Russian Revolution
Trotsky's role in the new society
commissar for war
Why were other countries opposed to world revolution?
communist revolutions everywhere
Who owned factories between 1917-1921?
government
Why did some of the politburo oppose the NEP?
it allowed capitalism
Why didn't the 1905 Russian Revolution overthrow the dynasty?
it had reached such an intensity that the overthrow of the tasrist seemed more likely than not, unorganized, publication of the duma
What scared the Bolsheviks?
mutiny of Kronstadt naval base
ended war communism
new economic policy (NEP)
Bolshevik slogans (Lenin)
peace, bread, land and all power to the Soviets
3 causes of Oct/Nov. revolution
peasants, industrial working class, tsar
Who was Nicholas II influenced by?
people around him, his wife
led to Jewish immigration
pogroms
what role did Trotsky have when the Bolsheviks took over Petrograd?
president of petrograd soviet
How did the Romanov Dynasty survive the Russian Revolution of 1905?
promises of liberal reform and lack of organization
national parliament elected by the people of Russia to participate in the formulation and passing of laws
state duma
Generated horror both in Russia and around the world and also sparked what became known as the 1915
the shooting of protesting industrial workers in St. Petersburg on 'Bloody Sunday'
Why did Feb/March revolution happen?
to end Romanov Dynasty
Russian Civil War 1918-1921
Between Red and Whites, whites are anti-communists; factories owned by government; Polobaro was upset over NEP; Klaux- rich economic farmers
What sparked the 1905 Revolution?
Bloody Sunday
Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)
Bolshevik leader, the investigator of the October Revolution and, until his death, the dominant figure in the new society of Russia.
Whats the differences and similarities between the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks?
Both Marxists, the Bolsheviks were extreme communist that wanted revolution to immediately start and believed in harsh discipline in order for it to start where as the Mensheviks wanted communism to gradually be spread before it was enforced because it wasnt strong enough to overthrow the Romanov Dynasty
removed Russia from WWI by giving a lot of agricultural and industrial land to Germany
Brest-Litovsk
Secret police of Bolsheviks
Cheka
secret police of tsar
Cheka
What didn't communism have?
Classes
International communist organization initiated in Moscow during March 1919
Comintern
international communist organization initiated in Moscow during March 1919
Comintern
Trotsky's role in the new society
Commissar for war
Goal of Bolsheviks
Cure Russia of all injustices from social class differences
Who is Rasputin?
Faith healer and spiritual teacher, he managed to convince the tsarina of his ability to ease her son's suffering, exerted political influence over tsarina (Alexandra)
Popular uprising which brought the middle class to power
Februrary Revolution
What led to full-scale revolution?
Food shortages, discontent and tsar family war problems.
Who smuggled Lenin back into Russia?
German government
Ended war communism
New economic policy (NEP)
Tsar that first implemented autocracy, nationality, and orthodoxy
Nicholas I
Who was the last Tsar? Why did he leave?
Nicholas II (1894-1917), he was forced to abdicate after the Russian Revolution.
When did Lenin announce communist government?
November 8th 1917
Document promising political reforms issued by Nicholas II
October Manifesto
What began the Russian duma?
October Manifesto
document promising political reforms issued by Nicholas II
October Manifesto
What replaced Provisional government?
October/November Revolution
Russian civil war was between
Reds and Whites
the whites are
anti-communists
Why is the Nov/Oct. Revolution important?
bc communism was established during it and provisional government ends
Why did the Russian Revolution of 1905 occur?
because there was a war with Japan and they embarrased them
Inner cabinet of Bolshevik government
Politburo
inner cabinet of Bolshevik government
Politburo
Bolsheviks newspaper meaning "truth"
Pravada
Bolsheviks newspaper meaning truth
Pravada
What role did Trotsky have when the Bolsheviks took over Petrograd?
President of Petrograd Soviet
a constitutional monarchist and became prime miister which was the duma's choice
Prince George Lvov
Replaced Feb/March revolution
Provisional Government
Military leader of Red Guard (Bolshevik army); leading socialist intelligent; 2 most influential revolutionary
Leon Trotsky
military leader of red guard (Bolshevik army); leading socialist intelligent; 2 most influential revolutionary
Leon Trotsky
What kind of laws did Alexander II enforce?
May laws- harsh restrictions on all Jews Pogroms- led to Jewish immigration to the U.S. and elsewhere
What scared the Bolsheviks?
Mutiny of Kronstadt Naval Base
What gets Lenin out of WWI?
Signing of Brest-Litovsk
Who opposed the NEP and why?
Some of the Politburo bc it allowed capitalism, but it restored prosperity/
When did the October Manifesto come?
after 10 months of popular unrest, strikes, violence and political debate about the future of Russia.
How did Nicholas II get involved in WWI? What did this result in?
WWI, Russia's lack of economic development and military modernization where shown.
The economic and political system that existed in Soviet Russian during the Russia Civil War
War Communism (aka Military Communism)
the economic and political system that existed in Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War, from 1918 to 1921.
War communism (military communism)
Leads to the Feb/March revolution; who got them out what with what country/treaty; what treaty did
...
Nicholas II (ruled 1894-1917)
...
Weaknesses of the government
1. Russia had been humiliated in a war 2. A lot of religions, nationalities, and languages 3. Russia was vast 4. An out of date farming economy 5. Russia was beginning to industrialize 6. Tsar Nicholas was an autocrat 7. There was an opposition to the government form
When was the war with Japan that Nicholas IIs started? What did this cause?
1904-1905, domestic unrest at home and almost cost him his throne
What year does Lenin die?
1924
What did Kronstadt Naval mutiny cause?
Abandon War communism and adopt NEP
What did Kronstadt Naval mutiny cause?
Abandon war communism and adopt NEP
Marked first revolution of 1917
Abandonment of tsar
What are the differences between Alexander III and Nicholas II?
Alexander III (Nicholas II father) was a dominant, overbearing and intimidating ruler, Nicholas II was short, softspoken, and reserved.
How was Alexander III and Nicholas II different? (father and son)
Alexander III was a dominant, overbearing and intimidating ruler, the young Nicholas was short, softly-spoken and reserved. Though not unintelligent, Nicholas was deeply religious, anti-Semitic, political conservative and easily influenced by those around him, particularly his wife Alexandra.
leader of provisional government
Alexander Kerensky
Who was Nicholas II's son? What was wrong with him?
Alexei, hemophilliac
Lenin's manifest/plan for Russia including slogans
April Theses (peace, bread, land; all power to the Soviets; state ownership of factories and banks)
What principle did Nicholas II want to maintain?
Autocracy he promised political reform but returned to policies of reaction and oppression
Problems facing provisional fovernment
Inflation, Hunger, Peasant anarchy, War and Bolsheviks/tsarist agitators
What did Rasputins political influence over the Tsarina lead to?
It discredited the tsarina and the monarchy, and lead to a conspiracy that took his life
When and where did Blood Sunday take place?
January 22nd, 1905 at the Czar's Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
Who did Alexander III blame for his father's assassination?
Jews (he was antisemitic)
Rich peasants due to the selling of surplus hrain
Kulaks
rich peasants due to the selling of surplus grain
Kulaks
Leader of the Bolsheviks; instigated October Revolution
Lenin
Who first put communism in place?
Lenin
Who led Oct/Nov revolution?
Lenin
Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
Lenin
leader of Bolsheviks, instigated october revolution
Lenin
Arrested and executed for involvement in an assassination plot against Tsar Alexander III.
Lenin's older brother, Alexsandr
What is imperial expansion?
One of Nicholas IIs aims, which lead him to start war with Japan
What dynasty was Nicholas II apart of?
Romanov Dynasty
In February, what ends and what takes its place?
Romanov Dynasty ends, provisional government replaces it
August 1905, organized as an advisory body but that wasn't well received
Russian Duma
Unlike other revolutions, what revolution was spontaneous, uncoordinated and lacked a single guiding movement or objective. Instead it was a series of rebellious behaviors by several unconnected groups and classes, each with their own set of grievances.
Russian Revolution of 1905
What was the only unity in Russia?
The Romanov Dynasty
What are the strengths of the government?
The peasants loved the Tsar as their father and revered him as empowered from God, the Romanov Dynasty had ruled since 1613, the church was powerful and supported the government, government and his army were controlled by nobles and supported the government, the secret police and press censorship
Who issued the October Manifesto?
Tsar Nicholas II at the height of the 1905 Revolution
Who is Nicholas I (ruled 1825-1855)?
Younger brother of Alexander I. Ruled during the Decembrist Revolt (1825), attempted coup after Nicholas I's older brother, Constantine, decline the throne (after Alexander I died of typhus). Nicholas I's reaction set the tone for his firm rule of Russia. He was highly reactionary, principles of Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationality. Feared nobles' reaction to potential reforms, such as abolishing serfdom.
marked first revolution of 1917
abandonment of tsar
