science

Describe the different stages of cellular respiration, where they occur, and their function.

Cellular respiration is the process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored energy, and use it to make ATP. ... Cellular respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. The other two stages are aerobic processes.

Describe the functions and processes of each stage of cellular respiration

Cellular respiration uses energy in glucose to make ATP. Aerobic ("oxygen-using") respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. ... The Krebs cycle and electron transport occur in the mitochondria.

Describe the processes of osmosis, diffusion and active transport.

Osmosis: movement of a solvent (such as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion happens in liquids and gases because their particles move randomly from place to place. Diffusion is an important process for living things; it is how substances move in and out of cells. Active Transport: Active transport is the movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. The main product of cellular respiration is ATP; waste products include carbon dioxide and water.

How do plants and animals turn glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP) and CO2?

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.

What are the characteristics of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane is semi-permeable, it allows some substances to pass through it and does not allow others. It is thin, flexible and a living membrane, which consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins Cell membranes are held together by non-covalent interactions Membranes are fluid-like structures.

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

During photosynthesis, light energy converts carbon dioxide and water (the reactants) into glucose and oxygen (the products).

Describe the functions and processes of each stage in photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis represents the biological process by which plants convert light energy into sugar to fuel plant cells. Comprised of two stages, one stage converts the light energy into sugar, and then cellular respiration converts the sugar to Adenosine triphosphate, known as ATP, the fuel for all cellular life.

How do plants use glucose as energy?

Glucose provides plants with needed food through a process called photosynthesis. This process helps plants convert the energy they take in from sunlight into sugar to help nourish the plant. Photosynthesis occurs when carbon dioxide, water and sunlight are combined.

Where do heterotrophs get glucose from?

Heterotrophs obtain energy by eating plants and animals. Plants are autotrophs, absorbing the sun's energy through photosynthesis and making glucose...

What are the structures that make up the chloroplast?

In plants, chloroplast-containing cells exist in the mesophyll. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane similar to the double membrane found within a mitochondrion. Within the chloroplast is a third membrane that forms stacked, disc-shaped structures called thylakoids.

What are the different stages of photosynthesis?\

It is convenient to divide the photosynthetic process in plants into four stages, each occurring in a defined area of the chloroplast: (1) absorption of light, (2) electron transport leading to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH, (3) generation of ATP, and (4) conversion of CO2 into carbohydrates (carbon fixation).

What determines how molecules move in and out of the cell?

Many factors can affect the rate of diffusion, including, but not limited to, concentration gradient, size of the particles that are diffusing, and temperature of the system.

What are the structures of the mitochondria? How do they contribute to respiration?

Mitochondria, organelles specialized to carry out aerobic respiration, contain an inner membrane folded into cristae, which form two separate compartments: the inner membrane space and the matrix. The Krebs Cycle takes place in the matrix.

How do autotrophs turn light energy, water and carbon dioxide into sugar?

Most autotrophs use a process called photosynthesis to make their food. In photosynthesis, autotrophs use energy from the sun to convert water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air into a nutrient called glucose. Glucose is a type of sugar. The glucose gives plants energy.

How do plants capture sunlight?

Plants capture sunlight using a compound called chlorophyll. ... So chlorophyll actually reflects green light and absorbs blue and red light. More details on Photosynthesis. Inside a plant's cells are structures called chloroplasts.

Why is it important to selectively transport certain substances in and out of the cell? (Hint: Gummy bear lab, digestion, etc.)

This is important for the cell to maintain its internal order irrespective of the changes to the environment.

How do different types of molecules move in and out of the cell?

Through diffusion or active transport.

What are each structure responsible for in the process of photosynthesis?

chloroplasts, thylakoids, and chlorophyll.

What is the plasma membrane of the cell made out of?

glycerophospholipids, molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains.