Review #9

People who hold positions of hierarchical authority are accorded expert power by virtue of the fact that they are office holders.

F

Reward, coercive, and legitimate power are all forms of personal power.

F

Compliance ensues when people conform to the wishes or directives of others so as to acquire favorable outcomes for themselves in return.

T

Expert power derives from the possession of expertise, knowledge, and talent.

T

Internalization is stimulated by the use of expert power, so long-term behavioral changes are quite probable when expert power is used.

T

McClelland coined the term nPow to refer to an individual's need for power.

T

Power is the ability both to influence the conduct of others and to resist unwanted influence in return.

T

Reward power is based on the ability to allocate desirable outcomes—either the receipt of positive things or the elimination of negative things.

T

Through internalization, people may adopt others' attitudes and behaviors because this course of action satisfies their personal needs.

T

Accommodation means satisfying one's own concerns as the expense of the others.'

f

Compromise seeks everyone's total satisfaction.

f

Conflict cannot indicate the need for change.

f

Important decisions stimulate more politics than unimportant decisions due to the effects of organizational size.

f

Setting an example does not work as a means of managing destructive politics.

f

Ongoing conflict tends to reduce a group's emphasis on task performance.

false

"Political indeterminism" means that the political pecking order among individuals or groups is unclear and subject to question.

t

A person occupying a liaison position is called on to mediate between groups if conflict actually emerges, resolving differences and moving the groups toward voluntary intergroup coordination.

t

An integrating manager can tell interdependent parties what to do to resolve conflict.

t

Bargaining between conflicting parties consists of offers, counteroffers, and concessions exchanged in a search for some mutually acceptable resolution.

t

Competition means overpowering other parties in the conflict and promoting one's own concerns at the other parties' expense.

t

Conflict can emerge in jurisdictional disputes when it is unclear who has responsibility for something.

t

Conflict occurs when parties exercise power in the pursuit of valued goals or objectives and obstruct the progress of other parties.

t

Conflict supplies feedback about the state of interdependencies and power distributions in an organization's structure.

t

Critical contingencies are the things that an organization and its various parts need to accomplish organizational goals and continue surviving.

t

Eventually, negative attitudes and perceptions of group members may lead to a decrease in communication among conflicting groups.

t

For conflict to emerge there must be divergence, or differences worth fighting over.

t

Forming coalitions enables people to share their collective control over rewards or punishments.

t

Impression management involves behaving in ways intended to build a positive image.

t

In cooptation, former rivals become transformed into allies, often by involving them in planning and decision-making processes.

t

Interdependence exists when individuals, groups, or organizations depend on each other for assistance, information, feedback, or other coordinative relations.

t

Machiavellianism is the tendency to seek to control other people through opportunistic, manipulative behaviors.

t

Matrix structures are the most complicated of the mechanisms used to coordinate group activities and resolve intergroup conflicts, and they are extremely costly to sustain.

t

Politics can be defined as activities in which individuals or groups engage so as to acquire and use power to advance their own interests.

t

Slack resources help decouple otherwise interconnected individuals and groups by creating buffers that lessen the ability of one party to affect the activities of another.

t

Superordinate goals are a set of performance targets that conflicting parties can achieve only by working together.

t

The creation of self-contained tasks involves combining the work of two or more interdependent parties and then assigning this work to several independent parties.

t

The critical contingencies model of power is based on the idea that "those [individuals or groups] most able to cope with [their] organization's critical problems and uncertainties acquire power."

t

In the critical contingencies model, high substitutability occurs when others can serve as substitutes and reduce the same sort of uncertainty.

true