Science of Nutrition Chapter 1

Which BEST defines chronic disease? A) a disease that comes on slowly and can persist for years B) a condition that has a rapid onset and is easily cured C) a disease of aging D) a disease caused by a microorganism

A) a disease that comes on slowly and can persist for years

Nutrients that are inorganic include __________. A) water and minerals B) vitamins and proteins C) carbohydrates and proteins D) proteins and fats

A) water and minerals

How many total kcalories are consumed in a meal containing 300g of carbohydrate, 50 grams of protein, and 20 grams of fat? A) 1,830 kcal B) 1,480 kcals of carbohydrate C) 1600 D) 1,580 kcal

D) 1,580 kcal

Which of the following is NOT classified as an essential nutrient? A) Protein B) minerals C) water D) alcohol

D) Alcohol

The average number of calories needed each day to maintain current body weight is called the __________.

EER (Estimated Energy Requirement) Explanation: The EER reflects the average calorie intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult. This recommendation takes into account age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity.

Of the following people, who would be the MOST reliable source for nutrition information? A) physician B) Registered Dietitian C) personal trainer D) nutritionist

B) Registered Dietitian

The water-soluble vitamins include the family of B-vitamins and vitamin A) A. B) K. C) C. D) D.

C) C

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) __________. A) include only the Estimated Average Requirements for vitamins B)are nutritional reference values that apply to all people C) are nutritional reference values that apply only to healthy people D) include the Adequate Intake (AI), but not the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

C) are nutritional reference values that apply only to healthy people

Which of the following nutrients contains the element nitrogen? A) water B) carbohydrates C) proteins D) lipids

C) proteins

Marco is using the internet to do research for a nutrition essay. Which of the following sites would be most likely to provide accurate information? A) a website discussing the benefits of vitamin B6 that also sells B vitamins B) A website with a URL ending in ".edu" last updated in 2001. C) a university study on the benefits of a new weight loss drug sponsored by the drug company that makes it D) a website with a URL ending in ".gov"

D) a website with a URL ending in ".gov"

The building blocks of proteins are called A) nitrogen fragments. B) fatty acids. C) saccharides. D) amino acids.

D) amino acids.

Which nutrients listed below all function as energy-yielding nutrients? A) lipids, minerals, and vitamins B) water, vitamins, and minerals C) vitamins, protein, and water D) carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

D) carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

In malnutrition, a primary deficiency is one in which a person A) cannot absorb enough of a nutrient. B) excretes too much of a nutrient. C) cannot efficiently utilize a nutrient. D) does not have an adequate intake of a nutrient.

D) does not have an adequate intake of a nutrient.

What is the first step of an experiment using the scientific method? A) collecting data B) developing a theory C) creating a hypothesis D) observing a phenomenon

D) observing a phenomenon

Which component of the DRI reflects the requirement of a nutrient for 50 percent of healthy Americans and Canadians in a specific life stage and gender?

EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) Explanation: The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is a daily nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a life stage and gender group. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) provides the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals (97 to 98 percent) in a particular life stage and gender group. Adequate Intake (AI) is a recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group or groups of healthy people that are assumed to be adequate. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) represents the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for almost all individuals in the general population.

Which components of the DRI identify the quantities of various nutrients a person requires to optimize health, prevent deficiency diseases, and avoid consuming too much of any nutrient?

EAR, RDA, AI, and UL Explanation: The EAR, RDA, AI, and UL identify the quantities of various nutrients a person requires to optimize health, prevent deficiency diseases, and avoid consuming too much of any nutrient. The EER and AMDR provide guidance to determine what intake of energy nutrients may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

True or False Wellness is defined as the absence of disease

False

True or False DRI is a set of guidelines for nutrient intakes standards, stands for Daily Required Intakes

False Explanation: DRI stands for "Dietary Reference Intakes," an umbrella term for a set of guidelines for dietary standards that were developed by the United States and Canada in 1997

Healthy People 2020 ________________

Includes both nutrition and physical activity goals to promote optimal health in the United States