SAT 2 Cell Respiration
(D) it is an important component of glycolysis Explanation: ATP synthetase is an important component of aerobic respiration. Glycolysis is part of anaerobic respiration.
All of the following are correct about ATP synthetase EXCEPT (A) it is a molecule located within the cristae membrane (B) it spins like a turbine (C) it binds a phosphate to a molecule of ADP (D) it is an important component of glycolysis (E) its function depends on a proton gradient
(D) Oxygen molecules are pumped across the cristae membrane to the outer compartment Explanation: Protons (H+), not oxygen, are pumped across the cristae membrane. The role of oxygen is to attract electrons flowing in the electrin trasnport chain. Each oxygen ion combines with electrons and protons to produce water, a waste product of cell respiration.
All of the following arre correct about cell respiration EXCEPT (A) it is an oxidative process (B) All plant and animal cells carry out respiration all the time (C) It consists if glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron trasnport chain (D) oxygen molecules are pumped across the cristae membrane to the outer compartment (E) most ATP is produced during cell respiration as a result of the electrin transport chain and chemiosmosis
(E) Electron transport chain-- cristae membrane Explanation: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle occurs in the inner matrix of the Mitochondria. The electron transport chain occurs in the cristae membrane.
Choose the pair that is correctly matched. (A) Krebs cycle-- cytoplasm (B) Electron transport chain-- outer compartment of Mitochondria (C) Glycolysis-- cristae membrane (D) Glycolysis-- Mitochondria (E) Electron transport chain -- cristae membrane
(D) oxygen-- lactic acid Explanation: Lactic acid fermentation occurs during strenuous exercise when the body cannot keep up with the increased demand for oxygen by skeletal muscles. Pyruvic acid converts to lactic acid that builds up in the muscle, causing fatigue and burning.
During strenuous exercise, skeletal muscle use up _________ and produce large amounts of _________, which caused pain and fatigue in the muscle (A) pyruvic acid-- carbon dioxide (B) carbon dioxide -- lactic acid (C) pyruvic acid-- lactic acid (D) oxygen -- lactic acid (E) glycogen-- carbon dioxide
(C) 3 Explanation: NADH delivers electrons to a higher energy level in the ETC than does FADH2. Theoretically, each NADH produces 3 ATP molecules, while each FADH2 produces 2 ATP molecules from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain.
Each NADH molecule carrying protons to the electron transport chain can produce ______ molecules of ATP. (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 20 (E) an unlimited number of
(D) is the breakdown of glucose to produce pyruvuc acid Explanation: Glycolysis: glyco means "sweet" (sugar), lyse means "to break apart", and sis means "process." Therefore, glycolysis means the process by which sugar us broken down. Pyruvic acid or pyruvate is a 3-carbon molecule and is essentially half a glucose molecule.
Glycolysis (A) produces water (B) requires oxygen (C) involves an electron transport chain (D) is the breakdown of glucose to produce pyruvic acid (E) produces carbin dioxide
(D) the cytoplasm Explanation: Process A represents glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells. Process B represents the Krebs cycle. Process C represents the electron transport chain.
Process A occurs in (A) Mitochondria (B) chloroplasts (C) the nucleus (D) the cytoplasm (E) different organelles in different cells
(A) Glycolysis Explanation: Glycolysis is the first step toward the complete breakdown of glucose and the production of ATP. The next step is the conversion of pyruvic acid to Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. Next in line is the electron transport chain and the creation of the proton gradient that produces the most ATP. Alcohol and lactic acid fermentation are not part of aerobic respiration and produce no ATP.
Process A represents (A) Glycolysis (B) The Krebs cycle (C) the electron transport chain (D) alcohol fermentation (E) lactic acid fermentation
(C) the electron transport chain Explanation: Process C represents the electron transport chain. Glycolysis is the first step toward the complete breakdown of glucose and the production of ATP. The next step is the conversion of pyruvic acid to Acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. Next in line is the electron transport chain and the creation of the proton gradient that produces the most ATP. Alcohol and lactic acid fermentation are not part of aerobic respiration and produce no ATP.
Process C represents (A) glycolysis (B) the Krebs cycle (C) the electron transport chain (D) alcohol fermentation (E) lactic acid formation
(A) glycolysis Explanation: the breakdown of glucose is the first step in cell Respiration. It occurs anaerobically and produces 4 ATO molecules. Lactic acid and alcohol fermentation are also anaerobic but use pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis to produce either lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide, respectively. The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in the presence of oxygen during anaerobic respiration.
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid occurs during the process of (A) glycolysis (B) lactic acid fermentation (C) the Krebs cycle (D) the electron transport chain (E) alcohol fermentation
(B) Cristae of the mitochondria Explanation: The electron transport chain is a collection of molecules embedded in the cristae membrane of mitochondira. There are thousands of copies of the ETC in every mitochondrion, which greatly enhances the amount of ATP produced.
The electron transport chain is located in the (A) cytoplasm (B) cristae of the mitochondria (C) Outer compartment of mitochondria (D) inner matrix (E) Golgi body
(E) a proton gradient is created Explanation: The electron transport chain (ETC) pumps protons across the cristae membrane of Mitochondria in order to create a proton gradient. This gradient will power the production if ATP during the process known as chemiosmosis. Water is produced after the protons flow through ATP synthetase channels. Lactic acid is produced as a consequence of fermentation. Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules during glycolysis.
The immediate result of the electron transport chain is (A) water is produced (B) ATP is produced (C) lactic acid is produced (D) glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules (E) a proton gradient is created
(B) oxidation Explanation: Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons. Redox refers to a reaction where electrons are both gained and lost. The electron transport chain is a set of redox reactions where electrons are lost and gained by molecules like cytochromes. Lysis is a process of breaking apart. For example, a cell is Lysenko if it is placed into a hypertonic solution.
The loss of electrons is known as (A) reduction (B) oxidation (C) redox (D) electron transport chain (E) lysis
(B) as the final proton and electron acceptor in the electron transport chain Explanation: Oxygen combines with protons (H+) that have passed through the ATP synthetase channels during chemiosmosis after the electron transport chain. It also exerts a strong pull on electrons passing through the electron transport chain. Oxygen ions + Protons + Electrons---> Water Water is the waste product of cell Respiration. That is its only role in cell Respiration. Oxygen is not a part of glycolysis or the Krebs cycle
The role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is (A) to transport CO2 (B) as the final proton and electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (C) to transport electrons in glycolysis (D) to provide electrons for the electron transport chain (E) most important in the Krebs cycle.
(C) I and II only Explanation: Water and carbon dioxide are waste products. Water is formed as oxygen combined with protons flowing through the ATP synthetase channels during chemiosmosis of Aerobic Respiration only after the electron transport chain. Carbon dioxide is released from the Krebs cycle. ATP is a product of cellular respiration, not a waste product
Which of the following is a waste product of Aerobic cell Respiration? I. Water II. Carbon Dioxide III. ATP (A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) III only (E) I,II, and III
(A) Process A requires energy. Explanation: Process A represents glycolysis. It is the only process that requires energy. It requires the input of 2 ATP and releases 4 ATP, for a net gain of 2 ATP. Process C, the electron transport chain, establishes a proton gradient. Process B is the Krebs cycle.
Which of the following is correct about these processes? (A) Process A requires energy. (B) Process B requires energy (C) Process C requires energy (D) Process A depends on a gradient (E) Process B releases oxygen.
(E) ATP is produced Explanation: Although answers (A), (B), and (D) are all correct about cell Respiration, the purpose of the process is to produce energy in the form of ATP. Statement (C) is incorrect. Oxygen is used during cell-Respiration. Oxygen is released during Photosynthesis, not during Respiration.
Which of the following is the most important thing that occurs during cell Respiration? (A) CO2 is produced during the Krebs cycle. (B) Protons and electrons combine with oxygen to form water (C) Oxygen is released. (D) A proton gradient is created (E) ATP is produced
(C) glycolysis Explanation: Glycolysis occurs during the anaerobic phase of respiration and evolved on ancient Earth. It was possibly the way the first cells produced energy. The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain evolved after free oxygen appeared on ancient earth. Together they make up the aerobic phase of cell Respiration. Chemiosmosis is the process of energy production during the electron transport chain. The citric acid cycle is another name for the Krebs cycle.
Which of the following probably evolved first? (A) the Krebs cycle (B) chemiosmosis (C) glycolysis (D) the electron transport chain (E) the citric acid cycle