Review Questions
The blood supply of the liver: A. comes mainly from the hepatic artery B. exits from the liver via the portal vein C. Drain into left atrium D. is mainly derived from portal vein E. enters and leaves the liver through sinusoids
is mainly derived from portal vein
The spinal cord is segmented like the vertebral column, but in contrast to the vertebrae, there are only _____ cord segments a. 28 b. 29 c. 30 d. 31 e. 32
31
The healthcare provider is providing teaching on pleural effusions. The healthcare provider understands that teaching has been effective when the patient states: 1. "A pleural effusion is accumulation of fluid in the airways of the lungs." 2. "A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity." 3. "A pleural effusion is an accumulation of blood in the airspace." 4. "A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the alveoli."
2. "A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity."
Skeletal muscles constitute: - 20% to 30% of body weight - 30% to 40% of body weight - 40% to 50% of body weight - 50% to 60% of body weight
40% to 50% of body weight
In epidermis, cells of stratum corneum contain: - Few degenerating organelles - Dark small nucleus - Bundles of keratin filaments - Keratohyalin granules
Bundles of keratin filaments
When foreign objects are aspirated into the trachea, they will usually pass into the right primary bronchus because: It is larger, straighter and shorter than the left It is more curved, longer and smaller than the left It is straighter, longer and larger than the left It is at a 90 degree angle to the trachea There really is no good reason
It is larger, straighter and shorter than the left
Lymphatic capillaries resemble blood capillaries because lymphatic capillaries A) have the same permeability as blood capillaries B) lead to the vena cava C) have a lining of endothelium D) are thick-walled tubes
have a lining of endothelium
The papillary layer is part of which layer? - Epidermis - Dermis - Hypodermis - Both a and b
Dermis
The reticular layer is part of which layer? - Epidermis - Dermis - Hypodermis - Both a and b
Dermis
Brunner's glands are found in the wall of: Duodenum Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Duodenum
A 15-year-old boy comes to the emergency department with a 3-hour history of acute scrotal swelling and pain that is associated with nausea. On physical examination, the scrotum is swollen and tender to palpation. Light stroking of the medial thigh does not elicit a reflex response.The muscle most likely involved in this patient's absent reflex is derived from which of the following abdominal wall layers? External oblique Internal oblique Rectus abdominis Transverse abdominal
Internal oblique
Portal triad of liver contain all of the following except: - Branch of the portal vein - A lymph vessel - Branch of hepatic artery - Branch of Bile duct
A lymph vessel
In which of the following movements, the little finger moves away from the ring finger? A. Abduction B. Adduction C. Flexion D. Extension E. Opposition
A. Abduction
Considering a person is in anatomical position, flexion usually occurs in the anterior direction. At which of the following places, flexion occurs in the posterior direction? A. Knee joint B. Shoulder joint C. Hip joint D. Elbow joint E. Fingers
A. Knee joint
Which of the following pairs of planes are at right angles to each other? A. median and frontal plane B. longitudinal and axial planes C. Paramedian and median planes D. Both "A" and "B"
A. median and frontal plane B. longitudinal and axial planes
A 27-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with acute, severe left-sided abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The patient is diagnosed with suspected left ovarian torsion and is sent to the operating room for surgical exploration. - The occluded blood vessel responsible for this patient's presentation is a direct branch of which of the following vessels? - Abdominal aorta - Inferior mesenteric artery Internal Iliac artery Ovarian vein - Uterine vein
Abdominal aorta
Which cells are responsible for synthesizing exocrine secretions of the pancreas? A. Acinar cells B. α Cells C. β Islet cells D. δ Cells E. Ductal cells
Acinar cells
Superficial fascia with very less fat is present at - Eyelid, clitoris - Abdomen, auricle of ear - Back of neck, eyelid - breast , scrotum
Eyelid, clitoris
The thoracic duct A. Enters the spleen. B. Directly drains the lymph nodes. C. Forms the interface between the lymph and blood. D. Transports T-cells from the bone marrow to the thymus. E. Is a part of the lamina propria
Forms the interface between the lymph and blood.
A researcher is investigating a new chemotherapeutic agent. The drug is administered to cultured cells. Upon analysis, the researcher observes activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Which of the following is most likely to be observed on electron microscopy? - Cell membrane disruption - Cellular swelling - Fragmentation of cell nuclei - Impaired DNA repair - Trapping and digestion of cellular organelles in lysosomes
Fragmentation of cell nuclei
Which of the following is most important in epithelial cell-to-cell communication? ● Belt desmosomes ● Gap junctions ● Hemidesmosomes ● Spot desmosomes ● Tight junctions
Gap junctions
sprain is ............. - An injury to the ligament. - An injury to the joint. - An injury to the muscle. - An injury to the fascia.
An injury to the ligament.
Langerhans cells - Found in between cells in Stratum basale - Oval in shape - Form melanin and transfer their pigment into keratinocytes - Antigen presenting cells
Antigen presenting cells
A term that means no urine production is..........., while Oliguria is .............. a) Scanty urination , Diuresis b) Anuria, Scanty urination c) Voiding, Nocturia d) Micturition, Scanty urination e) Anuria, Nocturia
Anuria, Scanty urination
Which valves would be open during the ventricular systole? a) Aortic and pulmonary b) Aortic and tricuspid c) Mitral and aortic d) Tricuspid and mitral e) Tricuspid and pulmonary
Aortic and pulmonary
Which of the following among axillary lymph nodes is a terminal group? A. Pectoral B. Central C. Lateral D. Apical
Apical
Which of the great vessels of the heart gives rise to the coronary arteries? a) Ascending aorta b) Pulmonary trunk c) Superior vena cava d) Inferior vena cava
Ascending aorta
Area 22 is classified a ....................... a. Visual area b. Motor speech area c. Auditory area d. Motor area
Auditory area
In the mature bone, the region where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis is: A) Diaphysis B) Metaphysis C) Periosteum D) Endosteum
B) Metaphysis
In most areas of the body, the hypodermis is rich in: - Macrophages - Fibroblasts - Fibrocytes - Blood vessels and Fat cells
Blood vessels and Fat cells
Which of the following is a squamous epithelium, that lines the medullary cavity of a bone, begins the formation of marrow? A) periosteum B) osteocytes C) endosteum D) trabeculae with osteoclasts
C) endosteum
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of this is to A) manufacture blood cells B) manufacture tissue cells for the skin C) store adipose tissue D) store bone forming cells
C) store adipose tissue
At what level of the vascular tree does metabolic exchange occur: - Capillary - Arteriole - Venule - Elastic artery - Muscular artery
Capillary
What are the main muscles involved in normal inspiration? Muscles of the neck Abdominal muscles Intercostal muscles Intercostals and the diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
thin plates that extend around the bone - Transverse Canal - Circumferential Lamellae - Central canal - Lacuna
Circumferential Lamellae
Which of the substances below is primarily found in tendons? a. Collagen b. Troponin c. Fibrillin d. Fibrin e. Fibronectin
Collagen
The lists below include four respiratory tract structures. Which list has them in the order that inhaled air would pass through them on the way to the lungs? Glottis, pharynx, conchae, trachea Nares, pharynx, larynx, conchae Conchae, pharynx, larynx, trachea Pharynx, conchae, trachea, glottis
Conchae, pharynx, larynx, trachea
All are true concerning stratum spinosum EXCEPT: - Present above the basal cell layer - Considered bags of keratin - Langerhans cells are present in this layer - Rich in desmosomes
Considered bags of keratin
An infant born at 34 weeks of gestation is evaluated for respiratory distress immediately after delivery. The mother received no prenatal care. The neonate was delivered by cesarean section for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate. The infant is breathing rapidly and has increased work of breathing and grunting on expiration. The physician orders immediate intubation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Which of the following describes the lung cells involved in the etiology of this infant's most likely syndrome? ● Cuboidal cells interspersed within the walls of the alveoli ● Dome-shaped, nonciliated cells in the bronchioles ● Enteroendocrine cells containing argentaffinic or argyrophilic granules ● Flat, nonciliated epithelial cells ● Pseudostratified ciliated cells in the walls of the bronchioles
Cuboidal cells interspersed within the walls of the alveoli
Parotid gland Capsule is a modified - Superficial Fascia - Deep Fascia - Dermis - Glandular tissue
Deep Fascia
Regarding histological structure of the submucosa of small intestine - Dense connective tissue poor in blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves, parasympathetic ganglia form "Meissner's plexus" - Dense connective tissue rich in blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves, sympathetic ganglia form "Meissner's plexus" - Dense connective tissue rich in blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves, parasympathetic ganglia form "Meissner's plexus" - Loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves, parasympathetic ganglia form "Meissner's plexus"
Dense connective tissue rich in blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves, parasympathetic ganglia form "Meissner's plexus"
At the base of the hair follicle, there is a ................, which contains the blood supply for the hair. - Central medulla - Internal root sheath - External root sheath - Dermal papilla
Dermal papilla
One statement below about the larynx is correct. Which one? It has walls lined with ciliated cells. It has walls made of cartilage. It has walls made of bone. It has walls made of muscle.
It has walls made of cartilage.
Mammalian pinna is supported by..... ● Hyaline cartilage ● Calcified cartilage ● Elastic cartilage ● White fibrous connective tissue
Elastic cartilage
Endocardium is formed of two layers a. Endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and Sub-endothelium(loose C.T.) b. Endothelium (simple columnar epithelium) and Sub-endothelium (loose C.T.) c. Endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and Sub-endothelium (dense C.T.) d. Endothelium (stratified squamous epithelium) and Sub-endothelium (loose C.T.)
Endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and Sub-endothelium(loose C.T.)
Regarding pancreatic histology: - Exocrine tissue cells are arranged in the form of acini - Exocrine tissue is called islets of Langerhans - Cells of exocrine tissue have few zymogens granules - Islets of Langerhans are separated by fibrous tissue barriers
Exocrine tissue cells are arranged in the form of acini
A gland is noted to secrete a watery, enzyme-containing substance into the GI tract, using a single straight tubule emerging from a secretory unit of cells that looks like a group of small sacs. Which of the following best describes this gland? ● Endocrine, saccular, serous ● Endocrine, alveolar, mucous ● Exocrine, acinar, serous ● Exocrine, acinar, mucous ● Exocrine, tubular, serous
Exocrine, acinar, serous
Regarding epidermis - It is avascular. - Poor in nerve endings. - It is non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium. - Composed only of 3 types of cells
It is avascular.
Glass like cartilage is :- • Hyaline cartilage • Fibrocartilage • Calcified cartilage • Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Nasal septum gets damaged. Its recovery requires cartilage called...... ● Fibrous cartilage ● Elastic cartilage ● Hyaline cartilage ● Calcified cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Which of the following is a major component of bone matrix? ○ Chondroitin sulfate ○ Hydroxyapatite ○ Nitric oxide ○ Type II collagen ○ Type IV collagen
Hydroxyapatite
Which of the following is NOT considered an epidermal appendage? - Sweat gland - Hair - Hypodermis - Nails
Hypodermis
Regarding muscularis externa arrangement: - In Stomach, the arrangement is only circular, and longitudinal - In Small Intestine, the arrangement is oblique, circular and longitudinal arrangement - In Large Intestine, the arrangement is oblique, circular and longitudinal arrangement - In Oesophagus, the arrangement is circular and longitudinal
In Oesophagus, the arrangement is circular and longitudinal
The act of breathing in (inhalation) involves expanding the thoracic cage. What does this cause the lung volume to do? Increase the pressure of the air in the lungs to decrease and atmospheric air to move into the lungs. Decrease, the pressure of the air in the lungs to decrease and atmospheric air to move into the lungs. Increase the pressure of the air in the lungs to increase and atmospheric air to move into the lungs. Decrease, the pressure of the air in the lungs to decrease and atmospheric air to move out of the lungs.
Increase the pressure of the air in the lungs to decrease and atmospheric air to move into the lungs.
A 36-year-old man comes to the physician because he and his wife have been unable to conceive over the past 14 months. He has had bilateral inguinal hernia repair. He reports moderate alcohol and marijuana use. His blood pressure is 136/94 mm Hg. The physical examination is normal. His serum testosterone level is normal. Semen analysis shows decreased volume and no detectable sperm. Testicular fine-needle biopsy findings reveal normal sperm number, morphology, and motility. Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient's infertility? Adrenal hyperplasia Alcohol use Inguinal hernia repair Varicocele
Inguinal hernia repair
Which of the following hormones increases the size of the white adipocyte lipid droplet? ● Cortisol ● Epinephrine ● Insulin ● Leptin ● Norepinephrine
Insulin
A 50 year old man dies from unknown causes. Tissues samples of myocardium, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle are taken from the same patient during an autopsy. Which of the following structures will most likely be present only in the myocardial tissue sample among the three muscle types sampled? - Capillary - Cross-striations - Intercalated discs - Mitochondria - Nucleus
Intercalated discs
How is cartilage different from bone and muscle? ● It is more rigid than bone, and more flexible than muscle. ● It is more rigid than bone, but less flexible than muscle. ● It is less rigid than bone, but it is more flexible than muscle. ● It is less rigid than bone, but it is less flexible than muscle.
It is less rigid than bone, but it is less flexible than muscle.
Regarding the descending part of the thoracic aorta - It is a component of the middle mediastinum - It begins at the beginning of the arch of the aorta - It passes to the abdomen at the level of T12 - It gives coronary arteries
It passes to the abdomen at the level of T12
A transition from non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium is revealed in a histological slide. The sample is taken from one spot of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the tissue types, which part of the GI tube is under examination? Junction of esophagus and cardia of stomach Junction of pylorus of stomach and duodenum Duodenojejunal flexure (junction) Junction of colon and rectum
Junction of esophagus and cardia of stomach
What are macrophages in the liver called? ● Dendritic cells ● Dust cells ● Kupffer cells ● Microglia
Kupffer cells
Branches of lymph capillaries inside villi of intestine are termed as - lymph nodes - thoracic duct - thoracic lymph duct - Lacteals
Lacteals
A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a left breast lump that was first noticed a few months ago. The patient does not believe the lump has changed in size even in relation to her cycle. The patient's aunt died from breast cancer at 45 years of age, which she only recently came to know about. Physical examination reveals no visible lump, but a palpable mass is present just under the skin on the lateral aspect of the left breast. It is a globular lump, soft, nontender, freely mobile, and has a smooth margin. Which of the following cells would most likely be observed in this biopsy specimen? ● Lymphocytes and plasma cells ● Stratified squamous cells with keratinization ● Cuboidal luminal cells and spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells ● Irregular network of collagen fibers and fibroblast nuclei ● Large, round, empty cells with peripherally displaced nuclei
Large, round, empty cells with peripherally displaced nuclei
A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of a slowly enlarging lump on her right shoulder. On physical examination, there is a painless, soft, and mobile subcutaneous nodule measuring 3 × 3 cm on her right upper extremity. There is no erythema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? ● Abscess ● Dermatofibroma ● Epidermoid cyst ● Lipoma ● Neurofibroma
Lipoma
The oblique fissure of the right lung separates which structures? Lower lobe from lingula Lower lobe from upper lobe only Lower lobe from both upper and middle lobes Lower lobe from middle lobe only Upper from middle lobe
Lower lobe from both upper and middle lobes
Spleen, thymus produce: - erythrocytes - thrombocytes - phagocytes - Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
The epidermal receptors for touch are: - Keratinocytes - Merkel cells - Melanocytes - Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
The lingula of the left lung is "similar" to which structure of the right lung? Superior lobe Inferior lobe Middle lobe Oblique fissure Horizontal fissure
Middle lobe
What is the innermost layer of the gastro-intestinal tract called? Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Adventitia
Mucosa
Where are you likely to find a circumferential lamella? A. As the outermost lamella within each osteon. B. Near the periosteum, in spongy bone tissue. C. Near the periosteum, in compact bone tissue. D. A and C. E. All of the above
Near the periosteum, in compact bone tissue.
What cell type do melanocytes differentiate from? - Dermal fibroblasts - Keratinocytes - Merkel cells - Neural crest cells - Stem cells in the stratum basale
Neural crest cells
Cartilage is...... • Nonvascular • Poorly vascular • Highly vascular • Irregularly vascular
Nonvascular
Broca's area is ....................... a. Occupies the precentral gyrus b. Occupies the posterior part of occipital lobe c. Lies on the inferior surface d. Occupies the inferior frontal gyrus
Occupies the inferior frontal gyrus
basic functional unit of compact bone; a repeating structural unit of bone consisting of a central canal, concentric lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi; also called a haversian system ● periosteum ● Osteon ● Lacuna ● lamellae
Osteon
The bifurcation of the trachea lies at about the level of the: Plane of the sternal angle Xiphisternal junction Second thoracic vertebra Attachment of the 4th costal cartilage to the sternum Plane of the jugular notch
Plane of the sternal angle
What are the membranes that surround each lung called? The: Parietal and visceral membranes Parietal and visceral meninges Pleura Peritoneum
Pleura
The classical hepatic lobule is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: - Corners contain branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct - A central vein constitutes the central axis - Polygonal appearance - Portal triad constitutes the central axis - Blood flows from the periphery of the lobule to a central vein via sinusoids
Portal triad constitutes the central axis
The main function of Brunner's glands is to: Protect the duodenum from the acidic content of stomach Provide an acidic condition for the intestinal enzymes to be active Protect the stomach from the acidic content of duodenum Lubricate the stomach wall
Protect the duodenum from the acidic content of stomach
A 24-year-old man is evaluated for infertility. Semen analysis reveals a normal number of sperm but an abnormal axoneme structure and function. Which of the following cell epithelia lines the portion of the testes where normal axoneme function typically begins? •Mucin-secreting columnar epithelium •Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia •Pseudostratified columnar epithelium without cilia •Simple cuboidal cell epithelium with luminal flagella •Tall simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
If you increased the left atrial pressure from 5 mmHg to 15 mmHg, what effect would that have on circulation? A. Decrease in right ventricular blood pressure. B. It would increase the speed at which blood moves through the pulmonary circulation. C. No change. D. Pulmonary circulation almost or completely stop.
Pulmonary circulation almost or completely stop.
On your ob/gyn rotation you have seen several women who have endometriosis. Because of your knowledge of anatomy, you know that any excess fluid that may result because of the endometriosis may accumulate in which of the following areas when you have the patient in a supine position? A. Hepatorenal pouch B. Rectovesical pouch C. Rectouterine pouch D. Vesicouterine pouch E. Pubovesical pouch
Rectouterine pouch
The walls of the trachea are held open by which of the following? Nerve impulses Rings of cartilage Fine bones Smooth muscle contractions
Rings of cartilage
A 2-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician due to poor growth and failure to meet developmental milestones. She is found to have an N-glycosylation deficiency disorder. Which of the following cellular structures is the site of synthesis for the molecules most likely defective in this child? - Endosome - Mitochondria - Proteasome - Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A 40-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of lethargy, confusion, and a fainting episode 2 hours ago. He was alert after he regained consciousness. Over the past 2 months he has gained more than 10 kg (22 lb). He takes no medications. The patient's father has a history of recurrent stomach ulcers despite multiple medications. Laboratory studies show a glucose concentration of 45 mg/dL and an increased C-peptide concentration. The hormone that is most likely causing this patient's symptoms is originally synthesized in which of the following structures? - Free ribosomes - Mitochondria - Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Secretory granules - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A 32 year old woman was brought to the clinic, by her husband, with complaints of severe stabbing pain in right lower abdomen and vaginal bleeding. She also had intermittent pain in her right shoulder, particularly while lying down. On questioning it is learnt that she had missed her period last month. She had also fainted once before being brought to the hospital and felt dizzy. Her blood pressure was found to be lower than the normal limits. Based on the clinical scenario mentioned above the MOST LIKELY diagnosis you would arrive at would be A. Appendicitis B. Ovarian tumour C. Normal menstruation D. Rupture of the fallopian tube
Rupture of the fallopian tube
Which of the following is usually the dominant pacemaker and fires the fastest? A. SA node. B. AV node C. His bundle. D. Purkinje fibers
SA node.
What ensures that the lungs expand as the chest wall expands? Secreted surfactant Negative pressure between the pleura Serous liquid secreted by the pleura The elastic recoil of the alveolar tissue
Secreted surfactant
Sebaceous gland is composed of two parts - Secretory part (flask shape) and Excretory duct (short, wide, opens in the hair follicle) - Secretory part (hexagonal shape) and Excretory duct (long, wide, opens in the hair follicle) - Secretory part (polyhedral shape) and Excretory duct (short, wide, opens in the skin surface) - Secretory part (oval shape) and Excretory duct (short, narrow, opens in the hair follicle)
Secretory part (flask shape) and Excretory duct (short, wide, opens in the hair follicle)
Stratum Corneum is - Several layers - Formed of polyhedral cells - Its cells have healthy organelles and mature keratin filaments - Its cells contain central nucleus
Several layers
Endothelial cells having multiple pores without diaphragms & resting on discontinuous basal lamina are characteristic lining of: - Continuous capillary - Fenestrated capillary - Sinusoidal capillary - Vasa vasorum
Sinusoidal capillary
Eccrine sweat glands - Has viscous secretion - Larger than apocrine sweat glands - Smaller than apocrine sweat glands - Open in the hair follicle
Smaller than apocrine sweat glands
What type of epithelium lines the tongue? Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple squamous epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which layer of the epidermis is also called the stratum germinativum? - Stratum basale - Stratum spinosum - Stratum granulosum - Stratum lucidum
Stratum basale
Which layer of the epidermis contains star shaped cells? - Stratum basale - Stratum spinosum - Stratum granulosum - Stratum lucidum
Stratum spinosum
Primary auditory area lies in a. Inferior temporal gyrus b. Supratemporal plane of superior temporal gyrus c. Inferior frontal gyrus d. Post central gyrus
Supratemporal plane of superior temporal gyrus
cardiomyocytes which constitute cardiac muscle fibers : a. The cell Contain two or more nuclei b. The cell Contain only one nucleus c. The cell is spindle in shape d. The cell is oval in shape
The cell Contain only one nucleus
Which statement is correct? A. The ear is medial to the eye B. The chin is anterior to the nose C. The elbow is proximal to the shoulder D. The elbow is distal to the shoulder
The elbow is distal to the shoulder
Between which two anatomical structures does the Larynx lie? The nares and the choanae The epiglottis and the trachea The choanae and the glottis The glottis and the epiglottis
The epiglottis and the trachea
What is a good definition of "internal respiration"? The exchange of gasses between body tissues and capillary blood Ventilation of the lungs The production of ATP and CO2 from small molecules using O2 The exchange of gasses between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
The exchange of gasses between body tissues and capillary blood
The Incisura angularis represents which anatomical location? - The junction between cardia and fundus - The junction between the cardia and body - The junction between the body and pyloric antrum of stomach - The junction between the cardiac and pyloric part of stomach - The junction between the fundus and pyloric part of stomach
The junction between the body and pyloric antrum of stomach
What is the "pleura"? The notch in the left lung that accommodates the heart The respiratory membrane The point where the primary bronchus and arteries and veins enter the lung The membrane that surrounds each lung
The membrane that surrounds each lung
Which of the following statements is true regarding normal tracheal anatomy and structure? The trachea is posterior to the esophagus The trachea is 4 cm long The trachea is 4 cm in diameter The trachea divides into right and left main stem bronchi at the sternal angle The trachea is to the right of the midline
The trachea divides into right and left main stem bronchi at the sternal angle
Which statement may be used to define a bronchiole? They are the airways that branch from the left and right primary bronchi. They are kept open by "C"-shaped rings of cartilage. Their walls have supporting cartilage between smooth muscle. Their walls contain smooth muscle but no cartilage.
Their walls contain smooth muscle but no cartilage.
Which of the following terms best describes the relation between right ulna and right femur? A. They are medial B. They are lateral C. They are ipsilateral D. They are contralateral
They are ipsilateral
What is the function of the cilia on the cells that line the bronchial tree? They help mix the inhaled fresh air with the residual air contained in the bronchial tree. They slow the movement of air to allow for efficient exchange of gases. They move the mucus on the cell surface up out of the bronchial tree. They filter particles from inhaled air.
They move the mucus on the cell surface up out of the bronchial tree.
What function is served by the goblet/mucus cells of the bronchial "tree"? They trap small inhaled particles. They secrete mucus onto the surface of the airways. They increase the surface area available for gas exchange They move mucus up the bronchial tree.
They secrete mucus onto the surface of the airways.
Reticular Layer of dermis is - Composed of loose connective tissue - More vascular than Papillary Layer - Thicker than Papillary Layer - Rich in keratinocytes
Thicker than Papillary Layer
Which of the following best describes the appearance of dense regular connective tissue on H&E staining? ● A delicate network of fine, darkly staining fibers ● Numerous cells, a few fibers, and many empty-appearing spaces ● Numerous, randomly oriented bundles of fibers ● Tightly packed, parallel bundles of fibers with minimal ground substance
Tightly packed, parallel bundles of fibers with minimal ground substance
What is the primary purpose of the spinal cord? a. To facilitate the communication between the two hemispheres b. To produce CSF c. To transmit electrical signals around the brain d. To transmit electrical signals between the brain and the rest of the body
To transmit electrical signals between the brain and the rest of the body
Cilia and mucous are found in ______. Trachea Glottis Larynx Epiglottis
Trachea
______ lies in front of the esophagus. Trachea Glottis Larynx Epiglottis
Trachea
Which of the following is not a function of bone? •Calcium storage •Detoxification •Fat storage •Hematopoiesis •Tracheal reinforcement
Tracheal reinforcement
46-year-old male, referred to tertiary center with a history of seizures and confusion for the past two weeks. After being sedated, intubated and stabilized, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain showed relatively medium to large sellar lesion which was highly suspicious of a craniopharyngioma (CP). The general condition was enhanced after performing an endoscopic ......................... surgical resection of the lesion. A. Trans-sphenoidal B. Trans-zygomatic C. Trans-orbiral D. Trans-maxillary
Trans-sphenoidal
Which of the following epithelia contains multiple layers of cells, including some columnar cells? ● Pseudostratified columnar ● Simple cuboidal ● Simple squamous ● Transitional
Transitional
A newborn boy is examined in the labor and delivery suite. He had a normal vaginal delivery from a healthy mother. On physical examination, the scrotum is enlarged, boggy, and soft bilaterally. There is a nontender testicular mass that transilluminates with bright light. A defect in which of the following structures is the most likely cause of these findings? - Body of the testis - Epididymis - Inguinal lymphatics - Pampiniform plexus - Tunica vaginalis
Tunica vaginalis
Which of the following collagen subtypes makes up hyaline cartilage? ● Type I collagen ● Type II collagen ● Type III collagen ● Type IV collagen
Type II collagen
What are the cells that produce surfactant called? Mucus cells Ciliated cells Alveolar macrophages Type II pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes
The narrowest part of ureter is A. Uretero pelvic Junction B. Iliac vessel crossing C. Pelvic ureter D. Uretero vesical junction
Uretero vesical junction
A 29-year-old woman develops a fever 1 day after delivering a healthy infant via cesarean section. Temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F) and pulse is 120/min. Physical examination discloses tenderness over her lower abdomen; there is foul-smelling blood and yellow discharge coming from the cervix. Which of the following structures is most likely affected in this patient's condition? - Ampulla of the fallopian tube - Cervical epithelium - Ovarian cortex - Uterine mucosa
Uterine mucosa
A 29-year-old woman develops a fever 1 day after delivering a healthy infant via cesarean section. Temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F) and the pulse is 120/min. Physical examination discloses tenderness over her lower abdomen; there is foul-smelling blood and yellow discharge coming from the cervix. Which of the following structures is most likely affected in this patient's condition? •Ampulla of the fallopian tube •Cervical epithelium •Ovarian cortex •Vaginal epithelium •Uterine mucosa
Uterine mucosa
A 32-year-old man presents to the clinic because of swelling and mild pain in his left testicle for the past 3 days. There was no history of trauma, urethral discharge, or dysuria. He and his wife have been trying to conceive for the past 3 years but have been unsuccessful. On physical examination, the left testicle feels enlarged with mild tenderness. The Valsalva maneuver reproduces his pain. The scrotum does not transilluminate. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Hydrocele Seminoma Testicular torsion Varicocele
Varicocele
An increase in which type of adipose tissue is most associated with cardiovascular disease? ● Brown ● Mammary ● Marrow ● Subcutaneous ● Visceral
Visceral
The foramen cecum of the tongue - indicates the origin of the thyroid gland - indicates the origin of the superior parathyroids - is posterior to the lingual tonsil - is the opening for the sublingual ducts
indicates the origin of the thyroid gland
Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the ________ before moving on up. A) thoracic duct B) inguinal nodes C) cisterna chyli D) azygos
inguinal nodes
What structure rests on the superior pole of each kidney? A) spleen B) transverse colon C) adrenal gland D) duodenum
adrenal gland
The _____artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney A) lobar B) arcuate C) interlobar D) cortical radiate
arcuate
The hormone erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow. Where in the body is erythropoietin produced? Spleen b) Kidney c) Liver d) Thyroid
b) Kidney
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin_____ A) when the peritubular capillaries are dilated B) when the pH of the urine decreases C) by a decrease in the blood pressure D) when specific gravity of urine rises above 1.10
by a decrease in the blood pressure
Bolus enters into stomach from esophagus through sphincter called - pepsin sphincter - cardiac sphincter - gastric sphincter - pyloric sphincter
cardiac sphincter
The second heart sound (the 'dup' of 'lub-dup') is caused by: - opening of the atrioventricular valves. - closure of the atrioventricular valves. - opening of the semilunar valves. - closure of the semilunar valves.
closure of the semilunar valves.
The small intestine mucosa is made up of which epithelium columnar squamous keratinised cuboidal transitional
columnar
Cartilage is a type of _____. ● bone ● skin tissue ● connective tissue ● internal organ
connective tissue
Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle: - constriction of blood vessels - heartbeat - dilation of pupil - control of urination
control of urination
One of the following bones does not contain red bone marrow in the adults a) skull b) Girdle bones c) Vertebral column d) Tibia
d) Tibia
Which anatomical directional term indicates that it is farthest away from the torso of the body? - distal - proximal - lateral - deep - medial
distal
Deep fascia is absent at - palm - Chest - forehead - Neck
forehead
Which of the cerebral lobes is the center for personality, higher intellectual processes, verbal communication, and the voluntary control of skeletal muscles? A. frontal B. parietal C. temporal D. occipital
frontal
Lymph nodes may be located in the human body in the tissues of the A) stomach and brain B) groin and neck C) ventricle and atrium D) thyroid gland and adrenal gland
groin and neck
In compact bone, A. osteocytes are found embedded within Volkmann's canals. B. lacunae are connected with each other by canaliculi. C. blood vessels travel through bone matrix via canals called lacunae. D. lamellae from different osteons are connected by Haversian canals. E. Volkmann's canal runs through the central portion of each osteon.
lacunae are connected with each other by canaliculi.
Kupffer's cells are located in in Spleen kidney Brain liver
liver
A malignant tumor is damaging the patient's glossopharyngeal nerve. They will experience - loss of taste over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. - loss of somesthetic sensation over the anterior two thirds of the tongue. - loss of taste and somesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue. - paralysis of the muscles of the tongue.
loss of taste and somesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue.
The fluid that passes through the lymphatic vessels A) flows toward the lungs B) passes from the lymphatic vessels into the arteries C) enters the left ventricle of the heart through the right thoracic duct D) moves in a single direction toward the heart
moves in a single direction toward the heart
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is A. found only around the brain. B. a neurotransmitter. C. nutritional and cushioning. D. contained within the dendrites.
nutritional and cushioning.
calcitonin causes these cells to become more active ○ osteoblasts ○ osteocytes ○ osteogenic cells ○ osteoclasts
osteoblasts
calcitriol causes these cells to differentiate into ○ osteoclasts ○ osteocytes ○ osteogenic cells ○ osteoblasts
osteogenic cells
This muscle of the tongue is innervated by the vagus nerve - palatopharyngeus - palatoglossus - styloglossus - genioglossus - hyoglossus
palatoglossus
During bone formation, as the periosteum calcifies, it gives rise to a thin plate of compact bone called the __________________. ● periosteal bud ● periosteal bone collar ● primary ossification center ● epiphyseal plate
periosteal bone collar
Skeletal muscles are also known as - striated muscles - impulsive muscles - reflexive muscles - adipose muscles
striated muscles
The first group of lymph nodes to receive lymph from the tip of the tongue is the - retroauricular - submental - submandibular - anterior cervical - retropharyngeal
submental
Pathway on which oxygenated blood is carried to body tissues from heart and deoxygenated blood is carried to heart from body tissues is classified as ● aortic circulation ● pericardial circuit ● systemic circulation ● pericardium circuit
systemic circulation
Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of the micturition (voiding) ( urinating ) A) the stretching of the bladder walls serves as the trigger B) motor neurons control micturition C) the pressure of the fluid in the bladder opens a sphincter and allows the urine to flow by gravity down the urethra D) the sympathetic efferents are the predominant system controlling micturition
the stretching of the bladder walls serves as the trigger
Kyphosis is an accentuated or abnormal curvature of which region of the spine cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal
thoracic
The urinary bladder is composed of _______ epithelium A) transitional B) simple squamous C) stratified squamous D) pseudostratified columnar
transitional
Taste information from the tongue is conveyed to the brain along ___ cranial nerves. - one - two - three - Four
two
little channels that connect lacunae. Cytoplasmic processes reach into.......... •Lacunae •Bone Cells •Canaliculi •Rickets
•Canaliculi
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, are layers of calcified matrix ● •Osteoclast in spongy bone ● •Trabeculae in spongy bone ● •Lamellae ● •haversian canals
•Lamellae
Which of these statements concerning vertebral column curvatures is correct? •The cervical curve of the vertebral column is concave anteriorly. •The lumbar curve develops after birth. •The thoracic curve is a secondary curve. •The pelvic region is concave poeteriorly
•The lumbar curve develops after birth.
.......... involved with bone deposition •osteoclasts •osteoblasts •osteogenic cells •osteocytes
•osteoblasts
