SA&D Final Exam
An icon is:
A GRAPHICAL PICTURE THAT REFLECTS SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS WITHIN A SYSTEM.
Gaining a clear idea of where an organization is, its vision of where it wants to be in the future, and a plan of how to make the transition to its desired state is:
A PRE-REQUISITE TO MAKING EFFECTIVE PROJECT SELECTION DECISIONS.
Which of the following shows the time period during which an object performs an operation, either directly or through a call to some subordinate operation?
ACTIVATION.
The typical participants in a JAD include:
ALL: A SESSION LEADER, A SCRIBE, AND A SPONSOR.
Changes to the Baseline Project Plan might be motivated by:
ALL: A SLIPPED COMPLETION DATE OF AN ACTIVITY, A BUNGLED ACTIVITY THAT MUST BE REDONE, AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW ACTIVITY THAT BECOMES EVIDENT LATER IN THE PROJECT.
When purchasing off-the-shelf software, you should consider:
ALL: FLEXIBILITY, RESPONSE TIME, AND VENDOR VIABILITY.
Reasons for outsourcing include:
ALL: FREEING UP INTERNAL RESOURCES, INCREASING PROCESSING EFFICIENCIES, AND REDUCING TIME TO MARKET.
A specialized systems development life cycle is useful for :
AN ORGANIZATION THAT DOES NOT NEED ALL PHASES OF THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE OR NEEDS TO MODIFY PHASES.
A master test plan is developed during:
ANALYSIS.
An E-R model with attributes is prepared during:
ANALYSIS.
A relationship that the data modeler chooses to model as an entity type best defines:
ASSOCIATIVE ENTITY.
A message in which the sender does not have to wait for the recipient to handle the message best describes:
ASYNCHRONOUS MESSAGE.
Clearly labeling all data and entry fields refers to the general guideline of:
BALANCED LAYOUT.
The conservation of inputs and outputs to a data flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level defines:
BALANCING.
Which of the following represents how an object acts and reacts?
BEHAVIOR.
As a rule of thumb estimate, what percentage of the entire development effort should be devoted to the project initiation and planning process?
BETWEEN 10 & 20%.
Which of the following programming languages could be used for OOAD?
BOTH JAVA & C++.
This approach requires the identification of business problems and opportunities used to define projects:
BUTTOM-UP PLANNING.
Showing the static structure of an object-oriented model the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate is the purpose of a:
CLASS DIAGRAM.
A LAN-based computing environment in which a central database server or engine performs all database commands sent to it from client workstations, and in which application programs on each client concentrate on user interface functions, describes a:
CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE.
A human-computer interaction method where explicit statements are entered into a system to invoke operations refers to:
COMMAND LANGUAGE INTERACTION.
All of the following are usability characteristics except:
COMPLETENESS.
Determining the strengths and weaknesses of project deliverables, the processes used to create them, and the project management process is done during:
CONDUCTING POSTPROJECT REVIEWS.
All dialogue design rules are mitigated by the:
CONSISTENCY GUIDELINE.
Which of the following is not a component on the typical information systems plan?
CORPORATION HISTORY.
Skills that include interpreting system requests and specifications, site preparation and user training, and contact point for customers best represent:
CUSTOMER RELATIONS.
Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations, defines:
DATA STORE.
Referencing eXtreme programming, which of the following is not a Planning Game phase?
DESIGN.
A formal method for designing and representing human-computer dialogues using box and line diagrams is referred to as:
DIALOGUE DIAGRAMMING.
Which of the following RUP phases provides an architecture for the project at the end of its phase?
ELABORATION.
Which of the following would be classified as an intangible cost?
EMPLOYEE MORALE.
A centralized, integrated data warehouse that is the control point and single source of all data made available to end users for decision-support applications throughout the entire organization best describes a(n):
ENTERPRISE DATA WAREHOUSE.
A system that integrates individual traditional business functions into a series of modules so that a single transaction occurs seamlessly within a single information system rather than several separate systems best describes:
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING.
Which of the following defines a set of behaviors or functions in a use case that follow exceptions to the main success scenario?
EXTENSION.
All of the following are general guidelines for the design of forms and reports except:
EXTRANEOUS INFORMATION SHOULD BE USED TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AS NEEDED.
A simple message is a message in which the sender does not have to wait for the recipient to handle the message.
FALSE
A ternary relationship is the equivalent of three binary relationships.
FALSE
According to Bell and Evans, the release description is finalized during the detailed design and implementation stage of the systems development generic life cycle phase.
FALSE
An activity diagram cannot be used to show the logic of a use case.
FALSE
Conversation refers to the sequence of interaction between a user and a system.
FALSE
In an activity diagram, the fast lane represents the organizational unit responsible for a certain action.
FALSE
Joint Application Development is a systems development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement information systems.
FALSE
Microcomputers were not used in organizations until the early 1990s.
FALSE
Often the choices of language, database, and platform are already decided by the organization or by the client, and these information technologies must be taken into account in the physical design of the system.
FALSE
The focus of developing a communications plan activity is to collect and organize the tools that will be used while managing the project.
FALSE
A device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC that is attached to a LAN best describes a:
FILE SERVER.
A highly intuitive human-computer interaction method where data fields are formatted in a manner similar to paper-based forms defines:
FORM INTERACTION.
A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in best describes a:
FORM.
Client-based deliveries of applications to users of PCs and workstations are called:
FRONT-END APPLICATIONS.
The technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view is called:
GENERALIZATION.
Research has found that projects identified by individual departments or business units most often:
HAVE A NARROW, TACTICAL FOCUS.
After maintenance, which of the following is the most expensive and most time consuming phase of the entire life cycle?
IMPLEMENTATION.
Which of the following states correctly the formality and use of hallway discussions?
IN TERMS OF FORMALITY, HALLWAY DISCUSSIONS WOULD BE RATED LOW. IN TERMS OF USE, HALLWAY DISCUSSIONS WOULD BE USED TO INFORM AND RESOLVE ISSUES.
According to a study cited in the textbook, which of the following development methods can lead to a larger maintenance burden?
IN-HOUSE DEVELOPMENT.
Sequence diagrams can be presented in:
INSTANCE OR GENERIC FORM.
A method by which users interact with information systems defines:
INTERFACE.
A three-level data warehouse has each of the following components except:
KNOWLEDGE ENGINE.
On a sequence diagram, the destruction of an object is shown as a:
LARGE 'X'.
A DFD that is a result of three nested decompositions of a series of subprocesses from a process on a level-0 diagram defines a:
LEVEL-3 DIAGRAM.
All of the following are advantages of eXtreme Programming except:
LOWER QUALITY CODE.
Tangible benefits would include:
LOWER TRANSACTION COSTS.
The least amount promised to the stakeholder by a use case is called a:
MINIMAL GUARANTEE.
"We are in the business of designing, fabricating, and selling to retail stores high-quality wood furniture" is what kind of statement?
MISSION STATEMENT.
If a form is delivered on a visual display terminal, which design specification section would describe the capabilities of this device?
NARRATIVE OVERVIEW.
A facilitated process that supports idea generation by groups where at the beginning of the process, group members work alone to generate ideas, which are then pooled under the guidance of a trained facilitator best describes:
NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE.
A special field value, distinct from 0, blank, or any other value, that indicates that the value for the field is missing or otherwise unknown best defines:
NULL VALUE.
A logical grouping of objects that have the same attributes and behaviors best defines:
OBJECT CLASS.
An entity that has a well-defined role in the application domain and has state, behavior, and identity characteristics defines:
OBJECT.
According to research mentioned in the textbook:
ON AVERAGE, 52 PERCENT OF A COMPANY'S PROGRAMMERS ARE ASSIGNED TO MAINTAIN EXISTING SOFTWARE.
Infrastructure replacement/improvements, system maintenance costs, and user training and support are examples of:
OPERATING COSTS.
Which of the following provides an external interface to a class?
OPERATION.
The process of assessing the degree to which a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantage of business opportunities refers to:
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY.
Which of the following is a reason for directly observing end users?
PEOPLE OFTEN DO NOT HAVE A COMPLETELY ACCURATE APPRECIATION OF WHAT THEY DO OR HOW THEY DO IT.
A field of data that can be used to locate a related field or row of data best describes:
POINTER.
One advantage of open-ended questions in an interview is:
PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN INFORMATION CAN RESULT.
In the Gane and Sarson model, a rectangle with rounded corners on a data flow diagram represents a:
PROCESS.
The third phase of the project management process in which the plans created in the prior phases are put into action is:
PROJECT EXECUTION.
Which of the following grew out of the convergence of the increased speed and turbulence of doing business in the late 1980s and early 1990s and the ready availability of high-powered, computer-based tools to support systems development and easy maintenance?
RAD.
Graphs should be used instead of tables for all of the following except:
READING INDIVIDUAL DATA VALUES.
Application software maintenance, new software and hardware leases, and incremental communications are examples of:
RECURRING COSTS.
"Create a relation with primary key and nonkey attributes" is the relational representation for which E-R structure?
REGULAR ENTITY.
A named two-dimensional table of data is a:
RELATION.
A set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related defines:
REPEATING GROUP.
Identifying, assessing, and managing the risks and day-to-day changes that occur during a project best defines which of the following project manager activities:
RISK & CHANGE MANAGEMENT.
All of the following are Use Case levels of detail except:
SAND.
A major vendor that provides enterprise solution software is:
SAP AG.
Good interview guidelines consist of:
SEEKING A VARIETY OF PERSPECTIVES FROM THE INTERVIEWS.
Types of interaction diagrams include:
SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS.
Which of the following depicts the interactions among objects during a certain period of time?
SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS.
Which of the following represent dynamic models of interactions between objects?
SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS.
In general, highlighting:
SHOULD BE USED SPARINGLY TO DRAW THE USER TO OR AWAY FROM CERTAIN INFORMATION AND TO GROUP TOGETHER RELATED INFORMATION.
A square on a data flow diagram represents a:
SOURCE/SINK.
At a walkthrough meeting, the person who ensures that the work product adheres to organizational technical standards is referred to as the:
STANDARDS BEARER.
Preconditions are things that must be true before a use case can:
START.
"Please wait while I open the file" is an example of:
STATUS INFORMATION.
All of the following are major activities that occur during maintenance except:
STRUCTURING REQUIREMENTS.
The person in an organization who has the primary responsibility for systems analysis and design is the:
SYSTEMS ANALYST.
A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty is a(n):
TANGLIBLE BENEFIT.
Cost reduction and avoidance, error reduction, and increased flexibility are examples of:
TANGLIBLE BENEFITS.
A simultaneous relationship among instances of three entity types is a:
TERNARY RELATIONSHIP.
A characteristic of the OOSAD approach is:
THAT IT TACKLES HARD PROBLEMS FIRST.
Continual user involvement works best when:
THE DEVELOPMENT GROUP IS SMALL.
An association between two use cases where one use case uses the functionality contained in the other best describes:
THE INCLUDE RELATIONSHIP.
In OOSAD, one outcome of defining the overall system as a collection of components is:
THE LIKELIHOOD THAT COMPONENTS CONSTRUCTED EARLIER IN THE PROJECT WILL REQUIRE GREATER REWORK.
All things not being documented, so the maintenance group may not know critical information about the system is a disadvantage of:
THE SEPARATE MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE.
An activity diagram can be used for all of the following except:
TO SHOW THE LINKS BETWEEN OBJECTS.
A sphere mounted on a fixed base that steers the cursor on a computer display is a:
TRACKBALL.
A strategy for training users so they can quickly learn the new system is a(n):
TRAINING PLAN.
An activity diagram clearly shows parallel and alternative behaviors.
TRUE
An activity diagram shows the conditional logic for the sequence of system activities needed to accomplish a business process.
TRUE
Building dialogue prototypes and assessing usability are often optional activities.
TRUE
During project initiation and planning, potential tangible benefits may have to be considered intangible.
TRUE
If an activity's optimistic time is 3 months, its realistic time is 5 months, and its pessimistic time is 10 months, then its estimated time would be 5.5 months.
TRUE
If an activity's optimistic time is 4 weeks, its realistic time is 6 weeks, and its pessimistic time is 8 weeks, then its estimated time would be 6 weeks.
TRUE
Sequence diagrams represent dynamic models of interactions between objects.
TRUE
Sequence is a type of interaction diagrams.
TRUE
The focus of project management is to assure that systems development projects meet customer expectations and are delivered within budget and time constraints.
TRUE
A relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and allows users to insert, modify, and delete rows without errors or inconsistencies is a(n):
WELL-STRUCTURED RELATION.
The impartiality characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
YOUR ROLE IS TO FIND THE BEST SOLUTION TO A BUSINESS PROBLEM OR OPPORTUNITY.
