgynous behavior Gender development

Adrenal androgen

Which hormone increases in production during puberty and plays an important role in the development of sexual interest? Testosterone Estrogen Adrenal androgen Adrenaline

Testosterone

Which hormone influences the sexual drive in both females and males? Androgen Adrenaline Estrogen Testosterone

Dopamine

Which neurotransmitter receptors does methamphetamine destroy in the brain? Serotonin Endorphin Dopamine Noreprinephrine

Problem-solving

Which of the following abilities is most affected by functioning of the frontal lobes of the brain? Expression of anger The ability to identify right from wrong Problem-solving Visual perception

Unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse

Which of the following behaviors puts someone at the highest risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI)? Oral sex Unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse Kissing Vaginal or anal intercourse using a condom

Alcohol

Which of the following can lead to a decreased level of consciousness? Nicotine Focused meditation Running Alcohol

depressants = Alcohol; stimulants = Amphetamine; narcotics = Vicodin;

Which of the following correctly pairs the class of drugs with specific drugs from that class? depressants = Methadone; stimulants = Cocaine; narcotics = Caffeine; hallucinogens = Heroin depressants = Alcohol; stimulants = Amphetamine; narcotics = Vicodin; hallucinogens = LSD depressants = Cocaine; stimulants = Methamphetamine; narcotics = LSD; hallucinogens = Xanax depressants = Alcohol; stimulants = Psilocybin; narcotics = Vicodin; hallucinogens = Valium

Janis sees a bat and says, "Birdie"! Her mother says, "That flies like a bird, Janis, but that is a bat." Janis begins pointing and saying, "Bat! Bat! Bat!"

Which of the following examples best represents Piaget's notion of accommodation? Ryan sees a picture of a nurse feeding a patient. He points to the nurse and says, "Mommy." He then points to the patient and says, "Baby." Roberto looks in the hotel room, points to the mini-fridge, and says "toybox." Janis sees a bat and says, "Birdie"! Her mother says, "That flies like a bird, Janis, but that is a bat." Janis begins pointing and saying, "Bat! Bat! Bat!" Julia points to a grazing sheep and says, "Horsie."

All of the choices

Which of the following is an example of a sociocultural influence on sexual behavior? All of the choices Religion Social norms Media

A preschool boy draws a prize out of a grab bag. Upon seeing the purple stuffed animal, he angrily exclaims "I don't want this - purple is a girl color!"

Which of the following is an example of gender schema theory? Keisha believes that she was fired after taking maternity leave due to her supervisor's belief that mothers are not as dedicated to their jobs. A preschool boy draws a prize out of a grab bag. Upon seeing the purple stuffed animal, he angrily exclaims "I don't want this - purple is a girl color!" After watching his mother apply her makeup, Lincoln sneaks into her cosmetics drawer later that morning and puts on lipstick, blush, and mascara. Three-year-old Eva is provided with a choice between two toys. She immediately selects the car and refuses to play with the doll.

Sensorimotor stage

Which of the following stages of cognitive development occur first according to Piaget's theory? Sensorimotor stage Formal operational stage Preoperational stage Concrete operational stage

Cognitive development is primarily influenced by cultural experiences.

Which of the following statements is true of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development? None of these answers are correct. Cognitive development can be likened to a computer model where the environment provides the input and the human mind is a "computer processor" that encodes, stores, and transforms information to produce some output. Cognitive development is primarily influenced by cultural experiences. Cognitive development occurs through a predictable series of stages involving the processes of assimilation and accommodation.

Sexual orientation exists on a continuum.

Which of the following statements regarding sexual orientation is accurate? People describe their sexual orientation as clearly either heterosexual or homosexual. Sexual orientation exists on a continuum. Sexual orientation and gender identity are the same. The way people behave sexually defines their sexual orientation.

Someone does not have to be exclusively homosexual or heterosexual but can feel varying degrees of both.

Which of the following statements suggests that sexual orientation exists on a continuum? Sexual orientation is an either/or issue. Someone does not have to be exclusively homosexual or heterosexual but can feel varying degrees of both. People clearly identify as either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. People experience sexual orientation as a dichotomy between heterosexuality and homosexuality.

Frontal lobes

Which part of the brain is not fully developed in adolescence? Temporal lobes Frontal lobes Limbic system Occipital lobes

Gonads

Which sex organs are the first to develop? Ovaries Testicles Gonads Androgens

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Which sexually transmitted infection can lead to cervical cancer or other cancers? Gonorrehea Human papillomavirus (HPV) HIV Syphillis

Social learning theory

Which theory of gender development focuses on the role of observational learning and reinforcement? Gender identity development theory Social learning theory Role theory Gender schema theory

Masters and Johnson

Which two researchers were responsible for groundbreaking findings regarding the physiology of sexual behavior? Masters and Johnson Masters and Kinsey Kinsey and Johnson Johnson and Johnson

Dropout rate of participants; large amount of time and effort required

While longitudinal studies produce valuable data, there are some limitations to these research designs. What are two of the problems? Cohort effects; dropout rate of participants Large amount of time and effort required; cohort effects Dropout rate of participants; researchers are not interested in these types of studies Dropout rate of participants; large amount of time and effort required

Conventional morality

You forget to pay for the big bag of dog food on the bottom of your cart at Wal-Mart, and your neighbor in the next checkout lane notices. If you go back to pay for the dog food because you want to be seen as a good person to your neighbor, this is an example of which stage of Kohlberg's morality? Right versus wrong Conventional morality Postconventional morality Preconventional morality

Sex; gender

______ is our biological classification while _______ is our psychological classification along the continuum of maleness and femaleness. Y chromosome; X chromosome Gender; sex X chromosome; Y chromosome Sex; gender

Subliminal

_________ perception is an example of awareness without attention. Focused Subliminal Divided Subclinical

hypnagogic jerk

Andre sometimes will wake himself up because his body jerks as he is drifting off to sleep and he says it feels like he is falling. Researchers refer to this bodily sensation as a _______________. hypnagogic jerk drifting hallucination hypnopompic perception hypnagogic hallucination

stability versus change

As a child, Liam was an outgoing boy who made friends easily. Today, he is the top salesman in his company and he is still outgoing and engaging. Liam's case would be interesting to developmental psychologists studying the consistency of traits and characteristics over time to answer the question of ____________. developmental age versus chronological age nature versus nurture continuity versus discontinuity stability versus change

Late 20s

At what age do most people in Western societies achieve total independence and identify themselves as adults? Mid-20s Late 20s Early 20s Early 30s

6 months

At which month of pregnancy does the fetus have fully developed organs and a chance of survival if born prematurely? 6 months 4 months 7 months 5 months

Difficult

Baby George is 4 months old. He typically has a hard time falling asleep and then only sleeps 2 hours at a time. George doesn't like it if the routine changes and usually responds with crying and frustration. He only wants to be held and fed by his mother and cries when passed off to another person. George would be considered what type of temperament? Anxious Difficult Slow-to-warm Easy

"physically" erotic images; erotic materials with a storyline

Ben and Leslie have been married for 5 years. Their sexual relationship is still active and exciting, but, similar to findings related to gender differences in sexual arousal, they have learned that Ben is stimulated more by _______ and Leslie is stimulated more by ___________. "physically" erotic images; erotic materials with a storyline nonphysical images; physical images romantic images; erotic images erotic materials with a storyline; physically erotic images

Primary sex characteristics

__________ are the sexual organs present at birth which are directly involved in human reproduction. Secondary sex characteristics Primary sex characteristics Mullerian system Wolffian system

androgynous

Ben is a nurse who is known as gentle and nurturing with his patients. On his days off, he plays soccer with his children. Ben's wife Nikki is a president of a bank and is known for making tough decisions and being an independent thinker. Her hobbies are cooking and sewing. Both Ben and Nikki exhibit what Sandra Bem calls _________ traits. androgynous masculine gender-typed neutral

androgynous

Ben is a nurse who is known as gentle and nurturing with his patients. On his days off, he plays soccer with his children. Ben's wife Nikki is a president of a bank and is known for making tough decisions and being an independent thinker. Her hobbies are cooking and sewing. Both Ben and Nikki exhibit what Sandra Bem calls _________ traits. androgynous masculine gender-typed neutral

Transitioning

__________ refers to the period of time when a transgender individual begins to live as the gender with which they identify. Homosexuality Transitioning Transgender Gender identity disorder

Social connectedness

__________ refers to the quality and number of meaningful relationships an individual may have among friends, family, and the community. Social independence Social dominance Social connectedness Social individualism

Cross-sectional; longitudinal

___________ research designs show a decline in intelligence with age, while ____________ research designs show more stability in intelligence over time. Population study; case study Case study; population study Cross-sectional; longitudinal Longitudinal; cross-sectional

Gender dysphoria; sexual orientation

____________ refers to a mismatch between gender and biological sex resulting in distress, while ________ refers to the gender to which someone is sexually attracted. Sexual identity; sexual orientation Sexual orientation; gender dysphoria Gender dysphoria; sexual orientation Sexual orientation; sexual identity

Theta

____________ waves emerge in sleep Stage N1 and continue into Stage N2. Theta Delta Alpha Beta

depressants; decrease

Benzodiazepines come from the class of drugs called _______________, which ______________ the functioning of the central nervous system. narcotics; increase depressants; increase depressants; decrease narcotics; decrease

alert wakefulness; N2

Beta waves are associated with ___________, while theta waves are characteristic of the __________ stage. drowsiness; N2 alert wakefulness; N2 alert wakefulness; REM drowsiness; N1

Go to bed and get up at the same time each day

Billy is having trouble with insomnia. He has difficulty going to sleep and wakes up numerous times throughout the night. Based on what you know about sleep hygiene, what should you recommend he start doing? Read a book on his phone before going to sleep Go to bed and get up at the same time each day Stop drinking anything with caffeine Engage in intense exercise 1 hour prior to going bed

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

Bob was genetically born a male but due to the failure of androgen receptors when he was a fetus, he developed female genitalia. This condition is referred to as ___________. external genitalia syndrome complete androgen insensitivity syndrome Wolffian syndrome hermaphroditism

delta

Brain waves that are lowest in frequency and highest in amplitude are called _____________ waves. alpha delta beta theta

teratogen

Brittany is 12 weeks pregnant and has been drinking a few beers followed by a glass or two of wine a night. She hasn't told her doctor, but she knows from looking online that alcohol is considered a(n) _________ that can have an extremely negative impact on the development of her baby. stimulant teratogen addiction-potential zygote

14-17

Cal was worried because of how much his newborn son was sleeping. He called the doctor to check how many hours a typical 2-month-old sleeps. The doctor told him newborns are supposed to sleep _____ hours each day. 10-13 14-17 11-14 12-15

indirect

Celeste takes unflattering pictures of her classmates and posts them on Instagram, encouraging others to write mean and hateful captions about the pictures. This behavior would be labeled _________ aggression. verbal indirect physical direct

Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

Chen is a 2-year-old who likes to dress himself and insists on helping with the dishes, even though he makes a mess cleaning them up. He likes to feed the family dog, even though he spills the food all over the place. He insists that he can do things by himself. Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages would Chen be in? Trust vs. mistrust Industry vs. inferiority Initiative vs. guilt Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

Stage W || Beta Waves; Stage N1 || Alpha Waves; Stage N2 || Theta Waves; Stage N3 || Delta Waves

Choose the correct pairing of characteristic brain waves with their stages of sleep. Stage N3 || Theta Waves; Stage N2 || Delta Waves; Stage N1 || Beta Waves; Stage W || Alpha Waves Stage W || Beta Waves; Stage N1 || Alpha Waves; Stage N2 || Theta Waves; Stage N3 || Delta Waves Stage W || Alpha Waves; Stage N1 || Beta Waves; Stage N2 || Theta Waves; Stage N3 || Delta Waves Stage N1 || Beta Waves; Stage N2 || Alpha Waves; Stage N3 || Delta Waves; Stage W || Theta Waves

the activation-synthesis hypothesis.

Cyan told her friend that she believes her dreams are just random neural activity and they have no deeper meaning. Cyan believes in: the activation-information mode model. Freud's manifest content. the activation-synthesis hypothesis. the information-processing theory.

sexual orientation; gender identity

Darcy identifies as a gay man and Selah identifies as a transgender woman. Darcy is referring to _____________ while Selah is referring to ____________. sexual orientation; gender identity sexual preference; gender identity gender identity; sexual orientation sexual behavior; sexual orientation

chronological age

Darius is a 6-year-old boy who can throw and catch a ball like a 10-year-old. Researchers would say that his developmental age is more advanced than his_______________. chronological age normative age cohort age cross-sectional age

assimilation

DeShawn learned to call his father "Daddy" and then began calling other men "Daddy," including the police officer, mail carrier, and nurse. This is an example of Piaget's process of ____________. assimilation preoperational schemas accommodation

decrease; barbiturates;

Depressants _____________ the functioning of the central nervous system. Some examples of these drugs include alcohol, __________, and ____________. decrease; barbiturates; benzodiazepines increase; cocaine; amphetamines decrease; nicotine; benzodiazepines increase; barbiturates; nicotine

Cross-sequential study

Dr. Samuelson wants to study the impact of social media on the friendships of 20-, 40-, 60-, and 80-year-olds. He plans to follow each age group for 10 years and study their use of social media and their relationships. What type of study is Dr. Samuelson conducting? Longitudinal study Cross-sectional study Normative study Cross-sequential study

Monozygotic twins raised in different homes and dizygotic twins raised together

Dr. Tomas is interested in studying how a person's biological makeup vs. environment affects criminal behavior. Who would be the ideal candidates for this study? Monozygotic twins raised together and dizygotic twins raised apart Monozygotic twins raised in different homes and dizygotic twins raised together Prison inmates with criminal parents Teenagers who have been in juvenile lockup

Lower IQ score

Drew is an 18-year-old senior in high school. He has been using marijuana for 2 years on a daily basis and believes it has no long-term side effects. What does the research show as a potential side effect for Drew? Feeling more calm and rational Lower IQ score Decreased conflict with parents in adolescence Higher test scores from reduced anxiety

psychoactive

Drugs that alter brain functions resulting in changes in consciousness, perception, and/or mood are called ___________ drugs. narcotic psychoactive depressant stimulant

physical; direct

During a sporting event, two opposing fans get into an argument, and one of them threatens to punch the other in the face. This is an example of both _______ and ________ aggression. physical; indirect direct; indirect physical; direct indirect; verbal

Postconventional morality

During the civil rights movement in the 1960s, people broke state laws so that Black people could sit where they wanted to on the bus or drink from the same water fountain or use the same bathroom as white people. Kohlberg would say these people were operating at which stage of morality? Preconventional morality Conventional morality Ethical social justice Postconventional morality

250,000

During the second trimester, a fetus creates ________neurons a minute. 1,500 15,000 2,500 250,000

Embryonic period

During which stage of pregnancy is the developing baby most susceptible to damage from harmful agents like drugs or alcohol? Conception Germinal period Embryonic period Fetal period

Discontinuous model

Ellie is a healthy 12-month-old baby. She has been crawling for several months but her mother recently looked up to see Ellie walking over toward her in a wobbly fashion. When her mother described the day to Ellie's pediatrician, she stated, "it was like she took a giant step over night in her development." This is an example of which type of developmental model? Discontinuous model Continuous model Nurture model Stability model

fraternal birth order

Elliott is 25 and has identified his sexual orientation as gay since he was 15 years old. He has three older brothers and no older sisters. One theory that might help explain his sexual orientation is known as the _____ effect. fraternal birth order sibling sexuality maternal birth DNA sharing

verbal reasoning skills

Erin has excelled on the debate team in high school. She is skilled at understanding complex concepts, developing arguments to support her ideas, and expressing those arguments verbally. This set of skills is known as __________. spatial reasoning skills verbal reasoning skills intelligence processing speed

not closely supervised

For most people to enjoy their work, it needs to be complex, varied, and ________. supervised pay a high salary closely supervised not closely supervised

Social learning theory

Fraternal 3-year-old twins, Ben and Bella, dressed up in their mother's high heel shoes. Their mom exclaimed "Bella, you look so beautiful!" but said to Ben "those look so silly on you." Ben immediately went and put on his father's loafers instead. Which theory of gender development best explains this scenario? Gender schema theory Social learning theory Stereotype theory Gender identity theory

Pedophillic disorder

Gerald is a 38 year old man who only becomes sexually aroused by prepubescent children. He states that the children are willing and that they like it. He is considered to have which paraphillic disorder? Sexual sadism disorder Voyeuristic disorder Exhibitionistic disorder Pedophillic disorder

Physical contact from a caregiver is more important than nourishment or food when attachments are being formed.

Harry Harlow's famous study in the 1950s about infant attachment could be summarized in these few words: There is no difference between physical contact or nourishment from the caregiver in regard to attachment. Nourishment or food from the caregiver is the primary way that attachment is formed. Attachment is solely based on the child's temperament. Physical contact from a caregiver is more important than nourishment or food when attachments are being formed.

Frontal lobe

Henry is 16 years old and has had his driver's license for 2 months. He and his friend are drinking beer while driving around town one night. They decide to drive down country roads with the lights off as fast as they can. This is an example of lack of maturation in which part of the brain? Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Amygdala

Henry is no more likely to be gay than a child raised in the home of heterosexual parents.

Henry was raised by lesbian mothers. Lola gave birth to him through artificial insemination and the use of donor sperm. He is 15 years old now. What does research suggest about the chances of Henry being gay? There is an increased chance of Henry being gay due to the influence of having two female parents. There is an increased chance of Henry being heterosexual due to the influence of lesbian parents. Henry is no more likely to be gay than a child raised in the home of heterosexual parents. There is a decreased chance of Henry being gay due to being raised by lesbian parents.

narcotic; decreases

Heroin is classified as a ________ and directly _______ stress-related emotions. stimulant; increases hallucinogen; decreases narcotic; increases narcotic; decreases

talked to more often and treated more gently; played with more roughly

Huan and Abrielle know they are having a baby girl in 2 months. They have discussed that they want to avoid the stereotypes for gender in regard to colors and toys for their child, but they are not sure they can avoid the way others interact with their child. Research shows that girls are _________ and boys are __________. quieter and sleep more; rowdier and sleep less given toy trucks; given princess dolls talked to more often and treated more gently; played with more roughly left to cry it out; rocked more often

zone of proximal development

A 5-year-old may struggle to complete a puzzle by himself, but when his mother helps him he is able to accomplish the task. This is an example of what Vygotsky called _____________. zone of proximal development conservation adaptive learning assimilation

significant; distress

A person can be diagnosed with a substance use disorder when the pattern of drug use causes _________ impairment or ___________ in the person's life. school; dysfunction significant; distress cognitive; dysfunction social; distress

Identity vs. role confusion

According to Erikson's theory, which crisis is to be resolved in adolescence? Identity vs. role confusion Intimacy vs. isolation Identity diffusion Identity foreclosure

unconscious; wishes

According to Freud, the latent content of our dreams is __________ and contains the repressed _______ and drives of the dreamer. conscious; memories unconscious; memories unconscious; wishes conscious; wishes

Conventional

According to Kohlberg, someone who makes a moral decision by focusing on the opinions of others and conforming to social laws is likely at which level of moral reasoning? Preconventional Postconventional Conventional Punishment/obedience

Episodic

According to several studies, females perform slightly better at which type of memory tasks? Semantic Procedural Sensory Episodic

8-10; 7

Adolescents need _____ hours of sleep each night but on average only get ______ hours of sleep each night. 9-10; 7 8-10; 7 10-12; 9 7-9; 8

Stepping, Babinski, grasping, Moro, and rooting

After baby Lorenzo was born, the nurses checked him for these five reflexes to make sure he was a functioning normally. Stepping, Babinski, grasping, Moro, and rooting Sucking, rooting, hearing, seeing, and grasping Grasping, sucking, stepping, breathing, and rooting Hearing, seeing, sucking, stepping, and rooting

social learning theory

After watching her older brothers play football, Lilly grabbed her friend and tackled her to the floor. Her mother scolded her and stated "that's not very ladylike." The next time she played with the same friend, she was very careful and gave her a big hug. This is an example of which theory? gender schema theory gender identity development theory role theory social learning theory

There is little one can do to rush motor skill development. Babies have to have adequate muscular and neural maturity to reach developmental milestones.

Sa'dia is an 18-month-old girl whose parents use flash cards to teach her the alphabet and simple words, they use videos and music to teach her other languages, and they use infant swimming and movement classes to improve her coordination. Despite all these classes, Sa'dia walked at 12 months and spoke her first word at 13 months. What would developmental psychologists tell Sa'dia's parents? There is little one can do to rush motor skill development. Babies have to have adequate muscular and neural maturity to reach developmental milestones. Overstimulation can result in a decrease in motor skills. Increase the rate of classes and rewards so that your child can reach her full developmental peak. Keep up the good work, and it will eventually pay off with advanced developmental abilities.

a substance use disorder and physiological dependence

Sam has been taking opioids she buys from her friend for more than a year. She has spent all her savings on buying these pills and is considering dropping out of school so she can work more to make more money to buy drugs. If she goes too long without taking a pill, she begins to sweat and feel nauseated. Sam is experiencing ______________. neither physiological dependence nor a substance use disorder a substance use disorder and physiological dependence physiological dependence but no substance use disorder a substance use disorder but no physiological dependence

"It's against the law to leave the scene of an accident so I'll leave a note."

Saul backed into a car in a parking lot when no one was around. He debates about whether to leave a note or not. Which of the following suggests that Saul is at the conventional level of moral reasoning? "No one saw me so I'll just leave." "If I get caught I'll be in even bigger trouble so I'll leave a note." "It's against the law to leave the scene of an accident so I'll leave a note." "Driving away without leaving a note would not be just."

Erectile disorder

Sean is 55 years old and has been married for 20 years. He is still interested in sexual intercourse with his wife, but he suffers from the inability to achieve or maintain an erection at times during sex. What is this disorder called? Premature ejaculation Hypoactive sexual arousal disorder Erectile disorder Delayed ejaculation

beta, alpha, theta, delta

Select the correct order of brain waves from actively awake to deep sleep. beta, alpha, theta, delta theta, beta, delta, alpha alpha, beta, theta, delta beta, theta, delta, alpha

social norms

Sexual behavior can be influenced by __________, or the spoken and unspoken rules about what is considered appropriate. social norms religious morals cultural influences social behavior

43 percent; 31 percent

Sexual dysfunctions have a high prevalence rate with as many as _________ of women and __________ of men reporting problems at some point in their lives. 75 percent; 15 percent 43 percent; 31 percent 90 percent; 50 percent 10 percent; 5 percent

internal; external

Sexual thoughts that lead to physiological arousal can be caused by both ________ stimuli such as thoughts and memories and ________ stimuli such as erotic images or videos. physical; cognitive internal; external external; internal cognitive; physical

emerging adulthood

Seyon is a 24-year-old college graduate with a job that does not pay enough for him to pay rent. He lives with his parents and works at the local Starbucks while he looks for a job. His parents pay his cell phone bill and his car insurance. He is considering going back to school to get a graduate degree. He is in the stage of life called ____________. emerging adulthood early adulthood late adolescence boomerang children

secondary sex characteristics

Shania has been looking for her breasts to develop since she was in fifth grade. She thinks she is the only girl in seventh grade who does not have a bra. She has noticed some underarm hair growing and is hopeful that she will start developing breasts soon. Shania is worried about the development of __________. primary sex characteristics secondary sex characteristics ovaries hormones

dementia

Sofia, a 65-year-old woman, can't seem to remember if she has eaten breakfast each day. She also doesn't remember that her granddaughter called to tell her she was going to stop by to visit. She seems to be forgetting more things and doesn't want her family to know. Sofia may be showing signs of ____________. brain tumor Parkinson's disease menopause dementia

Moral reasoning and moral action

Tabby's friend asked her if she would honestly tell her if she liked her new outfit and Tabby responded "of course I'll tell you the truth." However, the same friend got a new haircut that Tabby did not like but Tabby told her friend she thought it looked great. This example highlights the difference between: Moral thinking and moral reasoning Conventional moral reasoning and Postconventional moral reasoning Preconventional moral reasoning and Conventional moral reasoning Moral reasoning and moral action

N3

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine changed the sleep cycle system in 2012 and now recognizes which stage of sleep as the deepest stage? N4 N3 Stage R (REM) N2

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

This small part of the hypothalamus controls the circadian clock and is responsive to light. Hypothalamus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Pineal gland Optic chiasm

Open monitoring meditation

This type of meditation trains a person to become a nonjudgmental observer of all their thoughts and emotions. Focused attention meditation Samatha meditation Open monitoring meditation Hatha meditation

mother's

Tobias is a 44-year-old gay man who has researched his family history extensively. Consistent with research findings regarding the genetics of sexual orientation, he discovered that he has numerous male relatives on his _________ side of the family that are also gay. mother's fathers' grandfather's grandmother's

physical aggression

Tomas is a 5th grader who is caught at recess throwing rocks at the girls and kicking some of the boys. This type of behavior is known as ____________. physical aggression indirect aggression verbal aggression distinct aggression

Gender schema theory

Tony is a 5-year-old boy who loves to play with dolls and play house. When he enters kindergarten, he notices that most of the girls do those activities while the boys play ball and tag. He goes home and tells his dad that he is going to start playing ball and tag at recess because that is what boys do. Which theory of gender development best explains Tony's decision to change activities? Gender learning theory Gender conformity Social learning theory Gender schema theory

recall of information

Tyrone is 18 years old and challenges his 55-year-old father to a memory test. Tyrone would be most likely to win a memory test based on ____________. recall of information memory of past events recognition of information short-term memory

cephalocaudal rule

Tyrone is a 12-month-old who, like most other children, was able to hold his head up, roll over, and sit up before he could walk. This sequence of motor skill development follows the ________. cephalocaudal rule motor development rule proximodistal rule synaptic pruning

Puberty

What are the physical changes in an adolescent's body that lead to sexual maturation called? Adrenal androgens Puberty Hormonal shifts Menopause

Xanax

What is one of the most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines on college campuses? Valium Ativan Seconal Xanax

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

What is the correct order of the phases of the sexual response cycle? Plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution Plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution Excitement, plateau, resolution, orgasm

Caffeine

What is the most widely used stimulant drug in the world? Nicotine Ritalin Methamphetamines Caffeine

Less than 1 percent

What percentage of adults have a diagnosis of gender dysphoria? 5 percent More than 15 percent Less than 1 percent 10 percent

Hypothalamus

What structure of the brain has been linked to sexual orientation? Amygdala Limbic system Hypothalamus Thalamus

Cross-sectional study

What type of research study examines individuals of different ages at one point in time to track the differences related to age? Cross-sequential study Longitudinal Cross-sectional study Cohort study

"Actually, the cause of sexual orientation is currently unknown."

What would be an accurate response to two people arguing about whether sexual orientation is due to genetics or brain structures? "Actually, the cause of sexual orientation is currently unknown." "The research clearly supports a genetic cause responsible for sexual orientation." "The research clearly supports the fact that brain structures are the underlying cause of sexual orientation." "Neither of you are correct. Sexual orientation is caused by prenatal hormones."