Sapling 43

Place the steps of fertilization in the order that they occur.

1. A mature oocyte is ovulated and moves down the Fallopian tube 2. A sperm cells passes through the follicle cells surrounding the oocyte 3. A portion of the zone pellucida is digested by enzymes found within the acrosome, located on the tip of the sperm cell 4. A sperm cell binds to and uses with the plasma membrane of the egg 5. The haploid nucleus of the sperm enters the cytoplasm of the egg 6. The sperm and egg nuclei fuse to form a zygote 7. The developing embryo is implanted on the inner lining of the uterus

Determine the time frame that is most appropriate for the following statements that describe events during the menstrual cycle 1. In response to rising estrogen levels, luteinizing hormone promotes the release of the oocyte from the follicles in the ovary 2. The shedding of the inner lining of the uterus that would have supported implantation and early embryo growth had fertilization occurred 3. The inner lining of the uterus grows in response to increased levels of estrogen produced by the maturing follicles 4. The follicle becomes corpus luteum and begins production of progesterone

1. Day 14 2. Days 1-5 3. Days 6-13 4. Days 15-28

What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, whereas sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different from each other and from their parents.

Identify characteristics of types of asexual reproduction.

Budding: -formation of offspring from outgrowths that break free or remain attached to form a colony -used by baker's yeast Fission: -replacement of parent by two equal offspring -used by prokaryotic microorganisms Parthenogenesis: -growing and developing of embryos from unfertilized egg -seen in honeybees Fragmentation: -splitting of an organism into body parts that each grow the rest of the missing body parts -observed in some annelid worms

Sort the characteristics of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Ectoderm: -outer layer of the embryo -forms the brain and spinal cord -forms the peripheral nervous system Mesoderm: -middle layer of the embryo -forms the coelom -forms the muscles, bones, and cartilage Endoderm: -inner layer of the embryo -lines the respiratory tract -forms the stomach

Classify each function as primarily controlled by estrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), or luteinizing hormone (LH).

Estrogen: -triggers secondary sex characteristics -decline in production induces menopause -low levels suppress LH secretion during follicular phase Progesterone: -maintains uterine lining for pregnancy -stops ovarian cycle when pregnant FSH: -triggers initial follicle growth LH: -induces follicle maturation -stimulates formation of the corpus luteum

Classify each statement as describing either sexual or asexual reproduction.

Sexual Reproduction: -a sperm cell from a male rabbit fertilizes the egg of a female rabbit -two frogs release their eggs and sperm into water -a banana slug produces both sperm and eggs and will sometimes self-fertilize Asexual Reproduction: -an amoeba produces two identical daughter cells via mitosis -a coral produces buds via mitosis -a whiptail lizard's offspring develops from an unfertilized egg

In which type of environment is external fertilization most likely to occur?

lake/river

What gland is responsible for producing both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)?

pituitary gland

Which statement best describes ovulation?

release of a secondary oocyte from a mature follicle

What is the function of Sertoli cells found within the seminiferous tubules located within the testes?

support, nourish, and regulate the production of sperm

Identify the scenario that best describes parthenogenesis.

Male bees develop from unfertilized eggs

Match each characteristic to the appropriate gametogenesis category.

Oogenesis: -process begins before birth -one daughter cell becomes a gamete and the others become polar bodies Spermatogenesis: -process ends at death -each daughter cells develops into a gamete Both: -meiosis is involved -haploid daughter cells are produced

Zygote, gamete, and fertilization are key terms associated with sexual reproduction. Identify the definitions and examples of these three key terms.

Zygote: -cell resulting from the fusion of gametes -a fertilized egg cell Gamete: -haploid cell -sperm cell Fertilization: -a process fusing the nuclei of two gametes

Match each function or characteristic to the hormone that is primarily responsible for its control in the male reproductive system.

Testosterone: -development of sex drive -inhibition of GnRH secretion -increased muscle mass and strength FSH: -sperm production -stimulating of Sertoli cells LH: -stimulation of Leydig cells -production of testosterone