Review Exam 1

when reading an empirical journal article "with a purpose" which section should you read first?

abstract

when conducting animal research, which guideline states that alternative to animal resarch

replacement

the belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report?

Justice

what should the introduction of a research report include?

a summery of recent research on the primary topic of interest

which is the first section of an empirical journal article?

abstract

what is the best description of a peer-reviewed journal article?

an article written by experts and reviewed by other professionals in the same field of study

which statement is an operational definition of "fear of snakes" that could assessed as a structured quesitons?

asking, "on a scale of 1-10, how afraid are u of snakes?"

after reading the chapter, Cyril says to himself, "I am sure other people might engage in faulty thinking, but I never would." what is Cyril experiencing?

bias blind spot

which allows us to make strong predictions using association claims?

both strong positive and strong negative associations

which studies would probably require written informed consent?

confidential study examining income levels and voting behavior

asking questions to get the answers we want is

confirmation bias

different factors that could account for significant results are called

confounds

a study suggesting a link between the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism led to reduced vaccination rates and increased rates of measles. This example demonstrates the serious implications of

data falsification/fabrication

what must a researcher do when using deception in an experiment?

debrief the participants afterwards

why might a researcher debrief his participants even if his study didn't include any deceptive elements?

decrease the likelyhood of data falsification

Dr. Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students. Which of the following validities is he prioritizing?

external validity

which is primary reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify data?

feel pressure to publish findings

what does the impact factor of a journal tell you?

how often, on average, papers in the journal have been cited

what does it mean to that behavioral research is probabilistic?

inferences draws from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases

why is it unethical to provide an incentive that is too large to refuse (ex: offering free tuition for a semester for participating)

it unduly influences people into participating

when examining the statistical validity of a frequency claim, look for the __

margin of error estimate

which ethical considerations is relevant to research with animals?

minimizing harm

from an ethical standpoint, in what way is researching prisoners with tuberculosis similar to researching children with ADHD?

participants have less autonomy

which ethical violations proposed by the Belmont report was not committed in the Tuskegee study?

participants were not given monetary payment for their time

in Milgram's experiments on obedience to authority, participants were led to believe that they were shocking the learner, this led to what type of problems

phychological

what is the best way to balance characteristics about participants that can lead to alternative explanations for findings?

random assignment

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other?

risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained

which is tru of variables?

some can be manipulated or measured

a common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to tv is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You are curious as to whether peer pressure is really to blame (peer pressure encourages you to watch tv and peer pressure encourages you to be aggressive). You are questioning which criteria of causation?

the third-variable criterion

which is a problem presented by the availability heuristic?

we do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can think of quickly

edited books consist of a collection of chapters ..

written by many different experts