Science Cells

Cytoplasm

A gel-like fluid that holds the organelles. Between the cell membrane and nucleus

What process do cell use to transport large molecules through the membrane? How is this process different from osmosis and diffusion?

Active transport is the process that cells use to move larger particles through the cell membrane. Active transport requires the cell to use energy, while osmosis and diffusion are types of passive transport that do not require any cellular energy. Passive transport is "powered" by concentration differences

Lysosome

Breaks down materials, like large cell particles or old cell parts

Which of the organelles in #2 are only found in plant cells? Why are they only found in plant cells?

Cell wall and chloroplasts: The cell wall gives the cell and the plant itself strength and support. Analogy: The cell wall is the plant's skeleton. In plant cells, chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis (using sunlight to create food and building blocks in the firm of sugars/carbohydrates)

Why do plant cells have both chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Chloroplast produces food and building blocks for the plant in the form of sugars(carbohydrates). Mitochondria breaks down sugars to produce energy for the cell processes, like active transport.

When using our microscopes, which 4 organelles are visible?

Chloroplasts, cell wall, cell membrane, and the nucleus

Nucleus

Contols the functions of a cell

Cell membrane

Controls which substances enter and exit the cell. It is the barrier after passing the cell wall

Mitochondria

Converts energy in food(sugars) to energy the cell can use (ATP)

Define diffusion:

Diffusion is the process by which small molecules move through the cell membrane. When diffusion occurs, molecules will move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

What does it mean for a membrane to be selectively permeable?

During osmosis and diffusion, the cell membrane will only allow molecules of a certain size to pass into or out of the cell.

Is the cell above an animal or plant cell? How do you know?

It is a plant cell. It has a cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts, none of which are found in animal cells. It also has a box-like shape, while animal cells have a rounder shape.

What is the total magnification when using low, medium, and high-powered objective lenses?

Low-40x, Med-100x, and High- 400x

Which organelle contains the DNA?

Nucleus

What are organelles?

Organelles carry out specific functions within the cell.

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Osmosis is a type of diffusion in which water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane. When osmosis occurs, water molecules will move from an area of higher concentration to lower they are equal on each side

Gogi Body

Packages proteins to be transported to other parts of the cell, or shipped out of the cell

Why is the vacuole larger in plant cells than animal cells?

Plants are unable to move to water sources, so they must have more water storage space. The large vacuole also works with the cell walls to create pressure to help plants stand up tall

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis. Converts sun's energy(sugars) and plant building blocks

Vacuole

Storage for water, nutrients, or waste

What is the difference between structure and function?

Structure is what a cell is made of, while function is what it is used for

What is the difference between the cell wall and the cell membrane?

The cell wall is a rigid or stiff structure, surrounding the cell and gives the cell its box-like or rectangular shape. The cell membrane is flexible layer that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls what enters and exits the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The pathway for proteins to travel from the ribosomes to the Gogi bodies. Much of the ER is covered in ribosomes.

Which direction will the water molecules move? Why?

Water molecule will move out of the cell, because the concentration of water is higher inside the cell than outside

Ribosome

produces proteins(to be used in other parts of the cell, or be transported out of the cell)

Cell wall

provides strength and support for the cell and the plant

Two ways the cell moves things by active transport

transporting proteins and by engulfing

The naked egg lab

vinegar made the egg gain weight, the corn syrup made it smaller and more fragile and looks like a deflated balloon, and water made it become smaller