Saxon 8/7 Math Terms Lessons 1-66

oblique line(s)

(1) A line that is neither horizontal nor vertical. (2) Lines in the same plane that are neither parallel nor perpendicular.

parallel lines

2 lines in a plane that do not cross and remain the same distance apart.

perpendicular lines

2 lines in a plane that intersect and form "square corners" (right angle/ 90 degree angles).

concentric circles

2 or more circles with a common center.

angle

2 rays that have a common endpoint and form an opening.

ray

A part of a line with one endpoint.

degrees

A unit for measuring angles.

International System of Units (SI) or Metric System

An international system of measurement based on multiples of 10. (uses meters, liters, kilograms, etc.)

equivalent fractions

Different fractions that name the same number.

similar

Having the same shape but not necessarily the same size. Corresponding parts of similar figures are proportional.

congruent

Having the same size and shape.

Square root

One of 2 equal factors of a number, uses symbol

reciprical

The inverse of a fraction.

greatest common factor

The largest common factor of a set of numbers (aka GCF).

diameter

The longest chord of a circle passes through the center, equal to 2 radii.

base

The lower number in an exponential expression.

inscribed angle

The vertex of each angle is on the circle and the angle opens to the interior of the circle.

reduce

To rewrite a fraction in lowest terms.

minuend

a number from which another number is subtracted. 12-8=4 (minuend is 12)

Formula: Area of a rectangle

area of a rectangle= length x width. A=L x W

commutative property of addition

changing the order of addends does not change their sum a+b = b+a

opposites

two numbers whose sum is zero; located the same distance to the left and right of the origin

identity property of addition

when 0 is added to a given number, the sum is equal to the given number. a + 0 = a

identity property of multiplication

when a given number is multiplied by 1, the result equals the given number. a x 1 = a

property of zero for multiplication

when a number is multiplied by 0, the product is 0. a x 0=0

comparison symbols

< less than > greater than = equal to

polygon

A closed flat shape with many straight sides.

plane

A flat surface that has no boundaries, 2 dimensional having length and width but not depth.

improper fraction

A fraction that is equal to 1 or is greater than 1.

percent

A fraction whose denominator of 100 is expressed as a percent sign (%). Is used to name parts of a whole or parts of a group.

lowest term

A fraction written where the only common factor is one.

fraction

A number that names part of a whole or parts of a group.

term

A number that serves as a numerator or denominator of a fraction.

segment

A part of a line with two endpoints and has specific length.

vertex

A point where two sides of a polygon meet.

regular polygon

A polygon that has all sides with the same length and all the angles have the same measure.

chord

A segment with both endpoints on a circle.

equation

A statement that uses the symbol "=" to show that 2 quantities are equal.

line

A straight collection of points extending in opposite directions without end.

Geometry

A study in math that deals with shapes, sizes, and properties of figures.

protractor

A tool used to draw and measure angles.

compass

A tool used to draw circles and portions of circles called arcs.

expanded notation

A way of writing a number as the sum of the products of the digits and the place values of the digits.

mixed number

A whole number plus a fraction.

factor

A whole number that divides another number without a remainder (aka divisor).

divisible

Able to be divided by a whole number without a remainder.

inscribed (polygon)

All points of the polygon lie within another shape and all the polygon's vertices lie on the other shape.

acute angle

An angle smaller than a right angle.

obtuse angle

An angle smaller than a straight angle but larger than a right angle. Measure is between 90 degrees and 180 degrees.

right angle

An angle that forms a square corner and measures 90 degrees. It is often marked with a small square.

straight angle

An angle that measures 180 degrees and forms a straight line.

point

An exact position on a line, on a plane or in space (no dimensions).

exponential expression

An expression that indicates that the base is to be used as a factor the number of times shown by the exponent.

arc

Portion of circles.

corresponding parts

Sides or angles of similar polygons that occupy the same relative positions.

US Customary Measurement System

System of measurement used almost exclusively in the United States. Units include: yards, pounds, quarts, feet, gallon, etc.

Eliipsis

The 3 dots that mean the list is infinite. (...)

denominator

The bottom term of a fraction.

perimeter

The distance around a polygon (a closed flat shape).

radius

The distance from every point on the circle to the center of the circle.

sum

The result or answer to an addition problem

area

The size of the inside of a flat shape or the amount of surface. It is measured in square units

numerator

The top term of a fraction.

exponent

The upper number in an exponential expression that shows how many times the base is to be used as a factor. (repeated multiplication)

place value

The value of a digit based on its position within a number

intersect

To share a common point, 2 lines in a plane that cross once.

invert

To switch the numerator and denominator of a fraction.

fact family

a group of 3 numbers related by addition and subtraction or by multiplication or division. 4 fact statements can be formed using the numbers in a fact family. 3 + 4 = 7 4 + 3 = 7 7 - 3 = 4 7 - 4 = 3

variables

a letter used to represent a number that has not been designated (in formulas and expressions)

number line

a line for representing and graphing numbers. Each point represents a number

divisor

a number that divides into another number 12/3 = 4 (divisor is 3)

dividend

a number that is divided by another number 12/3 = 4 (dividend is 12)

commutative property of multiplication

changing the order of factors does not change their product. 8 x 2 = 2 x 8

binary

describes a numbering scheme in which there are only two possible values for each digit: 0 and 1.

sequence

is an ordered list of terms that follows a certain pattern or rule. ex. The numbers 2,4,6,8...

additive identity

number 0 (7 + 0 = 7 )

zero

number that is NOT positive or negative

subtrahend

number that is subtracted 12 - 8 = 4 (subtrahend is 8)

positive numbers

numbers greater than 0 (to the right of origin on number line)

negative numbers

numbers less than 0 (to the left of the origin on number line.

counting numbers

numbers used to count (negative, fractions and decimals are not counting numbers)

natural numbers

numbers used to count (negative, fractions and decimals are not counting numbers)

factors

one of 2 or more numbers that are multiplied to form a product

terms

one of the numbers in a sequence

addends

one of two or more numbers that are added to find a sum 7 + 3 = 10 (7 and 3 are addends)

inverse operations

operations that undo each other (add & sub) (mult & div) (a+b-b =a)

tick marks

small lines on a number line to indicate the location of integers

Operations of Arithmetic

the four basic mathematical operation: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

associative property of addition

the grouping of addends does not affect their sum a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c

associative property of multiplication

the grouping of factors does not affect their product. a x (b x c) = (a x b) x c

origin

the location of the number 0 on the number line

whole numbers

the members of the set (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) (negative, fractions and decimals are not counting numbers)

multiplicative identity

the number 1

perfect squares

the product when a whole number is multiplied by itself.

quotient

the result or answer to a division problem 12/3 = 4 (quotient is 4)

product

the result or answer to a multiplication problem

difference

the result or answer to a subtraction problem.

integers

the set of counting numbers their opposites, and number 0; the member of the set {...,-2,-1,0,1,2...} Does NOT include fractions

decimal point

the symbol (dot .) in a decimal number used as a reference point for place value

evaluate

to find the value of an expression (to solve)