Science Study Guide: Chapter 5
Because dark colors _reflect_ more radiant energy than light colors, solar collectors are usually painted black.
False; absorb
A material in which thermal energy moves easily is _an insulator_.
False; conductor
The transfer of thermal energy by conduction and convection _does not_ require matter.
False; does
According to the _second_ law of thermodynamics, the thermal energy of a system changes when work is done on the system.
False; first
At the same temperature, 1kg of water has _the same amount_ of thermal energy as 2kg of water.
False; less
The thermal energy of a material _increases_ when the temperature of the material increases.
True
The transfer of thermal energy by radiation _does not_ require matter.
True
Thermal energy is transferred by radiation more easily in _gases_.
True
_Temperature_ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object.
True
What is one example of a insulator?
air
How does thermal energy travel from a pot onto the handle?
conduction
Thermal energy is transferred through matter by direct contact of particles by ___________.
conduction
A material in which thermal energy is transferred rapidly is a ________.
conductor
Thermal energy is transferred by conduction whose transfer is helped by _____ and hindered by ______.
conductors and insulators
The transfer of thermal energy by movement of matter is _________.
convection
Wind and ocean currents are formed by ______.
convection
Thermal energy is transferred to a sunbather in a room by _______.
convection and radiation
Thermal energy is transferred to people by _____.
convection and radiation
Thermal energy is transferred by ________ which is used in all the conventional heating systems including solar and _________ and ________.
convection; electric; and forced-air
___________ is the most resistant to thermal energy transfers(good insulator).
foam insulation
Thermal energy that flows from a high to a lower temperature is _____________.
heat
A device that changes thermal energy into mechanical energy is called a ________.
heat engine
A _________ moves thermal energy from one location and transfers it to another location at a higher temperature.
heat pump
A _______ is a substance that is used to absorb thermal energy.
insulator
A material in which thermal energy is transferred slowly is an ______.
insulator
Materials in which thermal energy does not move easily are __________.
insulators
An _________________ engine burns fuels inside chambers called cylinders.
internal combustion
Heat is measured by what?
joules
Through which of the following will convection most likely occur?
liquids and gases
AS a substance absorbs thermal energy, its temperature change depends on the amount of thermal energy added and the _____.
mass
Energy from the Sun travels to Earth as ____.
radiant energy
Thermal energy is transferred by _______ in the form of electromagnetic waves.
radiation
Thermal energy transfer that does not require matter is ________.
radiation
According to the ______, heat never flows spontaneously from a lower to a higher temperature.
second law of thermodynamics
A device that absorbs radiant energy from the Sun is a __________.
solar collector
The amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of some material by 1C is called the ______ of the material.
specific heat
The _____ of an object is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object.
temperature
The ________ increases when the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material increases.
temperature
The sum of the kinetic potential energy of the particles in an object is the ____ of the object.
thermal energy
________ is the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material.
thermal energy
