Science

inertia

(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force

Copernicus

His heliocentric model, with the Sun at the center of the universe, demonstrated that the observed motions of celestial objects can be explained without putting Earth at rest in the center of the universe.

Hutton

His theories of geology and geologic time, also called deep time, came to be included in theories which were called plutonism and uniformitarianism.

law of inertia

The __ states that objects at rest tend to stay at rest, and objects in motion tend to stay in motion.

joule

The unit for work is the __.

Protons

These are positively charged particles

chemical, electrical, radiant. mechanical, thermal

What are the five types of energy?

straight-line, projectile, circular, periodic

What are the four types of motion?

Atomic Symbol

When looking at an element on the periodic table, the large letter is referred to as...

Atomic Mass

When looking at an element on the periodic table, the number on the bottom is...

Atomic Number

When looking at an element on the periodic table, the number on top is...

Atomic Number

When looking at an element on the periodic table, the smaller number is Atomic Number or Atomic Mass?

(Rosalind) Franklin and (Maurice) Wilkins

While Watson worked on solving the mystery of DNA's structure with Crick, in Cambridge, England. In London, these two scientists were trying to beat them to the finishing post.

position

_ defines the location and specifies a reference point of an object.

mechanical

__ energy is the energy contained within an object due to its position or motion; can either be potential or kinetic.

power

__ is the rate at which work is done.

Mendel (patterns now called Mendelinian Inheritance)

demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns.

Entropy

is an extensive thermodynamic property that is the measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work

Newton

showed that the motion of objects on Earth and that of celestial bodies is governed by the same set of natural laws: by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation he removed the last doubts about heliocentrism and advanced the scientific revolution.

( Law of) Conservation of Mass

states that the mass of an isolated system (closed to all transfers of matter and energy) will remain constant over time.

(Joseph Swan and Thomas) Edison

this person designed electric lights that were small and safe enough to be used at home. He used a glowing electric wire sealed inside a vacuum.

Bohr

was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.

Mendel

was a German-speaking Silesian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics.

Copernicus

was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.

Mendeleev

was a Russian chemist and inventor. He created the first version of the periodic table of elements.

Hutton

was a Scottish physician, geologist, naturalist, chemical manufacturer and experimental agriculturalist.[1] His work helped to establish the basis of modern geology.

(John) Dalton

was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into colour blindness

Darwin

was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.

Newton

was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian, who has been considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived.

Galileo

was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.

scalar

A __ is a unit that is completely defined by its magnitude, such as mass, speed, or length, and does not contain a direction unit.

projectile

A __ is an object that is influenced by gravity only.

joule

A __ is the amount of work done when a force of 1N acts over a distance of 1m.

vector

A __ quantity has magnitude (amount) and direction.

motion

A continuous change of position is defined as __.

meter per second per second

Acceleration is measured in __.

Electrons

Cathode Rays helped us to discover this...

Watson and Crick

Discovered DNA in 1953, awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"

Einstein

He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.

Bohr

He developed the model of the atom with the nucleus at the center and electrons in orbit around it, which he compared to the planets orbiting the sun.

Hutton

He is also credited as the first scientist to publicly express the Earth was alive and should be considered a superorganism.

Galileo

His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism.

6

If Carbon has an atomic number of 6 this means it has _____ protons in its nucleus

0

If Carbon has an atomic number of 6, this means it has _______ electrons in its nucleus

Microscope(s)

In 1590 the first of this was created by Janssen to help scientists observe things not visible by the naked eye

x-ray

In 1895 this was accidentally discovered by Rontgen. It is a type of radiation that changed science, industry and medicine forever.

Pauling

In 1948 discovered that many proteins included helical (see alpha helix) shapes

constant/constant

Newton's First Law: if an object experiences no net force, then its velocity is _________________: the object is either at rest (if its velocity is zero), or it moves in a straight line with___________ speed (if its velocity is nonzero)

acceleration/force

Newton's Second Law: The _____________ a of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net _________ F acting on the body, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass m of the body, i.e., F = ma.

opposite

Newton's Third Law: When a first body exerts a force F1 on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force F2 = −F1 on the first body. This means that F1 and F2 are equal in magnitude and ____________ in direction.

Entropy

Perhaps the most familiar manifestation of this is that, following the laws of thermodynamics, entropy of a closed system always increases and in heat transfer situations, heat energy is transferred from higher temperature components to lower temperature components

scalar

Speed is a __ quantity.

meters per second

Speed is measured in __.

speed and direction

The two factors that determine velocity are __ and __.

Curie (s)

These people were interested in Becquerel's mysterious rays, in 1898 they discovered three new elements give off radiation. They realized that radiation comes off the atoms of these elements. She called this property radioactivity. (this family has more Nobel Prizes than any other)

Watson and Crick

They were the first to use nucleotides for DNA structure model

Becquerel

This French physiscist in 1896 discovered that metal uranium gives off radiation.

Einstein

This guy made the formula for E=mc2

Atomic Number

This is the number of protons in any given element on the periodic table.

(The) Big Bang Theory

This is the prevailing cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe which states that it was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the Universe to cool and resulted in its present continuously expanding state.

Manhattan Project (Einstein/Bohr)

This is the team of hungarians that helped develop the Atomic Bomb

1953

This is when Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA and finally explained how genes carry information.

(Roslind) Franklin

This woman is attributed with taking x-ray photographs of DNA (which were stolen by Watson to help make a double helix)

Mendeleev

Using the table, he predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered during the late 1800s, early 1900s

vector

Velocity is a __ quantity.

(a) double helix

Watson and Crick originally tried to make a triple helix but instead DNA is really...

scalar

Work is a __ quantity.

radiant

__ energy includes the spectrum of electromagnetic waves; examples include sunlight, radio waves, and microwaves.

electrical

__ energy is creates by other types of energy, such as using chemical, nuclear, or perhaps solar energy to spin an electrical generator.

chemical

__ energy is stored in molecules such as glucose, which powers your body, and batteries, which power your toys.

thermal

__ energy is the amount of heat contained within an object; thermal energy is measured by measuring the temperature of a system.

negative accerleration

__ is a decrease in velocity.

weight

__ is a measure of the gravitational force on the mass of an object.

work

__ is a scalar quantity that is defined as the product of force and distance.

force

__ is also a vector with a magnitude and direction and is simply any action on an object that produces a change in its motion.

power

__ is also the rate at which one form of energy is transferred into another form of energy.

positive acceleration

__ is an increase in velocity.

periodic motion

__ is any motion that is repeated in equal time intervals, or a motion that repeats itself in equal regular periods or intervals.

newton's first law of motion

__ is based on Galileo's idea and is often called the law of inertia. States that an object continues in a state of rest or at uniform velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

circular motion

__ is motion along a circular pathway or orbit.

straight-line motion

__ is motion in one dimension and is similar to a ray in geometric terms.

newton's third law of motion

__ is often stated as "for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction".

velocity

__ is speed in a given direction.

mass

__ is the amount of matter that an object contains and is a measure of its inertia.

motion

__ is the change in an object's position relative to a fixed reference point.

speed

__ is the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance.

friction

__ is the force that opposes the relative motion of all moving bodies.

projectile motion

__ is the motion of an object that is dropped, shot, thrown, launched, or otherwise thrust into the air.

energy

__ is the property of a system that enables it to do work.

acceleration

__ is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes over time.

work

__ is the transfer of energy.

energy

__ is transferred through the action of work.

newtons second law of motion

__ states that the acceleration of an object is equal to the magnitude of total force applied to the object divided by the mass of the object.

horsepower

__ the measure of work being done by a force, is another measure of power.

Eienstein

a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, effecting a revolution in physics

Cathode Rays

are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.

Newton

described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.

(The Law of) Conservation of Energy

first formulated in the nineteenth century, is a law of physics. It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time.

Galileo

has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy",[6] the "father of modern physics",[7] the "father of science",[7] and "the Father of Modern Science".

Darwin

published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species.