science test 1
DNA
an abbreviation for "deoxyribonucleic acid," which is the genetic material passed from parent to offspring
Protein
determine an organism's traits
Friedrich Miescher
discovered nuclein within white blood cells 1869
The two types of reproduction are
asexual and sexual
If white wool (W) is dominant over black wool (w), can two sheep with white wool produce an offspring with black wool? Explain your answer.
Yes, because they might still carry out the recessive allele.
Akira creates a reaction without a catalyst, then repeats the reaction with a catalyst
performing an investigation
Asexual advantages
rapid reproduction, more offspring, mate not needed, clones beneficial to economy of agriculture
Among the many elements of science is that it:
relies on a systematic process involves observation and experimentation involves collection of information is supported by evidence is updated by as new discoveries are made
A scientist conducted an experiment and discovered that certain plants grow faster when given a particular amount of fertilizer. Another scientist conducted the same experiment and got similar results. Which concept does this best illustrate? repetition replication precision validity
replication
Sexual disadvantages
reproduces slowly, time and energy consuming
Which components are part of all scientific investigations? Check all that apply. scientific question hypothesis variables control procedure conclusion
scientific question procedure conclusion
Indicate whether each is a characteristic of asexual or sexual reproduction. allows for greater genetic variation. produces offspring that have the same DNA as the parent. occurs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. occurs only in eukaryotes.
sexual preproduction asexual reproduction asexual reproduction sexual reproduction
Genetic variation occurs in asexual reproduction. sexual reproduction.
sexual reproduction
Protein production
strand of RNA is formed in nucleus RNA = ribonucleicacid sugar is in RNA ribose strand of RNA leaves the nucleus and moves to ribosomes in the ribosome, the information that RNA copied from DNA is used to produce a protein with a specific function
Maya tried to hit four golf balls into a hole marked with a flag. The diagram shows where the golf balls landed. Which best describes Maya's results? high precision, low accuracy low precision, high accuracy high precision, high accuracy low precision, low accuracy
high precision, low accuracy
Eukaryotic cells reproduce asexually through the process of
mitosis
Which statements could be categorized in the "Asexual" section of the Venn diagram? Check all that apply. mitosis diploid cells two cell divisions gametes identical DNA
mitosis diploid cells identical DNA
offspring
the young of an organism
What is the author's purpose for writing "Your DNA at Work"? to explain why cheetahs run very fast to encourage readers to join a science club to describe how proteins are produced to motivate readers to become genetic scientists
to describe how proteins are produced
_______investigations cannot perfectly reproduce the conditions of the natural world.
experimental
Genes
provides set of instructions for producing proteins with specific shapes and functions
Akira writes in his notes that adding a catalyst sped up the chemical reaction because the catalyst lowered the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
providing explanation
In which form of reproduction is a slow reproduction process a disadvantage? sexual reproduction asexual reproduction binary fission mitosis
sexual reproduction
Use the drop-down menus to identify whether the phrase describes asexual or sexual reproduction. four daughter cells two daughter cells meiosis mitosis genetic variation identical DNA fertilization
sexual reproduction asexual reproduction sexual reproduction asexual reproduction sexual reproduction asexual reproduction sexual reproduction
Scientific notation
simplified way to write numbers that are very large or very small. A written product of number between 1-10
The first correlation below shows the relationship between types of cell division. Below that is a correlation showing the types of cells that each type of cell division produces. Finish the bottom correlation based on the type of cells produced. Mitosis: Meiosis Somatic cell:
gamete cell
Male and female sex cells are called
gametes
Which is a synonym for male and female sex cells? gametes chromosomes eukaryotes diploids
gametes
Which statements could be categorized in the overlapping section of the Venn diagram? Check all that apply. occurs in eukaryotes creates genetic variation produces four daughter cells is a form of reproduction
occurs in eukaryotes is a form of reproduction
Meiosis: Crossing over
without crossing over, chromosome stay the same with crossing over, chromosomes change, can occur only place in the chromosome
Which best describes an experiment that had good scientific design? Most of the methods were different for each trial within the experiment. The data could not be replicated in another experiment. Each trial was repeated several times during the experiment.
Each trial was repeated several times during the experiment.
____allows eukaryotes to grow and heal.
mitosis
Scientific notation positive
move decimal to the right
Which type of cell is a result of meiosis? diploid cells haploid cells
haploid cells
Prokaryotic cells
simple cells
What is the power of 10 when 0.00503 is written in scientific notation?
-3
What is the power of 10 when 0.000028 is written in scientific notation?
-5
Having white wool (W) is dominant over having black wool (w). Two heterozygous sheep are crossed. What is the probability that the offspring will have black wool? % What is the probability that the offspring will have white wool? %
25% 75%
Describe the process of scientific inquiry
Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigation. Distinguish between variables and controls in a scientific investigation. Differentiate between the three types of scientific investigations. summarize the benefits and limitations of different types scientific investigations.
Write this number in standard notation. 4.702 x 10over-4
0.0004702
Write these numbers in standard notation. 3.05 x 10-3 8.92 x 106
0.00305 8,920,000
When 560,000 is written in scientific notation, what is the power of 10? 4 5 6 7
5
Eukaryotic
Cells with nucleus and usually multicellular
Scientific notation negative
move decimal to left
Mayrice Wilkins
studied DNA using x-rays
What is 18,000 expressed in scientific notation? 1.8 × 10-4 1.8 × 104 1.8 × 10-5 1.8 × 105
1.8 × 104
Which set of data is best described as accurate and precise when compared to an accepted value of 125? 130, 125, 109, 210 122, 126, 121, 123 125, 100, 109, 200 190, 190, 191, 192
122, 126, 121, 123
What is the power of 10 when 75,200 is written in scientific notation?
4
Use the drop-down menus to order the steps involved in protein production. The strand of RNA moves to the ribosome. The DNA double helix unzips The strand of RNA leaves the nucleus A protein is produced. A strand of RNA is made from a strand of DNA.
4 1 3 5 2
What is the power of 10 when 157,821 is written in scientific notation?
5
Having white wool (W) is dominant over having black wool (w). A heterozygous parent with white wool is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent with black wool. What is the probability that the offspring will have black wool? 25% 50% 75% 100%
50%
Which best describes the storage of the genetic code? A gene is a segment of DNA, a condensed DNA molecule makes up a chromosome, a chromosome is inside a nucleus, and a nucleus is contained within a cell. A DNA molecule is a segment of a gene, a gene makes up a chromosome, a chromosome is inside a cell, and a cell is contained within a nucleus. A gene is a segment of a chromosome, a condensed chromosome makes up a DNA molecule, a DNA molecule is inside a nucleus, and a nucleus is contained within a cell. A DNA molecule is a segment of a chromosome, a chromosome makes up a gene, a gene is inside a cell, and a cell is contained within a nucleus
A gene is a segment of DNA, a condensed DNA molecule makes up a chromosome, a chromosome is inside a nucleus, and a nucleus is contained within a cell.
Scientists studied reproduction in the New Zealand mud snail. They wanted to determine whether reproducing sexually or asexually was more beneficial for the snails. Which of these hypotheses would least likely aid the scientists as they worked to answer the question? Sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction because it reduces the rate of mutation accumulation. Asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it allows the snails to produce more offspring. Sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction because it allows for snails to have increased genetic variation. Asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it decreases the snails' need for social interaction.
Asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it decreases the snails' need for social interaction.
Asexual and sexual reproduction differences
Asexual: no fertilization, no gametes, exact DNA, prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism, binary fission-prokaryotes, mitosis for eukaryotes, important for reproduction , growth and repair Sexual: fertilization, gametes, genetic variation, only eukaryotic, gametes through meiosis, important for reproduction
Analyze experimental design
Differentiate between replication and repetition Distinguish between accuracy from precision Evaluate data for accuracy and reproducibility Write measurements in standard form and scientific notation
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates used for energy Lipids used for log-term energy storage Proteins used for tissue growth and repair Nucleic acids are used for storing and transmitting genetic information
investigations make it possible to study a wide range of variables.
Comparative
investigations show relationships that do not always indicate cause-and-effect relationships.
Comparative
Descriptive investigations involve collecting data about a system, but not making
Comparison
Complete the passage to describe the genetic code. Organisms have a code found in nucleic acids that stores and transmits genetic information. This code is called the genetic code. This code is found in a type of nucleic acid called
DNA
Which statements describe functions of DNA? Select three options. DNA gives instructions on how to make keratin, the protein that makes up human hair and skin. DNA contains information about eye and fur color that is passed on from parents to kittens. DNA provides energy for cheetahs to run fast. DNA helps create substances that fight the bacteria that enter the body. DNA stores energy for a bear as it hibernates during the winter.
DNA gives instructions on how to make keratin, the protein that makes up human hair and skin. DNA contains information about eye and fur color that is passed on from parents to kittens. DNA helps create substances that fight the bacteria that enter the body.
Use information from the lesson and article (Transcription and Translation on pages 3 and 4, respectively) to answer the question. Which statements differentiate DNA and RNA? Select three options. DNA is a double helix, and RNA is a single strand. DNA moves in and out of the nucleus, and RNA stays in the nucleus DNA is involved only in transcription, and RNA is involved in both transcription and translation. DNA is involved in both transcription and translation, and RNA is involved only in translation. DNA does not have uracil as a nitrogen base, but RNA does have uracil as a nitrogen base.
DNA is a double helix, and RNA is a single strand. DNA is involved only in transcription, and RNA is involved in both transcription and translation. DNA does not have uracil as a nitrogen base, but RNA does have uracil as a nitrogen base.
Which statements describe the functions of DNA? Check all that apply. DNA destroys bacteria and viruses that cause sicknesses in organisms. DNA plays a role in the growth and reproduction of organisms. DNA stores energy for the organism to use in the future when food is scarce. DNA guides the formation of an organism's structures. DNA helps organisms function by telling them how to function.
DNA plays a role in the growth and reproduction of organisms. DNA guides the formation of an organism's structures.
What ae structures and functions of DNA?
DNA shape: twist and ladder =double helix Backbone composed of: sugar molecules (deoxyribose), phosphate molecules DNA Rungs: are composed of molecules called nitrogen, 4 nitrogen bases (Thymine T, Adenine A, Cytosine C, Guanine G) two of the bases join together and make rung Functions: formation of an organism's structure, process that affect how an organism functions (look and function), growth and reproduction cells need to divide to grow and reproduce , DNA must be copied in process called replication
Order the steps of Protein production
DNA unzips Strand of RNA is made RNA leaves nucleus RNA moves to ribosome a protein is produced
Huan wants to enter the science fair at his school. He has a list of ideas for his project. Which questions could be answered through scientific investigation? Check all that apply. Does pressure have an effect on the volume of a gas? Which physicist was the smartest? Is the information on the periodic table difficult to understand? Which brand of soap is the best for cleaning grease off dishes? Which laboratory experiment is the most fun to perform?
Does pressure have an effect on the volume of a gas? Which brand of soap is the best for cleaning grease off dishes?
investigations are best for demonstrating cause-and-effect relationships.
Experimental
investigations cannot perfectly reproduce the conditions of the natural world.
Experimental
Which scientists concluded that DNA is a three-dimensional molecule? Check all that apply. Francis Crick Friedrich Miescher James Watson Maurice Wilkins Rosalind Franklin
Francis Crick James Watson
Which scientist first discovered DNA? Maurice Wilkins Rosalind Franklin Friedrich Miescher
Friedrich Miescher
Which nitrogen base sequence is the partner of C-A-T-C-G-A? C-A-T-C-G-A G-T-A-G-C-T T-G-C-T-A-G G-C-A-T-G-T
G-T-A-G-C-T
Which question about dogs could be answered through scientific investigation? How loving a pet is an Irish terrier? How fast does an Australian terrier grow? Which type of dog gets along the best with cats? Which breed of dog is the cutest to children?
How fast does an Australian terrier grow?
Which statements describe the genetic code? Select four options. It is a protein. It is a nucleic acid. It is found in DNA. It is found in the cell membrane. It is used to build an organism's structures. It allows parents and their young to have similar characteristics.
It is a nucleic acid. It is found in DNA. It is used to build an organism's structures. It allows parents and their young to have similar characteristics.
Which important property of DNA did Friedrich Miescher discover? It is made partly of sugar molecules. It has a double-helix structure. It is three-dimensional. It is found in the nucleus of a cell
It is found in the nucleus of a cell.
Which scientist discovered DNA after experimenting with white blood cells? Watson Franklin Miescher Wilkin
Miescher
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Be sure to include at least two similarities and three differences.
Mitosis results in cells that are identical to the parent, whereas in meiosis, the daughter cells are gametes with half the genetic material as the parent. In meiosis, cells undergo two rounds of division. In mitosis, they go through one. Mitosis is the driving mechanism in asexual reproduction, whereas, meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction.
Which describes the correct procedure when converting a number from scientific notation to standard notation if the power of 10 is -10? Move the decimal point to the left. Move the decimal point to the right. Add 20 to the number. Subtract 20 from the number.
Move the decimal point to the left.
Asexual disadvantages
Mutations affect the entire society of offspring, there is no genetic variation, all offspring are identical to the parent
If white wool (W) is dominant over black wool (w), can two sheep with black wool produce an offspring with white wool? Explain your answer.
No, because of black being a recessive it would only have the lowercase alleles.
Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction. Be sure to include at least two similarities and three differences.
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes vs. only eukaryotes Mitosis and binary fission vs. meiosis Both forms of reproduction Two vs. four cells produced Diploid vs. haploid cells produced Advantages or disadvantages of each
Which statements describe proteins? Select three options. Proteins are created from the code in DNA. Proteins are synthesized in the nucleus of a cell. DNA and RNA are proteins. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins affect the structures and functions of living things. The shape and the function of a protein are not related.
Proteins are created from the code in DNA. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Which best compares DNA and RNA with regard to the process of protein production? DNA transforms from a nucleic acid into a protein, and RNA remains a nucleic acid. RNA transforms from a nucleic acid into a protein, and DNA remains a nucleic acid. DNA leaves the nucleus during the process and RNA remains in the nucleus. RNA leaves the nucleus during the process and DNA remains in the nucleus.
RNA leaves the nucleus during the process and DNA remains in the nucleus
Which statements describe the process of scientific inquiry? Check all that apply. Scientific inquiry is used only by scientists. Scientific inquiry is a process of asking and answering questions. Scientific inquiry has only one correct pathway. Scientific inquiry often involves similar processes and practices. Scientific inquiry involves performing investigations and collecting data.
Scientific inquiry is a process of asking and answering questions. Scientific inquiry often involves similar processes and practices. Scientific inquiry involves performing investigations and collecting data.
Which best summarizes the scientific process that led to our current understanding of DNA? Each scientist made an important, but unrelated, contribution. Scientists built on the previous work of other scientists to make new discoveries. Most of the discoveries were made by chance and did not depend on prior knowledge. The most important contributions were made within the same time period of the late 1800s.
Scientists built on the previous work of other scientists to make new discoveries.
Use the data to answer the question. Correct Data: 23 Experiment 1: 17.8 Experiment 2: 18.0 Experiment 3: 17.9 Experiment 4: 18.2 Which best describes the data? They are accurate and reproducible. They are accurate but not reproducible. They are precise and reproducible. They are precise but not reproducible.
They are precise and reproducible.
Why are experimental investigations the best type of scientific investigation to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships?
The investigator can actively manipulate variables and control conditions. A relationship can be demonstrated between the independent and dependent variables. A control group can be used for comparison Experimental investigations are the best type of scientific investigation to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships because they allow the investigator to actively manipulate variables and control conditions. The independent variable can be isolated and manipulated, producing a change (or no change) in the dependent variable. This change can be measured to gather evidence to support or refute the cause-and-effect relationship. Experimental investigations also use a control group (a group that does not receive the factor being tested) for comparison.
Use the data to answer the question. Which best describes the data? They are accurate and reproducible. They are accurate but not reproducible. They are precise and reproducible. They are precise but not reproducible.
They are precise and reproducible.
Which statement best describes comparative and descriptive investigations? They both include a question, procedure and conclusion. They both include a hypothesis. They both require a specified control group. They both use independent and dependent variables.
They both include a question, procedure and conclusion.
Where in the cell do transcription and translation take place? Transcription takes place in a protein, and translation takes place in the nucleus. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in ribosomes. Transcription takes place in ribosomes, and translation takes place in a protein.
Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in ribosomes.
Complete the sentences to describe how nitrogen bases pair up in DNA. Adenine always pairs with____ Cytosine always pairs with______
Tymine Guanine
The transcription of the information in DNA involves the pairing of the nitrogen bases of DNA with RNA nucleotides to form a molecule of messenger RNA. Review this pairing process on page 3 of the article under the subheading "Transcription." Then, complete the pairing activity below. Choose the RNA nitrogen bases that pair with the DNA nitrogen bases listed. Be sure to use the capital letters that represent the nitrogen bases. A pairs with_____ C pairs with_____ T pairs with____
U G A
Having white wool (W) is dominant over having black wool (w). A homozygous dominant parent is crossed with a heterozygous parent. The Punnett square shows the possible genotypes of the offspring. What is the genotype of each square?
WW Ww WW Ww
Which two scientists worked together to develop a three-dimensional model of DNA? Miescher and Wilkins Crick and Miescher Franklin and Watson Watson and Crick
Watson and Crick
Use the drop-down menus to complete the sentences. ________confirmed the three-dimensional structure of DNA. _______first discovered DNA and named it "nuclein." ______first photo of DNA which helped scientists understand its structure. _______studied DNA using special X-rays.
Watson and Crick Miescher Franklin Wilkins
What is the difference between accurate data and reproducible data?
What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. Accurate data are close to the correct or accepted value. Reproducible data can be duplicated. Reproducible data are not always accurate. Sample Response: Accurate data are close to the correct or accepted value. If data are reproducible, the data are recurring, or duplicated. Reproducible data, however, are not always accurate. Data may be produced over and over, making them precise but inaccurate. This may indicate a flaw in the experimental design.
Explain how DNA, which is six feet long, can be stored in the nucleus of a tiny human cell.
What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. DNA is twisted in a double helix. DNA is wrapped around proteins. DNA is condensed into chromosomes. This "packaging" is what allows a six-foot-long DNA molecule to fit into the nucleus of a tiny cell. DNA is twisted in a double helix, then wrapped around proteins and condensed into chromosomes. This "packaging" is what allows a six-foot-long DNA molecule to fit into the nucleus of a tiny cell.
Pablo wants to enter the science fair. Which question could be answered through scientific investigation? Which sport is the most fun to watch? Who is the greatest pitcher of the last one hundred years? When is the best baseball team determined each year? What is the best angle to throw a ball for maximum distance?
What is the best angle to throw a ball for maximum distance?
Having white wool (W) is dominant over having black wool (w). A homozygous dominant parent is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent. The Punnett square shows the possible genotypes of the offspring. Each offspring will express a phenotype of
White wool
Having white wool (W) is dominant over having black wool (w). A homozygous dominant parent is crossed with a homozygous recessive parent. The Punnett square shows the possible genotypes of the offspring. Each square will have the same genotype of
Ww
A: homozygous dominant B: homozygous recessive C: heterozygous Ww is an example of homozygous dominanthomozygous recessive✔ heterozygous. WW is an example of ✔ homozygous dominanthomozygous recessiveheterozygous. ww is an example of homozygous dominant✔ homozygous recessiveheterozygous.
Ww is an example of homozygous heterozygous. WW is an example of ✔ homozygous dominanthomozygous recessiveheterozygous. ww is an example of homozygous dominant✔ homozygous recessiveheterozygous.
Which tool did Maurice Watkins and Rosalind Franklin use when studying DNA? electron microscope X-ray machine spectrometer digital camera
X-ray machine
chromatin
a complex of nucleic acids and proteins that make up chromosomes
Which part of an investigation is only found in an experimental investigation? a hypothesis a control group a procedure a conclusion
a control group
trait
a genetically determined characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring
meiosis
a process involving two cell divisions, in which one diploid cell produces four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell Genetic material is split in half Original cell is diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent, total of 46 chromosomes, 4haploid cells each with 23 chromosomes There are two cell divisions (PMAT I, PMAT II), produces 4 haploid gametes
What is always included in a comparative investigation? a dependent variable an independent variable a hypothesis a scientific question
a scientific question
gene
a segment of DNA that codes for a trait and is transferred from parent to offspring
helix
a shape that looks like a twisted ladder
scientific notation
a simplified way to write numbers that are very large or very small
accuracy
accuracy is the close ness of measured value t the accepted value
Complete the T-chart by categorizing each statement as an advantage or disadvantage of sexual reproduction. Not all mutations are passed on. It is time and energy consuming. The reproduction process is slow. It provides genetic variation.
advantage disadvantage disadvantage advantage
RNA
an abbreviation for "ribonucleic acid," which is a type of nucleic acid that plays a role in making proteins
New cells are made every second. Select every example that would involve new cells being made.
an egg being fertilized by a sperm and developing into a zygote a child growing a bacterial cell reproducing a pollen grain landing on a plant ovule that will develop into a seed a burned area of skin healing
Asexual and sexual reproduction similarities
are important to life produce new cells from preexisting cells have specific process of cell division
Which process produces a greater number of offspring? chromosome duplication asexual reproduction gamete formation sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
Akira wonders, "Will adding a catalyst speed up this chemical reaction?"
asking a question
Asexually reproducing cells
bacteria protists body cells
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through the process of
binary fission
Which describes the process of a bacterial cell dividing to create two daughter cells? binary fission fertilization meiosis gamete formation
binary fission
In a laboratory, Nakisha mixes a sodium hydroxide solution with an indicator called phenolphthalein. When combined, they create a pink solution. Nakisha wonders if mixing other solutions with phenolphthalein will also create this pink color. How could Nakisha use the scientific inquiry process to determine whether mixing other solutions with phenolphthalein will also create a pink color? Check all that apply. by making qualitative observations about the sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein in solution by asking a classmate if sodium hydroxide turns pink when mixed with other solutions by comparing the given solution to other familiar solutions containing phenolphthalein by designing an experiment to test phenolphthalein with other solutions by repeating the experiment at different temperatures
by making qualitative observations about the sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein in solution by comparing the given solution to other familiar solutions containing phenolphthalein by designing an experiment to test phenolphthalein with other solutions
How does the author organize the text or ideas in the article? Select three options. by using paragraphs to focus on ideas by using images that help explain or focus on an idea by using an outline to list the steps in a process by using a table to show steps in a process by using subheadings to separate steps in a process
by using paragraphs to focus on ideas by using images that help explain or focus on an idea by using subheadings to separate steps in a process
Storage of genetic code
chromosome is a structure in nucleus of an eukaryotic cell that is made up of condensed DNA. Chromatin is a complex of nucleic acids and proteins that make up chromosomes A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait
Akira records the speed of a reaction, first without a catalyst, and then with a catalyst.
collecting data
Akira turns in a written lab report to his science teacher.
communicating results
Which kind of investigations are meant to provide large amounts of information about a wide range of variables? hypothesis experimental descriptive comparative
comparative
__________investigations show relationships that do not always indicate cause-and-effect relationships.
comparative
A teacher gives students four liquids commonly found in the kitchen - vinegar, apple juice, dish detergent, and milk - and pH indicator strips, which measure acidity. The teacher asks the students to put the liquids in order from most acidic to most basic. What type of investigation could the students conduct to determine the correct order for the liquids? The type of liquid is the________ group. The pH is the_____.
comparative independent variable dependent variable
Which describes the best approach when conducting a scientific experiment? conduct repeated trials and make sure the experiment can be replicated conduct a single trial and make sure the experiment can be replicated conduct repeated trials and make sure the experiment cannot be replicated conduct a single trial and make sure the experiment cannot be replicated
conduct repeated trials and make sure the experiment can be replicated
James Watson and Francis Crick
confirm that DNA is three-dimensional molecule
Which of these are components of DNA? Select five options. deoxyribose sugar molecules ribose sugar molecules adenine phosphate molecules ribosome cytosine thymine
deoxyribose sugar molecules phosphate molecules cytosine thymine
Importance to living organism
depend on asexual reproduction Growth, repair and reproduction
_____investigations often are not repeatable because the results may change over time.
descriptive
Which cell type is produced by mitosis? haploid diploid sperm gamete
diploid
Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. A segment of DNA is called a_________ A complex of nucleic acids and proteins that make up chromosomes is called___________ A structure in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell that is made up of condensed DNA is called a__________
gene chromatin chromosomes
DNA
genetic code deoxirbonucleicacid genetic material that is passed from parent to offspring and affects the traits of the offspring
Sexual advantages
genetic variation, not all mutations are passed on
Nitrogen base pairing
have specific pairing Thymine T always with Adenine A Cytosine C always with Guanine G Tiger Are Certainly Great
haploid
having one set of chromosomes
diploid
having two sets of chromosomes
Complete the sentences to describe the structure of DNA. The shape of the DNA molecule is called a double______________ The backbone of DNA is made of_____________________molecules and phosphate molecules. The "rungs" of DNA are made of______________________
helix sugar nitrogen bases
The humane genome project
human genetic codes was decoded in 1990-2003 researchers estimated human DNA contains 19,000 genes help understand human disease and genetic codes of other organism
An advertisement for a new fish food claims that lab studies show that fish grew three inches in three weeks while eating the food. Travis wondered if the food was worth the extra cost. To evaluate the claim in the advertisement, Travis should look at the data for the control group to see how much the fish grew without the new food. check the lab results to see if the researchers changed the dependent variable in the same way. examine the data to find how the researchers changed the variables within the control group. determine if the results show the independent variable changing as the dependent variable was changed.
look at the data for the control group to see how much the fish grew without the new food.
Which process can be described as two cell divisions, genetic variation, and haploid cells? meiosis mitosis binary fission fertilization
meiosis
Which is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction? mutation accumulation genetic variation slow reproduction process mate required
mutation accumulation
Which substances compose the backbone of DNA? sugars and lipids phosphates and amino acids sugars and phosphates lipids and proteins
sugars and phosphates
Which molecule involved in protein synthesis was mentioned in "Our Molecular Selves" but not in "Your DNA at Work"? amino acid tRNA mRNA DNA
tRNA
Based on the video, what is the function of tRNA molecules? tRNA molecules copy the information contained in DNA. tRNA molecules bring amino acids for the ribosome to link together. tRNA molecules move proteins out of the cell. tRNA molecules move along a section of DNA and unzip it.
tRNA molecules bring amino acids for the ribosome to link together.
repetition
the act of performing a task several times It is used in science because it: reduces mistakes, increases confidence in the results
In the lab, the dominant phenotype for sheep color is wool and the recessive phenotype for sheep color is wool.
white, and black
replication
the process by which DNA is copied
Valid
to be based in fact
Rosalind Franklin
used x-ray to take picture of DNA
Write this number in standard notation. 1.986 x 10over 6
1,986,000
investigations are usually less time-consuming and less expensive.
Descriptive
investigations often are not repeatable because the results may change over time.
Descriptive
Use the data set to answer the question. Correct value: 59.2 Trial 1: 58.7 Trial 2: 59.3 Trial 3: 60.0 Trial 4: 58.9 Trial 5: 59.2 Which best describes the data set? It is accurate but not precise. It is precise but not accurate. It is both accurate and precise. It is neither accurate nor precise.
It is both accurate and precise.
Use the data set to answer the question. Correct value: 27 Data set: 19, 31, 22, 28, 24 Which best describes the data set? It is accurate but not precise. It is precise but not accurate. It is accurate and precise. It is neither accurate nor precise.
It is neither accurate nor precise.
Which statement accurately describes science? It lacks a process. It is not updated often. It is supported by evidence.
It is supported by evidence.
Which best explains why replicating an experiment should be done by someone other than the person who originally did the experiment? It shows that the results are the same using different methods. It shows that the experiment is easy to do. It shows that the results are as expected. It shows that the experiment is designed properly.
It shows that the experiment is designed properly.
Renald completed only one trial of his experiment. What effect will this most likely have? The results are more likely to have errors. The results are more likely to be precise. The experiment will be harder to replicate. The experiment will be easier to replicate.
The results are more likely to have errors.
gamete
a male or female sex cell (male sperm and female egg)
Rhonda watched a video taken by a camera that was lifted into the upper atmosphere by a weather balloon. She saw the balloon pop when it reached a certain height. Afterward, Rhonda wondered what effect the air pressure at high altitudes has on the volume of gas in balloons. What scientific practice is Rhonda performing? asking a question providing explanations communicating results performing an investigation
asking a question
What is 6.9 × 107 written in standard form? 0.00000069 0.000069 6,900,000 69,000,000
69,000,000
Results of scientific investigation
Data are thee information obtained through a scientific investigation. Can be used as evidence to answer a question or support a conclusion Must be reliable and consistent
Why aren't descriptive investigations repeatable?
Descriptive investigations are based on observations made at a single point in time. The results of descriptive investigations may vary at different points in time. Descriptive investigations do not contain variables that may indicate cause-and-effect relationships. Sample Response: Descriptive investigations are not repeatable because they are based only on observations made at a single point in time. The results may vary at a different time. In addition, descriptive investigations do not contain variables that may indicate cause-and-effect relationships.
How do scientist conduct scientific investigations?
Descriptive, comparative, experimental
Scientific design
Different scientific designs follow similar method Scientists communicate their results in a particular format Other scientist can repeat the experiments and confirm results Good design and repeatability ensure valid results
Comparative Investigation
Involve collecting data for comparison. Include: Hypothesis, Independent variable, dependent variable, procedure, conclusion. Benefit: provide large amount of information, use a wide range of variables Limitations: show a relationship that does not always indicate cause and effect
Experimental Investigation
Involve experiments to gather evidence that supports or refuses a hypothesis. Include: hypothesis, scientific question, Independent variable and dependent variable, control group, procedure, conclusion Benefit: are best for cause-effect relationship, allow for control of variable, can be repeated. Limitations: can lack practicality, can often occur in a laboratory setting
Descriptive Investigation
Involving collecting data about a system; making observations, buy not comparison. Include: procedure, scientific question, conclusion Benefit: less expensive, less time consuming, provide a large amount of data Limitations: cannot show cause and effect, give results that can change over time, are not repeatable
Science
Is a way of learning about the world. Can take place anywhere. Can be practiced by anyone. Involves making observations and inferences.
scientific inquiry
Is any process used to ask and answer questions about the natural world. Involves different paths. Uses similar processes and practices. Is not just for scientists. Involves: asking question, performing investigations, collecting data, providing explanation, communicating results.
scientific question
Is based on observation and can be answered through an investigation. A good scientific question: has a narrow focus, addresses a gap in knowledge, may lead to a hypothesis that can be tested.
Explain the difference between repetition and replication.
Repetition refers to performing multiple trials throughout an experiment. Repetition reduces mistakes and increases one's confidence in the results. Replication refers to the ability of a process to be repeated by another individual. When a scientist replicates the experiment of another, the experiment should produce the same results. Sample Response: Repetition refers to performing multiple trials throughout an experiment. Repetition reduces mistakes and increases one's confidence in the results. Replication refers to the ability of a process to be repeated by another individual. When a scientist replicates the experiment of another, the experiment should produce the same results.
Name one benefit and one limitation of comparative investigations.
They provide a large amount of information. They use a wide range of variables. The relationships they reveal do not always indicate cause and effect. Sample Response: Comparative investigations provide large amounts of information and use a wide range of variables. However, they may reveal relationships that do not always indicate cause and effect.
Claudia performed a flame test in her lab. The result of her flame test is shown here What scientific questions could Claudia ask about the flame? Check all that apply. What element causes this flame color? Is this the prettiest flame color? Will the flame color change if another element is added? Will changing the temperature affect the flame color? Which flame test does the class like the best?
What element causes this flame color? Will the flame color change if another element is added? Will changing the temperature affect the flame color?
After watching a show about submarines, Jamil wants to learn more about the oceans. Which question could be answered through scientific investigation? Which ocean has the best beaches? Which type of whale is the most popular? What ocean has the best scuba diving spots? What substances dissolve in ocean water?
What substances dissolve in ocean water?
Carlos is conducting an investigation in which he changes one variable and measures how it affects another. He also has one group that does not receive the factor being tested. What type of investigation is Carlos conducting?
experimental
Chou is curious about the effect of magnets on how plants grow. He sets up ten pots with alfalfa sprouts. He places strong magnets under five of the pots but does not put magnets under the other five pots. This is an example of which scientific practice? collecting data providing explanations communicating results performing an investigation
not a
Sheila conducts an investigation to see how the amount of salt dissolved in water affects the density of the water. Which statement best describes the correct plan for her procedure? The density and the amount of water are controls, and the amount of salt and the type of salt are variables. The amount of water and the amount of salt are controls, and the type of salt and the density are variables. The type of salt and the amount of water are controls, and the amount of salt and the density are variables. The type of salt and the density of water are controls, and the amount of salt and the amount of water are variables.
not a
Keisha is making a table summarizing her notes about the different types of investigation. She places an X into the table to show which steps are included in a descriptive investigation. Part of the table is shown. Where should Keisha place an X? in Box 1 only in Box 2 only in Box 2, 3, and 4 in Box 1, 2, 3, and 4
not b
replication
the ability of a process to be repeated in the same manner by another individual The repeated process should produce the same results
reproducibility
the ability of data to be duplicated, same results are expected to occur, experimental conditions may defer to some degree
precision
the closeness of measured values to other measured values
data:
the information obtained through a scientific investigation
binary fission
the process of cell division (asexual reproduction) in prokaryotic organisms by which the parent cell divides into two genetically identical cells Produces two identical cells in prokaryotes
mitosis
the process of cell division by which exact copies of chromosomes are divided to create two daughter cells, each with a complete set of identical chromosomes Has 4 steps (PMAT) Prophase: chromosome condense Metaphase: chromosomes line up in the middle Anaphase: chromosomes start to pull apart Telophase: cell prepares to divide Produces two identical cells in eukaryotes Budding: new offspring is generated from a section of the parent, mostly in protists and plants, some animals like sponges Spore formation: separates from a parent to a new organism. Living organism depend on asexual reproduction, living organism need this process
sexual reproduction
the process of joining gametes (an egg cell and a sperm cell) for reproduction Fertilization and gametes, genetic variation Eukaryotic organism Include: animals, many plants (flowering plants, ferns), insects, fish Gametes through meiosis
asexual reproduction
the process of reproduction in cells that does not involve joining gametes Exact DNA as parent Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism Binary fission and mitosis
