RM_Expanded
Entering the field is usually done by: a. Slowly introducing ourselves in the setting b. Quickly introducing ourselves in the setting c. Announcing to potential clients that the human factors review board approved the research d. Asking key informants to help the research process e. Announcing the study in the local paper
a. Slowly introducing ourselves in the setting
Which interview type is least flexible? a. Structured b. Semi-structured c. Ethnographic d. In-depth Qualitative
a. Structured
Which interview type is least flexible? a. Structured b. Semi-structured c. Ethnographic d. In-depth e. Qualitative
a. Structured
A mild controversy about the ethics of qualitative research concerns: a. The use of deception b. Suspending confidentiality of results c. Assigning people to control groups d. Giving people experimental interventions e. All of the above
a. The use of deception
Developing a code book and categories is done at what stage of the qualitative research process? a. Select research topic b. Analyze data c. Record data d. Log data e. Conduct interviews
b. Analyze data
Which statement is TRUE regarding qualitative studies? A qualitative study: a. Cannot be changed in any manner once started b. Can be modified as it progresses c. Must use the same hypothesis from start to finish d. Is not valid unless run as planned Is locked into pre-planned methodology
b. Can be modified as it progresses
Which statement is TRUE regarding qualitative studies? A qualitative study: a. Cannot be changed in any manner once started b. Can be modified as it progresses c. Must use the same hypothesis from start to finish d. Is not valid unless run as planned e. Is locked into pre-planned methodology
b. Can be modified as it progresses
Accessing qualitative research settings: a. Does not involve the human subjects review board b. May require permission of clients and a review board c. Simply means entering the field to do the research study d. Means observing people without their knowledge None of the above
b. May require permission of clients and a review board
A group that is studied within a qualitative research study is usually representative of the larger population. T or F
False
A qualitative researcher does not see events holistically (e.g., as a whole unit, not in pieces) and individually in their social context. T or F
False
A quantitative research study can provide a context for behaviors. T or F
False
A quantitative research study can reveal descriptions of behaviors in context by stepping outside the group. T or F
False
An example of qualitative data is an alcoholic telling you how many drinks he consumes per week. T or F
False
Data are something you hope to get from the information once you have analyzed them—whether they are numbers or words. T or F
False
Ethical considerations and informed consent NO NOT APPLY when accessing qualitative research settings. T or F
False
Qualitative data lends itself to statistical analyses as easily as quantitative data. T or F
False
Qualitative studies must not be changed in any manner once the research has begun. T or F
False
The qualitative research approach does not employ the positivist way of thinking, and therefore is not concerned with biases. T or F
False
A qualitative research study can account for the complexity of group behaviors. T or F
True
A qualitative research study can allow researchers to identify recurring patterns of behavior that participants may be unable to recognize. T or F
True
A qualitative research study can help determine questions and types of follow-up research. T or F
True
A qualitative research study can reveal interrelationships among multifaceted dimensions of group interactions. T or F
True
A qualitative research study can reveal qualities of a group experience in a way that other forms of research cannot. T or F
True
A qualitative research study produces data in the form of extensive written notes, as well as diagrams, maps, or pictures to provide detailed descriptions. T or F
True
A qualitative researcher acquires an insider's point of view while maintaining the analytic perspective or distance of an outsider. T or F
True
A qualitative researcher is capable of coping with high levels of personal stress, uncertainty, ethical dilemmas, and ambiguity. T or F
True
A qualitative researcher notices both explicit and tacit aspects of culture. T or F
True
A qualitative researcher observes ongoing social processes without upsetting, disrupting, or imposing an outside point of view. T or F
True
A qualitative researcher uses a variety of research techniques and social skills in a flexible manner as the situation demands. T or F
True
A quantitative researcher understands and develops empathy for members in a field setting, and does not just record "cold" objective facts. T or F
True
An example of qualitative data is a worker telling you how they experience burnout. T or F
True
Any group that is studied is altered to some degree by the very presence of the researcher. Therefore, any data collected are somewhat skewed. T or F
True
In qualitative research studies, meanings are drawn from the data (and presented to others) using processes that are more natural and familiar than those used within the quantitative method. The data need not be reduced to numbers and statistically analyzed although counting and statistics can be employed if they are thought useful. T or F
True
It takes time to build trust with participants that facilitates full and honest self-representation. Short-term observational studies are at a particular disadvantage where trust building is concerned. T or F
True
Lindsay has completed her research proposal. She understands the importance of value awareness while conducting her research study. She will be immersing her values into the phases of her approach. The study will mostly take place in discussion form. She is using a qualitative research approach. T or F
True
Narrative inquiries do not lend themselves well to replicability and are not very generalizable. T or F
True
One of the major differences between the quantitative and qualitative research approaches is how they utilize the literature. T or F
True
Qualitative research is neither prescriptive nor definite. While it provides significant data about groups or cultures and prompts new research questions, narrative studies do not attempt to answer questions, nor are they predictive of future behaviors. T or F
True
Qualitative research studies are conducted primarily in the natural settings where the research participants carry out their daily business in a "non-research" atmosphere. T or F
True
Qualitative researchers are directly involved with the people being studied and personally experience the process of daily social life in the field. T or F
True
Qualitative researchers are not only a part of their own realities; they are a part of the mutual reality that is constructed through their interactions with their research participants. T or F
True
Qualitative researchers observe ordinary events and activities as they happen in natural settings, in addition to any unusual occurrences. T or F
True
Qualitative researchers' biases can affect their observations. T or F
True
Researcher bias can bias the design of a qualitative research study. T or F
True
Researcher bias can enter into data collection within a qualitative research study. T or F
True
Some research participants may be previously influenced and affect the outcome of a qualitative research study. T or F
True
Sources or research participants that are utilized within qualitative research studies may not all be equally credible. T or F
True
The data collected in qualitative research studies are heavily influenced by the experiences and priorities of the research participants, rather than being collected by predetermined and/or highly structured and/or standardized measurement instruments. T or F
True
The data collector's first impressions can bias data collection. T or F
True
The differences between the philosophy of the quantitative and qualitative research approaches naturally lead to different data collection methods and analyses. T or F
True
The quality of the data alone is problematic. Ethnographic research is time-consuming, potentially expensive, and requires a well-trained researcher. T or F
True
The questions to be asked in qualitative research studies are not always completely conceptualized at the outset (although they can be). T or F
True
Too few data can lead to false assumptions about behavior patterns. Conversely, a large quantity of data may not be effectively processed within qualitative research studies. T or F
True
Variables within qualitative research studies cannot be controlled and experimentally manipulated (though changes in variables and their effect on other variables can certainly be observed). T or F
True
Which research approach you select for a particular study depends not on whether you are a positivist or an interpretivist but on what particular research question your study is trying to answer. T or F
True
While doing a quantitative research study on the effects that domestic violence has on a woman's self-esteem, you have been given the opportunity to personally interview a client who has been a victim of domestic violence. Despite your quantitative focus, you should interview the client, ask her some open ended questions and incorporate her individual experiences in an effort to strengthen your study. T or F
True
While to a quantitative researcher, "value awareness" means putting aside one's values as to not affect the study; to a qualitative researcher it means an immersion in values to better understand their effect. T or F
True
Which one is the best example of qualitative data? a. A worker explains what burnout feels like b. A worker tells you how many clients they have c. Number of vacation days taken per year d. Amount of over time worked per month e. Number of cars stolen by a teenager
a. A worker explains what burnout feels like
All of the following are examples of recorded qualitative data EXCEPT: a. An outline of the design of the study b. A journal with the researcher's personal opinions c. Field notes with the responses of the clients d. Field notes with thoughts of the researcher e. Transcripts of recorded conversations with clients
a. An outline of the design of the study
A key informants are different from other people being studied because they: a. Know more about the problem than others, and are willing to participate in the research b. Know more about the problem because they have a degree in that area of specialization c. Never had the problem, but read and studied research on the problem d. Have the problem currently, and are seeking help for it e. Know more about the problem than others, and are resistant to being studied
a. Know more about the problem than others, and are willing to participate in the research
Which choice shows an important characteristic of how samples are often selected in qualitative research studies? a. Personal qualities of the people in the sample b. Size of the sample c. Demographic characteristics of the sample d. If the sample is equivalent to the population e. If people had the same chance of being selected
a. Personal qualities of the people in the sample
Samples from qualitative research studies tend to be: a. Small, due to the high costs of conducting qualitative research b. Small, and targeted to the problem being studied c. Large, in order to generalize the results d. Large, to make the sample representative of the whole population e. Small, with a wide range of people with different problems
b. Small, and targeted to the problem being studied
An example of a key informant is someone who knows: a. What it is like to experience the problem b. About, and has had, the problem c. About, but has NOT HAD the problem d. More about the problem than others e. More about the problem than others, but is resistant to helping the researcher
c. More about the problem than others
A researcher repeats a qualitative study but gets different results from the original study. This problem concerns: a. Sample selection b. Data analysis c. Replication d. Generalizing the results e. Sample size
c. Replication
Samples from qualitative research studies tend to be: a. Large in order to generalize the results b. A representative picture of the whole population c. Smaller than samples from quantitative studies d. Small but always randomized and equivalent e. Larger than samples from quantitative studies
c. Smaller than samples from quantitative studies
Which type of interview is best when very specific answers to specific questions are needed? a. Semi-structured b. Unstructured c. Structured d. In depth e. All of the above
c. Structured
Qualitative researchers believe in which reality below: a. The researcher's reality b. The research participant's reality c. The mutual reality they (researcher and research participant) both create and share d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Qualitative research studies are good for studying problems that: a. Lend themselves to quantitative methods b. Are simple to code and observe c. Have much known about them d. Are hidden or obscure e. Have been studied extensively already
d. Are hidden or obscure
The choice is the BEST example of a qualitative setting for studying alcohol abuse? a. In patient treatment facility b. Alcohol anonymous meeting c. Center for detoxification d. Community tavern or bar e. Office of an alcohol counselor
d. Community tavern or bar
When entering the field, it is usually a good idea to: a. Call for volunteers for the study b. Advertise the study in the local paper c. Advertise for experts to help you enter the field d. Enter the field slowly Enter the field quickly
d. Enter the field slowly
When entering the field, it is usually a good idea to: a. Call for volunteers for the study b. Advertise the study in the local paper c. Advertise for experts to help you enter the field d. Enter the field slowly e. Enter the field quickly
d. Enter the field slowly
Which choice shows snowball sampling? a. Sample as many people as possible from the population b. Find people with the problem, then find people who do not meet that profile c. Find people who are on your caseload and study them d. Find one person with the problem, and they introduce us to more people with the problem e. Find people with the problem, then find similar people who did not develop the problem
d. Find one person with the problem, and they introduce us to more people with the problem
Which choice shows snowball sampling? a. Find one person, and study only that person b. Find one person, then others who are opposite c. Find many, and pick the most useful d. Find one person, who leads us to others
d. Find one person, who leads us to others
What are the three main qualitative data collection methods? a. Surveys of attitudes, interviews, questionnaires b. Interviews, observation, client behavior during clinical intervention c. Direct testing, attitude measures, qualitative surveys d. Interviews, participant observation, analyzing documents Analyzing documents, participant observation, surveys or questionnaires
d. Interviews, participant observation, analyzing documents
What are the three main qualitative data collection methods? a. Surveys of attitudes, interviews, questionnaires b. Interviews, observation, client behavior during clinical intervention c. Direct testing, attitude measures, qualitative surveys d. Interviews, participant observation, analyzing documents e. Analyzing documents, participant observation, surveys or questionnaires
d. Interviews, participant observation, analyzing documents
An example of a key informant is someone who knows: a. What it is like to experience the problem b. About, and has had, the problem c. About, but has NOT HAD the problem d. More about the problem than others e. More about the problem than others, but is resistant to helping the researcher
d. More about the problem than others
A social worker researcher gains access to a tavern, and returns to the same table every night until people no longer take notice. This is an example of: a. A structured interview schedule b. A semi-structured interview schedule c. Obtrusive observation d. Participant observation
d. Participant observation
A social worker researcher gains access to a tavern, and returns to the same table every night until people no longer take notice. This is an example of: a. A structured interview schedule b. A semi-structured interview schedule c. Obtrusive observation d. Participant observation e. A non-verbal Ethnographic interview
d. Participant observation
All of the following are steps to analyze qualitative data EXCEPT: a. Immersion in the data b. Developing categories c. Using analytic approaches d. Participant observation Developing code books
d. Participant observation
All of the following are steps to analyze qualitative data EXCEPT: a. Immersion in the data b. Developing categories c. Using analytic approaches d. Participant observation e. Developing code books
d. Participant observation
At what stage of the qualitative research process does the researcher end up with "thick data"? a. Identify key informants b. Select site or setting c. Gain access to field d. Record and log data e. Analyze data
d. Record and log data
With regard to the researcher's values, what best fits the qualitative research approach? a. The researcher's values are completely ignored, as it is a research study. b. The researcher's values are acknowledged and discussed but not used in any part of the study. c. The researcher's values are the whole focus of the qualitative/interpretive approach. d. The researcher's values are acknowledged and explored so that interactions with the participant are understood.
d. The researcher's values are acknowledged and explored so that interactions with the participant are understood.
Respectively, qualitative and quantitative research primarily involves what kind of data? a. Numbers, words b. Numbers, numbers c. Words, words d. Words, numbers e. None of the above
d. Words, numbers
Which one is the best example of qualitative data? a. A list of sick days taken per month b. Household expenses and household income c. How many active cases a social worker has d. A worker describes the size of their caseload e. A teenager describes reasons for her delinquency
e. A teenager describes reasons for her delinquency
A qualitative research setting can be a: a. Client's home b. Community meeting place c. Natural setting for the clients d, Natural setting out in the field e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Qualitative research is criticized for which reasons? a. Small sample sizes b. Difficulty replicating the procedures c. Subjectivity d. Problems determining if results support conclusions e. All of the above f. none of the above
e. All of the above
What kind of data about worker burnout could be collected using qualitative methods? a. Impressions about burnout b. Descriptions of burnout c. Frequency, intensity and duration of burnout d. Number of workers with burnout e. Both A and B
e. Both A and B
You would probably use qualitative analyses to examine: a. Frequency of a problem b. Dimensions of a problem c. Duration of a problem d. Non-statistical aspects of a problem e. Both B and D
e. Both B and D
Leaving the field in a qualitative study is similar to termination of a social work intervention in that both: a. Occur quickly and without notice b. Happen when the client/research participant feels they are finished c. Involve preparation and should happen slowly d. Require informing clients/research participants before the study ends e. Both C and D
e. Both C and D
What kind of quantitative data could be collected to study social worker burnout? a. Worker impressions about burnout b. Worker descriptions about burnout c. Frequency, intensity and duration of burnout d. Number of workers with burnout e. Both C and D
e. Both C and D
What is it called when we enter the daily lives of people in order to observe them? a. Ethnographic interview b. Structured interview c. Unobtrusive interview d. Semi-structured interview e. Participant observation
e. Participant observation
Which choice is the BEST example of a qualitative research setting? a. Office of a social worker b. An experimental or artificial setting c. The lab where testing will be conducted d. A professional site for intervention delivery e. The field, or where the client lives
e. The field, or where the client lives