Science
inertia
(physics) the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
Copernicus
His heliocentric model, with the Sun at the center of the universe, demonstrated that the observed motions of celestial objects can be explained without putting Earth at rest in the center of the universe.
Hutton
His theories of geology and geologic time, also called deep time, came to be included in theories which were called plutonism and uniformitarianism.
law of inertia
The __ states that objects at rest tend to stay at rest, and objects in motion tend to stay in motion.
joule
The unit for work is the __.
Protons
These are positively charged particles
chemical, electrical, radiant. mechanical, thermal
What are the five types of energy?
straight-line, projectile, circular, periodic
What are the four types of motion?
Atomic Symbol
When looking at an element on the periodic table, the large letter is referred to as...
Atomic Mass
When looking at an element on the periodic table, the number on the bottom is...
Atomic Number
When looking at an element on the periodic table, the number on top is...
Atomic Number
When looking at an element on the periodic table, the smaller number is Atomic Number or Atomic Mass?
(Rosalind) Franklin and (Maurice) Wilkins
While Watson worked on solving the mystery of DNA's structure with Crick, in Cambridge, England. In London, these two scientists were trying to beat them to the finishing post.
position
_ defines the location and specifies a reference point of an object.
mechanical
__ energy is the energy contained within an object due to its position or motion; can either be potential or kinetic.
power
__ is the rate at which work is done.
Mendel (patterns now called Mendelinian Inheritance)
demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns.
Entropy
is an extensive thermodynamic property that is the measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work
Newton
showed that the motion of objects on Earth and that of celestial bodies is governed by the same set of natural laws: by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation he removed the last doubts about heliocentrism and advanced the scientific revolution.
( Law of) Conservation of Mass
states that the mass of an isolated system (closed to all transfers of matter and energy) will remain constant over time.
(Joseph Swan and Thomas) Edison
this person designed electric lights that were small and safe enough to be used at home. He used a glowing electric wire sealed inside a vacuum.
Bohr
was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
Mendel
was a German-speaking Silesian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics.
Copernicus
was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
Mendeleev
was a Russian chemist and inventor. He created the first version of the periodic table of elements.
Hutton
was a Scottish physician, geologist, naturalist, chemical manufacturer and experimental agriculturalist.[1] His work helped to establish the basis of modern geology.
(John) Dalton
was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into colour blindness
Darwin
was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.
Newton
was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian, who has been considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived.
Galileo
was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.
scalar
A __ is a unit that is completely defined by its magnitude, such as mass, speed, or length, and does not contain a direction unit.
projectile
A __ is an object that is influenced by gravity only.
joule
A __ is the amount of work done when a force of 1N acts over a distance of 1m.
vector
A __ quantity has magnitude (amount) and direction.
motion
A continuous change of position is defined as __.
meter per second per second
Acceleration is measured in __.
Electrons
Cathode Rays helped us to discover this...
Watson and Crick
Discovered DNA in 1953, awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
Einstein
He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.
Bohr
He developed the model of the atom with the nucleus at the center and electrons in orbit around it, which he compared to the planets orbiting the sun.
Hutton
He is also credited as the first scientist to publicly express the Earth was alive and should be considered a superorganism.
Galileo
His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism.
6
If Carbon has an atomic number of 6 this means it has _____ protons in its nucleus
0
If Carbon has an atomic number of 6, this means it has _______ electrons in its nucleus
Microscope(s)
In 1590 the first of this was created by Janssen to help scientists observe things not visible by the naked eye
x-ray
In 1895 this was accidentally discovered by Rontgen. It is a type of radiation that changed science, industry and medicine forever.
Pauling
In 1948 discovered that many proteins included helical (see alpha helix) shapes
constant/constant
Newton's First Law: if an object experiences no net force, then its velocity is _________________: the object is either at rest (if its velocity is zero), or it moves in a straight line with___________ speed (if its velocity is nonzero)
acceleration/force
Newton's Second Law: The _____________ a of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net _________ F acting on the body, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass m of the body, i.e., F = ma.
opposite
Newton's Third Law: When a first body exerts a force F1 on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force F2 = −F1 on the first body. This means that F1 and F2 are equal in magnitude and ____________ in direction.
Entropy
Perhaps the most familiar manifestation of this is that, following the laws of thermodynamics, entropy of a closed system always increases and in heat transfer situations, heat energy is transferred from higher temperature components to lower temperature components
scalar
Speed is a __ quantity.
meters per second
Speed is measured in __.
speed and direction
The two factors that determine velocity are __ and __.
Curie (s)
These people were interested in Becquerel's mysterious rays, in 1898 they discovered three new elements give off radiation. They realized that radiation comes off the atoms of these elements. She called this property radioactivity. (this family has more Nobel Prizes than any other)
Watson and Crick
They were the first to use nucleotides for DNA structure model
Becquerel
This French physiscist in 1896 discovered that metal uranium gives off radiation.
Einstein
This guy made the formula for E=mc2
Atomic Number
This is the number of protons in any given element on the periodic table.
(The) Big Bang Theory
This is the prevailing cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe which states that it was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the Universe to cool and resulted in its present continuously expanding state.
Manhattan Project (Einstein/Bohr)
This is the team of hungarians that helped develop the Atomic Bomb
1953
This is when Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA and finally explained how genes carry information.
(Roslind) Franklin
This woman is attributed with taking x-ray photographs of DNA (which were stolen by Watson to help make a double helix)
Mendeleev
Using the table, he predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered during the late 1800s, early 1900s
vector
Velocity is a __ quantity.
(a) double helix
Watson and Crick originally tried to make a triple helix but instead DNA is really...
scalar
Work is a __ quantity.
radiant
__ energy includes the spectrum of electromagnetic waves; examples include sunlight, radio waves, and microwaves.
electrical
__ energy is creates by other types of energy, such as using chemical, nuclear, or perhaps solar energy to spin an electrical generator.
chemical
__ energy is stored in molecules such as glucose, which powers your body, and batteries, which power your toys.
thermal
__ energy is the amount of heat contained within an object; thermal energy is measured by measuring the temperature of a system.
negative accerleration
__ is a decrease in velocity.
weight
__ is a measure of the gravitational force on the mass of an object.
work
__ is a scalar quantity that is defined as the product of force and distance.
force
__ is also a vector with a magnitude and direction and is simply any action on an object that produces a change in its motion.
power
__ is also the rate at which one form of energy is transferred into another form of energy.
positive acceleration
__ is an increase in velocity.
periodic motion
__ is any motion that is repeated in equal time intervals, or a motion that repeats itself in equal regular periods or intervals.
newton's first law of motion
__ is based on Galileo's idea and is often called the law of inertia. States that an object continues in a state of rest or at uniform velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
circular motion
__ is motion along a circular pathway or orbit.
straight-line motion
__ is motion in one dimension and is similar to a ray in geometric terms.
newton's third law of motion
__ is often stated as "for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction".
velocity
__ is speed in a given direction.
mass
__ is the amount of matter that an object contains and is a measure of its inertia.
motion
__ is the change in an object's position relative to a fixed reference point.
speed
__ is the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance.
friction
__ is the force that opposes the relative motion of all moving bodies.
projectile motion
__ is the motion of an object that is dropped, shot, thrown, launched, or otherwise thrust into the air.
energy
__ is the property of a system that enables it to do work.
acceleration
__ is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes over time.
work
__ is the transfer of energy.
energy
__ is transferred through the action of work.
newtons second law of motion
__ states that the acceleration of an object is equal to the magnitude of total force applied to the object divided by the mass of the object.
horsepower
__ the measure of work being done by a force, is another measure of power.
Eienstein
a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, effecting a revolution in physics
Cathode Rays
are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.
Newton
described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.
(The Law of) Conservation of Energy
first formulated in the nineteenth century, is a law of physics. It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time.
Galileo
has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy",[6] the "father of modern physics",[7] the "father of science",[7] and "the Father of Modern Science".
Darwin
published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species.
