Schizophrenia (PSYCH, exam 2)

1, active

-Signs of these symptoms must be ongoing for at least 6 months* must be at least ____ month of _____ phase symptoms to be diagnosed with schizophrenia

acute phase

-Usually able to notice the symptoms because they are hallucinating, increased anxiety, fearful, talking to people who aren't there -when they have hallucinations

prodromal phase

-lack of self hygiene (deterioration in function) -can last anywhere between a week to a couple of months -socially withdrawn and spend time alone -Depressive moods

stabilization

-we are starting to treat them -symptoms decrease

depot preparations

Long-acting, injectable formulations used for the long-term maintenance therapy of schizophrenia -VERY expensive

block

Most antipsychotics aim to _______(increase or block) dopaminergic activity

attention, memory, information processing, cognitive flexibility, executive functions

Schizophrenia cognitive symptoms have difficulty with what 5 things?

positive and negative symptoms

Second generation antipsychotics target:

6 months

Signs of these symptoms must be ongoing for at least how long to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?***

depression

What assessment is crucial for pts with schizophrenia?******

nicotine

What helps schizophrenic pts with the following: Improved cognition Improved negative symptoms Protective effects against EPSEs

psychosis (not able to accurately perceive reality)

What is the hallmark symptom of schizophrenia****

late teens-early twenties

When do men typically develop/show schizophrenia

late twenties

When do women typically develop/show schizophrenia

men

Who has a more severe course of schizophrenia, men or women?

men

Who has an earlier onset of schizophrenia (men or women)?

excessive

_____ (excessive or too little) dopaminergic activity in the limbic areas causes acute positive symptoms

too little

_____(excessive or too little) dopaminergic activity causes parkinsonism and many side effects

clang associations

association of words based upon sound rather than concepts

word salad

confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases

anergia

lethargy or lack of physical activity

improved cognition, improved negative symptoms, protective effects against EPSEs

nicotine helps schizophrenic pts with what three things?

avolition

not wanting to do things in your normal daily routine (ex. Brushing teeth)

two

pts must have how many of the 6 symptoms?

depersonalization

reality or detachment within the self, regarding one's mind or body, or being a detached observer of oneself (like out of body experience, like you aren't real, you are watching from the outside)

circumstantialtiy

slowed thinking and invariably talks at length about irrelevant and trivial details

brief psychotic disorder

symptoms of schizophrenia present for up to 1 month

thought broadcasting

thoughts are heard by others

true

true or false: Street drugs in those under 21 including marijuana are stressors for schizophrenia

true

true or false: for schizoaffective disorder, One episode must last a minimum of two weeks without mood disorder symptoms. The other period of psychosis "requires the overlap of mood disorder symptoms with psychotic symptoms to be conspicuous" and last for a greater portion of the disorder

tangentiality

without reference to the original idea or question -gives a lot of information, but never answers the question or gets to the point

anhedonia

: unable to feel pleasure with things that usually make you happy

positive

Excessive dopaminergic activity in the limbic areas causes acute ______(positive or negative) symptoms

positive symptoms

First generation/conventional antipsychotics target:

two weeks, without

For schizoaffective disorder, Psychotic states must persist for _______ or longer ______(with or without) mood disorder symptoms

up to 1 month

In brief psychotic disorder, symptoms of schizophrenia present for how long?

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech

One of the two required symptoms to be diagnosed with schizophrenia must be either:

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, negative symptoms

Pts must have at least two of what 6 symptoms to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

true

Pts with schizophrenia have a VERY HIGH suicide risk

negative

Symptom normally present that is not present -physiological

positive

Symptom not normally present that is present -Psychological

maintenance phase

Symptoms in remission, with possible presence of milder, persistent residual symptoms

schizoaffective disorder

Symptoms of schizophrenia and symptoms of a mood disorder

Schizophreniform

Symptoms of schizophrenia present for up to six months (1-6)

schizophrenia

Symptoms present for more than 6 montsh

dopamine

The main neurobiological factor that causes schizophrenia is an excessive amount of:

true

True or false: In schizophrenia, psychosis is a symptom, not a diagnosis

thought deletion

idea that another has removed their thoughts

thought insertion

idea that another thinks through the mind of the person

up to six months (1-6)

in Schizophreniform, symptoms of schizophrenia present for how long?

derealization

is an alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems unreal (like everything around you isn't real/isn't as it should be)

echolalia

is the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person

alogia

lack of content in speech (they ask do you have any children and they just say yes)

apathy

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

extrapyramidal

the following are examples of what type of symptoms?

grandiose

the following is an example of which delusion: "I am the president"

delusion of influence

the following is an example of which delusion: "I can control her thoughts"

delusion of reference

the following is an example of which delusion: "TV is talking to me"

somatic

the following is an example of which delusion: "cancer in my stomach"

paranoid

the following is an example of which delusion: "they want to hurt me"

nihilistic

the following is an example of which delusion: I am dead"

religious

the following is an example of which delusion: devil or god told me to

neologisms

used to describe the use of words that have meaning only to the person who uses them, independent of their common meaning.

extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, anticholinergic effects

what are 3 disadvantages of first generation antipsychotics?

depression, anxiety, demoralization, dysphoria, suicidality

what are 5 affective symptoms of schizophrenia?

associative looseness, clang associations, word salad, neologisms, Echolalia

what are 5 alterations in speech that schizophrenics experience

flat, blunted, inappropriate, bizarre affect, apathy, anhedonia, poor social functioning, poverty of thought

what are 5 negative symptoms of schizophrenia

substance abuse (nicotine), anxiety, depression, suicide, polydipsia

what are 5 other disorders that are common with schizophrenia

influenza, birth in late winter or early spring, exposure to lead, maternal starvation (malnutrition), exposure to cat feces

what are 5 things that increase the change of the baby developing schizophrenia that the mom can do prenatally?

anergia, blunted affect, alogia, avolition, attention deficits, communication deficits, passivity in social relationships, poor hygiene/grooming

what are 8 negative symptoms of schizophrenia

hallucinations, abnormal thoughts, bizarre behavior, delusions, paranoia, insomnia, grandiosity, hostility

what are 8 positive symptoms of schizophrenia

cerebral ventricular enlargement, smaller cerebral and cranial size, hypoplasia of the hippocampus

what are the 3 brain structure abnormalities involved with schizophrenia

dopamine, serotonin, glutamate

what are the 3 neurobiological factors that cause schizophrenia

significant weight gain and metabolic syndrome

what are the two disadvantages of second generation antipsychotics?

benadryl

what can help with extrapyramidal side effects of first generation antipsychotics?

less expensive

what is the advantage to first generation antipsychotics?

flat

which type of affect: -no response

blunted

which type of affect: =minimal response

women

who has more positive symptoms of schizophrenia? men or women?

men

who is less likely to comply with medications of schizophrenia, men or women?