Saunders Practice: Chapter 21 (G/D Theories), 22 (Developmental Stages)

A 4 year old child is diagnosed with leukemia and is hospitalized for chemotherapy. The child is fearful of the hospitalization. Which nursing intervention should be implemented to alleviate the child's fears? 1. Encourage the child's parents to stay with the child 2. Encourage play with other children of the same age 3. Advise the family to visit only during the scheduled visiting hours 4. Provide a private room, allowing the child to bring favorite toys from home

1

A mother of a 3-year-old asks a clinic nurse about appropriate and safe toys for the child. The nurse should tell the mother that the most appropriate toy for a 3-year-old is which? 1. A wagon 2. A golf set 3. A farm set 4. A jack set with marbles

1

Which interventions are appropriate for the care of an infant? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY 1. Provide swaddling. 2. Talk in a loud voice. 3. Provide the infant with a bottle of juice at nap time. 4. Hang mobiles with black and white contrast designs. 5. Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes. 6. Allow the infant to cry for at least 10 minutes before responding.

1, 4, 5

The 2-year-old child is treated in the emergency department for a burn to the chest and abdomen. The child sustained the burn by grabbing a cup of hot coffee that was left on the kitchen counter. The nurse reviews safety principles with the parents before discharge. Which statement by the parents indicates an understanding of measures to provide safety in the home? 1. "We will be sure not to leave hot liquids unattended." 2. "I guess my children need to understand what the word hot means." 3. "We will be sure that the children stay in their rooms when we work in the kitchen." 4. "We will install a safety gate as soon as we get home so the children cannot get into the kitchen."

1

The maternity nurse is providing instructions to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse instructs the mother to take which measure? 1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need 2. Anticipate all the needs of the newborn infant 3. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying 4. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying

1

The nurse is describing Piaget's cognitive developmental theory to the pediatric nursing staff. The nurse should tell the staff that which child behavior is characteristic of the formal operations stage? 1. The child has the ability to think abstractly 2. The child begins to understand the environment 3. The child is able to classify, order, and sort facts 4. The child learns to think in terms of past, present, and future

1

The nurse notes that a 6 year child does not recognize that objects exist even when the objects are outside the visual field. Based on this observations, which action should the nurse take? 1. Report the observation to the health care provider 2. Move the objects in the child's direct field of vision 3. Teach the child how to visually scan the environment 4. Provide additional lighting for the child during play activities

1

The nursing instructor asks a nursing student to present a clinical conference to peers regarding Freud's psychosexual stages of development, specifically the anal stage. The student plans the conference, knowing that which characteristic relates to this stage of development? 1. This stage is associated with toilet training 2. This stage is characterized by the gratification of self 3. This stage is characterized by a tapering off of conscious biological and sexual urges 4. This stage is associated with pleasurable and conflicting feelings about the genital organs

1

A parent of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instruction(s) should the nurse provide to the parent? Select all that apply. 1. Set limits on the child's behavior 2. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs 3. Allow the behavior, because this is normal at this age period 4. Provide a simple explanation of why the behavior is unacceptable 5. Punish the child every time the child says "no" to change this behavior

1, 4

The clinic nurse is preparing to explain the concepts of Kohlberg's theory of moral development with a parent. The nurse should tell the parent that which factor motivates good and bad actions for the child at the pre-conventional level? 1. Peer pressure 2. Social pressure 3. Parent's behavior 4. Punishment and reward

4

The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother? 1. Allow the bottle if it contains juice. 2. Allow the bottle if it contains water. 3. Do not allow the child to have the bottle. 4. Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime.

2

The nurse assesses the vital signs of a 12-month-old infant with a respiratory infection and notes that the respiratory rate is 35 breaths/minute. On the basis of this finding, which action is most appropriate? 1. Administer oxygen. 2. Document the findings. 3. Notify the health care provider. 4. Reassess the respiratory rate in 15 minutes.

2

The nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which does the nurse expect to observe in this child? 1. Uses a fork to eat 2. Uses a cup to drink 3. Pours own milk into a cup 4. Uses a knife for cutting food

2

The nurse is monitoring a 3-month-old infant for signs of increased intracranial pressure. On palpation of the fontanels, the nurse notes that the anterior fontanel is soft and flat. On the basis of this finding, which nursing action is most appropriate? 1. Increase oral fluids. 2. Document the finding. 3. Notify the health care provider (HCP). 4. Elevate the head of the bed to 90 degrees.

2

Which car safety device should be used for a child who is 8 years old and is 4 feet tall? 1. Seat belt 2. Booster seat 3. Rear-facing convertible seat 4. Front-facing convertible seat

2

The mother of an 8-year-old child tells the clinic nurse that she is concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anything else. Using Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory, the nurse should make which response? 1. "You need to be concerned" 2. "You need to monitor the child's behavior closely" 3. "At this age, the child is developing his own personality" 4. "You need to provide more praise to the child to stop this behavior"

3

The nurse is preparing care for a dying client and several family members are at the bedside. Which therapeutic techniques should the nurse use when communicating with the family? Select all that apply. 1. Discourage reminiscing 2. Make the decisions for the family 3. Encourage expression of feelings, concerns, and fears 4. Explain everything that is happening to all family members 5. Touch and hold the client's or family member's hand if appropriate 6. Be honest and let the client and family know the will not be abandon by the nurse

3, 5, 6

A 16-year-old is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis and an appendectomy is performed. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development postoperatively? 1. Encourage the child to rest and read. 2. Encourage the parents to room in with the child. 3. Allow the family to bring in the child's favorite computer games. 4. Allow the child to interact with others in his or her same age group.

4

A mother arrives at a clinic with her toddler and tells the nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. What measure is most appropriate for the nurse to suggest to the mother? 1. Allow the child to set bedtime limits. 2. Allow the child to have temper tantrums. 3. Avoid letting the child nap during the day. 4. Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed.

4

The nurse educator is preparing to conduct a teaching session for the nursing staff regarding the theories of growth and development and plans to discuss Kohlberg's theory of moral development. What information should the nurse include in the session? Select all that apply. 1. Individuals move through all six stages in a sequential fashion 2. Moral development progresses in relationship to cognitive development 3. A person's ability to make moral judgements develops over a period of time 4. The theory provides a framework for understanding how individuals determine a moral code to guide their behavior 5. In stage 1 (punishment-obedience orientation), children are expected to reason as mature members of society 6. In stage 2 (instrumental-relativist orientation), the child conforms to rules to obtain rewards or have favors returned

2, 3, 4, 6

The nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which is the most appropriate activity for this child? 1. A radio 2. A sports video 3. Large picture books 4. Crayons and a coloring book

4