science test

How does mitosis in animal cells differ from mitosis in higher plant cells?

Plant cells divide by means of a cell plate., Animal cells undergo furrowing.

Why is grafting used in agriculture?

Plants are uniform and more vigorous Size of plants is controlled by grafting Some plants may survive generations only by grafting Valuable fruits and flowers can be grown on strong stock

Chromatin or chromosomes are duplicated during:

S phase

nuclear envelope

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

What advantages are given to animals and plants by asexual reproduction?

They can reproduce in harsh climates They produce genetically identical offspring They reproduce at a rapid rate

Which statement(s) correspond(s) correctly to a mutation?

a mistake in the DNA "ladder", a copy error in the chromosomes

spindle apparatus

a system of fibers which go from one end of the cell to the other

Which of the following undergoes complete metamorphosis?

alfalfa weevil

The chromosomes separate and move in opposite directions during:

anaphase

The condition in which gametes of the same species have the same shape, but different sizes is called

anisogamy

Which of the following would always contain an egg cell?

archegonium

Which of the following cells would not divide using mitosis:

bacterial cell, gamete

A protozoan that divides to form two daughter cells just like itself would be undergoing:

binary fission

The technique of asexual reproduction most commonly used in the production of fruit trees is _____.

budding

A ____________ is a plant structure with enlarged leaf bases containing stored food surrounding a central bit of fleshy, stem tissue.

bulb

Which of the following structures contains a great deal of leaf tissue:

bulb

A drastic change from the juvenile stage to adult in one basic step which produces adults very different from the juveniles is called ______________ metamorphosis.

complete

The maximum number of sperm that can fertilize one egg is one, in order to yield a __________ chromosome condition..

diploid

Human beings have a ______________ kind of life cycle.

diplontic

How many chromosomes are produced by the first division during meiosis?

double the original

A zygote will develop into an ______ during the early stages.

embryo

The proteins which are required to reproduce DNA during interphase are:

enzymes

The genetic requirement for ____________ to operate is the acquiring of new genetic information during reproduction.

evolution

The majority of aquatic animals have ______________ fertilization.

external

(true or false) A successful scion will produce the product of the rootstock with greater quality.

false

(true or false) All the gametes of isogamous organisms are genetically identical.

false

(true or false) Animals have more mechanisms for asexual reproduction than plants.

false

(true or false) Eggs are motile.

false

(true or false) Gametangia are produced by gametes.

false

(true or false) Root cuttings are more commonly used than stem cuttings.

false

(true or false) The genetic information in a gamete is identical to one of the original separated sets of chromosomes in the parent.

false

(true or false) The new plant produced by the technique of layering must remain attached to the stem of the original plant.

false

(true or false) The stock is inserted into the scion during grafting.

false

Genetic recombination results from events during:

fertilization, first division of meiosis

larva

first part of life in an organism which undergoes metamorphosis

centriole

forms the pole of the spindle apparatus

The number of daughter cells produced by meiosis is:

four

Which of the following group of organisms would produce conidia:

fungi

Which of the following cells would have a different genetic composition than the other three in an animal with a diplontic life cycle?

gamete

Which of the following is not an advantage of asexual reproduction:

genetic variation of offspring

A generalized term for organs in animals which produce sex cells is:

gonad

Gametes have _____________ the chromosome number of the parent cell.

half

Asexual reproduction is most common in plants growing in __________ climates.

harsh

haploid

having chromosomes which occur singly, not in matched sets or pairs

Matched pairs of chromosomes are called:

homologous

pupa

inactive stage of change from juvenile phase to adult in many insects

Mammals have _____________ fertilization.

internal

Conjugation occurs in __________ protists and involves the transfer of genetic information between organisms.

isogamous

Organisms having a haplontic life cycle would probably be:

isogamous

A condition in which the gametes are the same shape and size would be called:

isogamy

The condition common to protozoa whereby the cell of the organism acts as a gamete is

isogamy

The technique of growing plants in which a section of the stem is covered with soil and a partial cut is made between the parent plant and the buried part of the stem is called:

layering

homologous chromosomes

matched units of DNA containing genetic information

haplontic life cycle

meiosis occurs shortly after fertilization

diplontic life cycle

meiosis produces eggs and sperm

Animals that change greatly from the juvenile to the adult phases of life are said to undergo

metamorphosis

furrowing

method of cytokinesis in animals

The kind of cell division associated with an increase in size and weight of an organism is called ______

mitosis

Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction is usually associated with the production of spores:

multiple fission

Each chromosome usually contains:

one gene for a particular trait

Organisms having eggs and sperm are said to be:

oogamous

In flowering plants the egg occurs inside the:

ovary

anaphase

period of mitosis in which chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

interphase

period when the cell is not engaged in division

meiosis

produces daughter cells with fewer chromosomes than the parent cell

What are three advantages to sexual reproduction?

produces genetic variations Produces disease-free seed plants produces resistance to unfavorable conditions

Which of the following expressions is not a function of mitosis:

production of gametes

The nuclear envelope disintegrates during:

prophase

The phase during mitosis when DNA separates into pairs of chromosomes is:

prophase

Which of the following methods of asexual reproduction cannot occur in a unicellular organism:

regeneration

Damaged cells of an organism are usually ___________ by mitosis.

replaced

An adventitious bud would be formed on a:

root

Genetic variability, or the uniqueness of individual offspring, for many animals and plants is the result of a process called

sexual reproduction

Which of the following would be produced by meiosis:

sperm cell

Chromosomes are attached to the __________during the metaphase of mitosis.

spindle fibers

The vigor of a rootstock is usually _____________ than that of the root system produced by the scion.

stronger

The cell plate is formed during:

telophase

The spindle apparatus disintegrates during the _____ of mitosis.

telophase

Why don't cyanobacteria and bacteria reproduce by mitosis?

they do not contain chromosomes

chromatin

threadlike substance in nucleus which carries genetic information

The two basic functions of meiosis are:

to maintain chromosome number through generations, cause genetic variations by recombination

(true or false) All the chromosomes in a diploid cell are paired.

true

(true or false) An elongated, horizontal stem that grows at the surface of the ground or just below it is called a rhizome.

true

(true or false) It is possible for some microorganisms to have two sexes.

true

(true or false) Nearly all plants can be reproduced asexually.

true

(true or false) Occasionally asexual reproduction can cause undesirable proliferation of an organism.

true

(true or false) Oogamy always involves fertilization from gametes of differing sizes.

true

(true or false) Some cells of the body like neurons and brain cells do not reproduce themselves.

true

(true or false) Successful breeding is limited to the gametes of the same created "kinds" of organisms.

true

(true or false) The most commonly used method of asexual reproduction used in gardening is the cutting.

true

A fleshy, enlarged end of a stolon is called a:

tuber

The area or kind of community that would have the highest portion of the species reproducing by asexual means is a:

tundra

Meiosis takes place in an animal with a diplontic life cycle:

when gametes are produced

A fertilized egg cell is called the:

zygote