SC15V History of Science: Scientists, Inventions/Inventors, Technology

A

A

a

A

English mathematician and logician, he is often considered to be the father of modern computer science. He provided an influential formalization of the concept of the algorithm and computation with his namesake machine

Alan Turing

Battery

Alessandro Volta

Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell

Dynamite

Alfred Nobel

Edison, Thomas

American - Wizard of Menlo Park - invented light bulb, phonograph, movie camera

Watson, James D.

American - co-discovered the structure of DNA

Salk, Jonas

American - developed first polio vaccine

Hubble, Edwin

American - discovered Red Shift; postulated Big Bang Theory

Whitney, Eli

American - invented cotton gin and use of interchangeable parts

Fulton, Robert

American - invented steamboat (Clermont)

Goddard, Robert

American - known as the "Father of Modern Rocketry" You are the Rockets, you should know this.

Oppenheimer, J. Robert

American - led the research that developed first atomic bomb; known as 'Father of the Atomic Bomb'

Mendel, Gregor

Austrian - laws of genetics

Bifocal Glasses

Benjamin Franklin

Lightning Rod

Benjamin Franklin

Kelvin, Lord

British - absolute zero; founder of thermodynamics

Joule, James

British - determined that heat is a form of energy

Priestly, Joseph

British - discovered oxygen; made carbonated water and is viewed as father of soda industry; discovered that rubber erases pencil marks

Fleming, Alexander

British - discovered penicillin

Jenner, Edward

British - discovered smallpox vaccine

Davy, Sir Humphrey

British - discovered the elements potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, and magnesium; he invented the miner's safety lamp and was the mentor of Michael Faraday; known for studies of gases in which he inhaled them to study their effects

Boyle, Robert

British - law of gases (Boyle's Law)

Newton, Isaac

British - laws of motion; co-invented calculus; made discoveries in the country when he fled the city due to the plague

Crick, Francis

British - one of discoverers of the structure of DNA

Darwin, Charles

British - theory of natural selection, evolution, survival of the fittest

Faraday, Michael

British physicist who invented the dynamo; discovered benzene; contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

Vulcanized Rubber

Charles Goodyear

LASER

Charles H. Townes

Xerography or Photocopying

Chester Carlson

Frozen Foods

Clarence Birdsye

Blimp

Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.

Bohr, Niels

Danish - Nobel Prize for the Bohr atom; one of the founders of Quantum Mechanics

English naturalist and biologist, he demonstrated that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection.

Darwin

Submarine

David Bushnell

Cavendish, Henry

Discovered hydrogen; was so shy that he gave his maids notes so he would not have to speak to them

Chadwick, James

Discovered the neutron

German physicist, is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass-energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2. Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.

Einstein

Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney

Interchangeable Parts

Eli Whitney

Electron Microscope

Ernst Ruska

Leakey, Louis

Famous for his discoveries of ancient man in the Rift Valley of Africa

Lister, Joseph

Father of antiseptic surgery

Teller, Edward

Father of the Hydrogen Bomb

Lemarck, Jean

French - advocated that acquired traits could be passed on to next generation; coined the term biology

Curie, Marie

French - discovered radium and polonium; first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes - one in Physics and the other in Chemistry

Lavoisier, Antoine

French - discovered the chemistry of oxygen

Pasteur, Louis

French - pasteurization; discovered that diseases are caused by microorganisms

Mercury Thermometer

Gabriel Fahrenheit

Italian physicist and astronomer.e telescope and consequent astronomical observations. He has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of science", and "the Father of Modern Science."

Galileo

Thermometer

Galileo

Planck, Max

German - Planck's constant; one of the founders of quantum mechanics

Wegener, Alfred

German - postulated continental drift

Kepler, Johannes

German - put forth laws of the motions of planets

Heisenberg, Werner

German - uncertainty principle; one of founders of quantum mechanics

Fahrenheit, Gabriel

German physicist who developed the first mercury thermometer

Einstein, Albert

German-American - Theories of relativity; won Nobel Prize in 1921 for the photo-electric effect

Internal Combustion Gasoline Engine

Gottlieb Daimler

Archimedes

Greek - Bouyancy - volume can be determined by how much water is displaced

Euclid

Greek - founder of geometry

Radar

Heinrich Hertz

Assembly Lines

Henry Ford

Torricelli, Evangelista

Invented the barometer

His Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, is considered to be the most influential book in the history of science. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics

Isaac Newton

Marconi, Guglielmo

Italian - invented radio. Sent radio waves from Italy to America (Across the Atlantic)

Galileo

Italian - invented telescope; gravity

SCUBA Gear

Jacques Cousteau

Seed Drill

Jethro Tull

Printing Press

Johan Guttenberg

Steel Plow

John Deere

Television

John L. Baird

Barbed Wire

Joseph Glidden

Automobile

Karl Benz

Morgan, Thomas Hunt

Kentuckian who won Nobel Prize for work studying chromosomes in fruit flies

mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer. He has often been described as the archetype of the "Renaissance man"

Leonardo da Vinci

Blue Jeans

Levi Strauss

Polish physicist and chemist, she was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, the only person honored with Nobel Prizes in two different sciences, and the first female professor at the University of Paris.

Marie Curie

Dynamo

Michael Faraday

Rutherford, Ernst

New Zealand-born British scientist - discovered the atomic nucleus and the proton; performed gold-foil experiment in which alpha particles were shot at gold-foil

Amundsen, Roald

Norwegian - a Norwegian polar explorer who was the first person to fly over the North Pole in a dirigible (May 11-13, 1926) and was the first person to reach the South Pole. He was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles.

Airplane

Orville & Wilbur Wright

Copernicus, Nicholas

Polish - said sun is center of solar system

Machine Gun

Richard Gatling

Steamboat

Robert Fulton

Mendeleev, Dimitri

Russian - periodic table

Telegraph

Samuel F.B. Morse

Reed, Walter

Scientists whose investigations proved that mosquitoes carried Yellow Fever. Major veterans' hospital is named after him.

Bell, Alexander Graham

Scottish-American - invented telephone

Hawking, Stephen

Suffers from ALS; work on black holes and unified theory; wrote 'Brief History of Time'

Linnaeus, Carolus

Swedish - classification of living things

Electric Light

Thomas Edison

Movie Camera

Thomas Edison

Phonograph (record player that used cylinder shaped records)

Thomas Edison

The first great invention developed by him was the tin foil phonograph. A prolific producer, also know for his work with lightbulbs, electricity, film and audio devices, and much more.

Thomas Edison

Roentgen, Wilhelm

Won Nobel Prize for discovery of x-rays

Schrodinger, Edwin

Won Nobel Prize for his famous wave equation, thus laying the foundation of the wave-mechanic approach to quantum mechanics

Goodall, Jane

Worked with chimpanzees

Fosse, Diane

Worked with mountain gorillas

Microscope

Zacharias Janssen