Romantic Period

What were some hallmarks of the Romantic period?

creative works of individuality and intimacy

Nationalism

expression of patriotism through art

Radical composers felt that they were also doing what was the conservative composers?

following the footsteps of Beethoven

theme and variation

form in which the theme is repeated over and over and is changed each time in a melody, rhythm, dynamics, or tone color. musical form based on a single theme and variants of that theme

Tone poem became a significant what of the romantic period?

genre

Wagner led the radical composers with what?

great deal of emotion and pride.

Wagner extended what concept of Berlioz?

idee fixee

Berlioz employed a device he referred to as what?

idee fixee (fixed idea)

What did The New Journal of Music disperse to an eager amateur audience?

it dispersed a great deal of new music

Atonality

lack of tonality or a center of pitch in a musical work

Berlioz wrote works that required what?

large numbers of perfromers

Wagner's Operas were what?

long and highly emotional

Scherzo

means joke in italian. a rapid version of the minuet and trio form found in classical symphonies and string quartets

program music

music that is created to describe a person, place or emotion. it generally has a written story, which the music depicts

what were wagner's operas based on?

mythological themes and have moments that were considered sexually provocative during the late 1800s

Wagner primarily composed what?

operas

Much of Berlioz's work comes under the general category of what?

program music

tone poem is what at it's best?

program music

Wagner's works foreshadowed what?

the tonality of the 20th century

What was the goal of of the Radical romantic composers?

their goal was to heighten personal emotions in the most realistic fashion

Liszt created the other new form the romantic period called what?

tone poem

Who was Brahms discovered by?

Shumann

what is Berlioz's most memorable piece in the genre program music?

Symphonie Fantastique

tone poem

a large single movement work for orchestra that musically depicts a person, place, or thing

Art Song

a miniature art form that is one of the two new forms of the Romantic period

Lied

a song originating from the 1800s with integrated words and music composed fro artistic intent and collaboration in chamber music style that are miniature masterpieces of the romantic period

Art Song

a song originating in the 1800s that integrated words and music composed for artistic intent, also referred as Lieder

Shubert's personality was more like who?

Mozart

Verismiltude

...

The New Journal of Music established the reputations of what 3 composers?

1) chopin 2)Brahms 3)Berlioz

2 different Romantic composers

1) conservative 2) radicals

The different interpretation of Beethoven led to what 2 things?

1) led to 2 different schools of compositional style 2) led to 2 opposing groups

5 genre's of Shubert's composition

1) symphony 2) string quartet 3) sonatas 4) choral music 5) operas

3 Radical Composers of the Romantic Period

1)Berlioz 2)Liszt) 3)Wagner

3 conservative composers

1)Franz Shubert 2)Robert Shumann 3)Johannes Brahms

2 new forms that emerged from the Romantic Period

1)art song 2)tone poem

The form art song perfectly blended what 4 things?

1)fine poetry 2)outstanding vocal and piano writing 3) chamber music 4) emotional expression

tone poem is a work for what 2 things?

1)orchestra 2)symphony

tone poem is a single composition that attempts to describe what 3 things?

1)person 2)place 3)emotion

2 reasons Brahms moved to vienna

1)rejection as conductor of the Hamburg Symphony 2) unrequited love for Clara Shumann

romantic period

1810-1900

Ring cycles is s serious of what?

4 complete operas

Berlioz's work tended to have meaning based on what?

A story or idea that had significant and complex literary merit.

What was Shubert's greatest contribution to music?

Art songs

Why is Shubert given the unofficial title of "Father of the art song"

Because was not the originator of the form

Shubert was a contemporary of who?

Beethoven

How did the conservative composers believe that they were following the footsteps of Beethoven?

By remaining committed to writing symphony, string quartet, and the other traditional forms of Classical period.

What were composers of the Romantic period concerned with?

Composers of the Romantic period were concerned with carrying on the ideals of Beethoven

Brahms is known for being the most what of Romantic composers?

Contrapuntal

What did Shumann also serve as?

Editor of the the New Journal of Music

Berlioz sought to compose music that would do what?

Emphasize emotion and drama rather than be concerned with following pre-determined rules of harmony, counterpoint, or form

How did Shumann's life end?

Ended with a mental illness; manic/depressive behavior

How was the example that Beethoven set for the composers and his legacy interpreted?

It was interpreted differently by the two groups of composers.

Who is the unofficial leader of the conservative romantic composers?

Johannes Brahms

Who was also a promoter of realism in his composition?

Liszt

Berlioz's works that required a large number of performers became known as what?

Orchestration

Who sought realism and emotion in their body of work?

Radical composers

Who was leader of the radical romantic period?

Richard Wagner

What was Wagner's most adventurous works?

Ring Cycle

Liszt created a large number of what for the piano?

Viruoso

realism

the philosophy of the demonstration of excitement, high drama, and emotion

Both schools of composers wrote extensively for what instrument?

the piano.