science test
How does mitosis in animal cells differ from mitosis in higher plant cells?
Plant cells divide by means of a cell plate., Animal cells undergo furrowing.
Why is grafting used in agriculture?
Plants are uniform and more vigorous Size of plants is controlled by grafting Some plants may survive generations only by grafting Valuable fruits and flowers can be grown on strong stock
Chromatin or chromosomes are duplicated during:
S phase
nuclear envelope
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell
What advantages are given to animals and plants by asexual reproduction?
They can reproduce in harsh climates They produce genetically identical offspring They reproduce at a rapid rate
Which statement(s) correspond(s) correctly to a mutation?
a mistake in the DNA "ladder", a copy error in the chromosomes
spindle apparatus
a system of fibers which go from one end of the cell to the other
Which of the following undergoes complete metamorphosis?
alfalfa weevil
The chromosomes separate and move in opposite directions during:
anaphase
The condition in which gametes of the same species have the same shape, but different sizes is called
anisogamy
Which of the following would always contain an egg cell?
archegonium
Which of the following cells would not divide using mitosis:
bacterial cell, gamete
A protozoan that divides to form two daughter cells just like itself would be undergoing:
binary fission
The technique of asexual reproduction most commonly used in the production of fruit trees is _____.
budding
A ____________ is a plant structure with enlarged leaf bases containing stored food surrounding a central bit of fleshy, stem tissue.
bulb
Which of the following structures contains a great deal of leaf tissue:
bulb
A drastic change from the juvenile stage to adult in one basic step which produces adults very different from the juveniles is called ______________ metamorphosis.
complete
The maximum number of sperm that can fertilize one egg is one, in order to yield a __________ chromosome condition..
diploid
Human beings have a ______________ kind of life cycle.
diplontic
How many chromosomes are produced by the first division during meiosis?
double the original
A zygote will develop into an ______ during the early stages.
embryo
The proteins which are required to reproduce DNA during interphase are:
enzymes
The genetic requirement for ____________ to operate is the acquiring of new genetic information during reproduction.
evolution
The majority of aquatic animals have ______________ fertilization.
external
(true or false) A successful scion will produce the product of the rootstock with greater quality.
false
(true or false) All the gametes of isogamous organisms are genetically identical.
false
(true or false) Animals have more mechanisms for asexual reproduction than plants.
false
(true or false) Eggs are motile.
false
(true or false) Gametangia are produced by gametes.
false
(true or false) Root cuttings are more commonly used than stem cuttings.
false
(true or false) The genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent.
false
(true or false) The new plant produced by the technique of layering must remain attached to the stem of the original plant.
false
(true or false) The stock is inserted into the scion during grafting.
false
Genetic recombination results from events during:
fertilization, first division of meiosis
larva
first part of life in an organism which undergoes metamorphosis
centriole
forms the pole of the spindle apparatus
The number of daughter cells produced by meiosis is:
four
Which of the following group of organisms would produce conidia:
fungi
Which of the following cells would have a different genetic composition than the other three in an animal with a diplontic life cycle?
gamete
Which of the following is not an advantage of asexual reproduction:
genetic variation of offspring
A generalized term for organs in animals which produce sex cells is:
gonad
Gametes have _____________ the chromosome number of the parent cell.
half
Asexual reproduction is most common in plants growing in __________ climates.
harsh
haploid
having chromosomes which occur singly, not in matched sets or pairs
Matched pairs of chromosomes are called:
homologous
pupa
inactive stage of change from juvenile phase to adult in many insects
Mammals have _____________ fertilization.
internal
Conjugation occurs in __________ protists and involves the transfer of genetic information between organisms.
isogamous
Organisms having a haplontic life cycle would probably be:
isogamous
A condition in which the gametes are the same shape and size would be called:
isogamy
The condition common to protozoa whereby the cell of the organism acts as a gamete is
isogamy
The technique of growing plants in which a section of the stem is covered with soil and a partial cut is made between the parent plant and the buried part of the stem is called:
layering
homologous chromosomes
matched units of DNA containing genetic information
haplontic life cycle
meiosis occurs shortly after fertilization
diplontic life cycle
meiosis produces eggs and sperm
Animals that change greatly from the juvenile to the adult phases of life are said to undergo
metamorphosis
furrowing
method of cytokinesis in animals
The kind of cell division associated with an increase in size and weight of an organism is called ______
mitosis
Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction is usually associated with the production of spores:
multiple fission
Each chromosome usually contains:
one gene for a particular trait
Organisms having eggs and sperm are said to be:
oogamous
In flowering plants the egg occurs inside the:
ovary
anaphase
period of mitosis in which chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
interphase
period when the cell is not engaged in division
meiosis
produces daughter cells with fewer chromosomes than the parent cell
What are three advantages to sexual reproduction?
produces genetic variations Produces disease-free seed plants produces resistance to unfavorable conditions
Which of the following expressions is not a function of mitosis:
production of gametes
The nuclear envelope disintegrates during:
prophase
The phase during mitosis when DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is:
prophase
Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction cannot occur in a unicellular organism:
regeneration
Damaged cells of an organism are usually ___________ by mitosis.
replaced
An adventitious bud would be formed on a:
root
Genetic variability, or the uniqueness of individual offspring, for many animals and plants is the result of a process called
sexual reproduction
Which of the following would be produced by meiosis:
sperm cell
Chromosomes are attached to the __________during the metaphase of mitosis.
spindle fibers
The vigor of a rootstock is usually _____________ than that of the root system produced by the scion.
stronger
The cell plate is formed during:
telophase
The spindle apparatus disintegrates during the _____ of mitosis.
telophase
Why don't cyanobacteria and bacteria reproduce by mitosis?
they do not contain chromosomes
chromatin
threadlike substance in nucleus which carries genetic information
The two basic functions of meiosis are:
to maintain chromosome number through generations, cause genetic variations by recombination
(true or false) All the chromosomes in a diploid cell are paired.
true
(true or false) An elongated, horizontal stem that grows at the surface of the ground or just below it is called a rhizome.
true
(true or false) It is possible for some microorganisms to have two sexes.
true
(true or false) Nearly all plants can be reproduced asexually.
true
(true or false) Occasionally asexual reproduction can cause undesirable proliferation of an organism.
true
(true or false) Oogamy always involves fertilization from gametes of differing sizes.
true
(true or false) Some cells of the body like neurons and brain cells do not reproduce themselves.
true
(true or false) Successful breeding is limited to the gametes of the same created "kinds" of organisms.
true
(true or false) The most commonly used method of asexual reproduction used in gardening is the cutting.
true
A fleshy, enlarged end of a stolon is called a:
tuber
The area or kind of community that would have the highest portion of the species reproducing by asexual means is a:
tundra
Meiosis takes place in an animal with a diplontic life cycle:
when gametes are produced
A fertilized egg cell is called the:
zygote