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SCRUM PSM I Assessment

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The first Sprint can start as soon as the Product Backlog is complete. a. False b. True

A The Product Backlog is never complete.

Scrum Master is NOT a management role. a. True b. False

Which two of the following are mandatory elements in Scrum? a. Sprint Planning b. Story Points c. Pair-Programming d. Progress measurement e. Face-to-face communications

A, D

The Product Owner should determine how many items should be selected for the Sprint Backlog. a. True b. False

B Done by the developers

All Development Team members should be cross-functional. a. True b. False

B The team as a whole has to be cross-functional, not the individuals inside the team.

Who decides about engineering methods? a. The Project Manager b. The customer c. The whole Scrum Team d. The Scrum Master e. The Development Team f. The Solution Architect

Daily Scrums are held at the same time and same place every day. a. True b. False

Which two statements best describe the Product Backlog? a. It changes as we learn more about the project. b. Contains all tasks identified by the developers. c. It's used to create the project plan. d. It is never baselined.

A, D

At the end of the Sprint, all items are done except for one that is almost done. What should be done with this item? a. Move it back to the Product Backlog. b. It can be added to the Increment if the user acceptance tests are done. c. The Sprint will be extended until we complete the item. d. It can be added to the Increment if the customer accepts it.

The Development Team can have a Team Leader to improve communications and collaboration. YoursExpected a. False b. True

A company that is mature is using Scrum, and it also has a PMO. What is the role of that PMO? a. Manage portfolios and programs and facilitate the application of techniques that complement Scrum. b. There's no place for a PMO in such an organization. c. The PMO will be responsible for making higher level decision in the project. d. The PMO should manage and help the Scrum Masters.

The performance of the project should be measured at least... a. Once per Sprint b. Once a week c. Once a day d. Before or after each release

What do we do with Done items when the Sprint is cancelled? a. They will be reviewed, and if they are potentially releasable, the Product Owner typically accepts them. b. They should be moved back to the Product Backlog, and will be taken care of in future Sprints. c. They should be moved to the next Sprint Backlog.

What does a burn-down chart measure? a. Work remaining across time b. Cost of the project across time c. Work that is done based on the Definition of Done d. The amount of business value delivered to the customer

What does a burn-down chart measure? a. Work remaining across time b. Work that is done based on the Definition of Done c. The amount of business value delivered to the customer d. Cost of the project across time

What does it mean for a Development Team to be cross-functional? a. They have all the expertise required for the product, in such a way that they do not need any help from the outside. b. The developers work closely with business analysts, architects, and testers external to them. c. The team should collaborate with all functional units. d. Each Development Team member has all the expertise required for creating potentially releasable Increments.

What happens to the Done Product Backlog items when the Sprint is cancelled? a. They will be reviewed, and if they are potentially releasable, the Product Owner typically accepts them. b. They should be moved back to the Product Backlog, and will be taken care of in future Sprints. c. They should be moved to the next Sprint Backlog.

What type of test should be done during the Sprint? a. Every type of test b. All tests, except for user acceptance tests c. All tests, except for integration tests d. Unit tests

What's the main responsibility of a tester in Scrum? a. There are no testers in Scrum b. Tracking quality metrics c. Finding bugs d. Writing the test scripts as soon as the programmers start working on the code

When is an item in the Sprint Backlog considered complete? a. When it can be part of a potentially releasable Increment b. When the customer approves its completeness c. The item is ready for user acceptance testing d. When user acceptance tests are passed

Which of the following actions may a Scrum Master take in starting up a project? a. Ask the Development Team to discuss and identify the way they are going to develop the product. b. Ensure that a bonus system is in place for the top performance of individuals. c. Ask the development managers to introduce their departments and capabilities. d. Ask the team to work together and prepare a complete Product Backlog.

Which of the following are correct about the length of Sprints? a. All Sprints must be one month or less. b. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough for programming and testing all items, but not for integrating them. c. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough to develop all items in the Sprint Backlog. d. Depends on the position of the stars ;)

Which of the following best describes Sprint Planning? a. What can be done and how to do it b. What to do and who will do it c. Who will be in the team this Sprint? d. What was the feedback and how should we adapt the Product Backlog?

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used by a Scrum team? a. WBS, Gantt Chart b. Wiki, online forum c. Digital camera, task board d. Large screen, Planning Poker cards

Which of the following is NOT a feedback loop in Scrum? a. Product Backlog Refinement b. Sprint Planning c. Sprint Review d. Daily Scrum

Which of the following is a benefit of self-organization? a. Increased buy-in b. Increased cross-functionality c. Increased respect d. Increased predictability

Which of the following is required by Scrum? a. Definition of Done b. Story Points c. Test-Driven Development d. Having full-time developers

Which statement best describes the Product Backlog? a. It may change anytime, and it is never complete. b. Contains only small and clear items. c. Contains all tasks identified by the developers. d. Provides just enough information to enable the developers to design the product.

Which statement explains a benefit of having tests in the Definition of Done? a. Increments would be closer to potentially releasable. b. It defines when the Increment should be released. c. Increments would be more complete.

Who estimates the size of the Product Backlog items? a. The Development Team b. The Scrum Master c. The Product Owner d. The Scrum Team

How many hours per day should a Development Team member work? a. At a constant pace b. At least 6 ideal man-hours c. As much as needed for realizing the Sprint Backlog items by the end of the Sprint d. Between 6 and 16 hours, depending on the situation

A (a) This is one of the 12 Agile principles.

What is a benefit of having tests in the Definition of Done? a. Increases transparency of the Increments. b. Increments would be more complete. c. It defines when the Increment should be released. d. It makes reporting easier for the Project Manager.

A (a) Without tests, you never know if the integrated output really works, and you can't say if the Increment is what everyone expected it to be.

What does it mean for a Development Team to be cross-functional? a. The team includes not only programmers, but also testers, architects, UI designers, etc. b. Each Development Team member has all the expertise required for creating potentially releasable Increments. c. The team should collaborate with all functional units. d. The developers work closely with business analysts, architects, and testers external to them.

A (a) i.e. all skills needed to create the product. A cross-functional team is one that has all types of expertise that is required to develop the product. Note that this is about the team as a whole, not individual team members.

Scaled Scrum is one that conforms to Scrum and uses more than one team for all Sprints. a. False b. True

A 1. Scaled Scrum conforms to Scrum; i.e. it's compatible with Scrum. 2. It's called Scaled Scrum when there are more than one team; however, it's not necessary to have more than one team in all Sprints; it can be for some of them.

A real self-organizing team doesn't need a Scrum Master a. False b. True

A A Scrum Master doesn't disrupt self-organization; e.g. they "help" by removing impediments.

When the team becomes mature enough in using Scrum, they won't need a Scrum Master anymore. a. False b. True

A A Scrum Master is always needed; at least for removing impediments

When the team becomes mature enough in using Scrum, they won't need a Scrum Master anymore. a. False b. True

A A Scrum Master is always needed; at least for removing impediments.

What's the role of the Product Owner during Sprint Retrospective? a. Participate as a Scrum Team member b. Capture requirements for the Product Backlog c. Summarize and report the results of the meeting to stakeholders d. To answer questions of the developers

A All three roles participate in the Sprint Retrospective, and they work together to see how they can improve the way they work in the next Sprint.

What's the role of the Scrum Master during Sprint Retrospective? a. Participate as a Scrum Team member b. They should not participate in this meeting c. To answer questions of the developers d. Summarize and report the results of the meeting to stakeholders

A All three roles participate in the Sprint Retrospective, and they work together to see how they can improve the way they work in the next Sprint.

Adding new developers to the team may cause a short-term decrease in productivity. a. True b. False

A Because established members have to spend time and effort getting new ones to know the solution and the environment and start working.

Who can attend the Daily Scrum meeting? a. Anyone b. The Development Team and the Scrum Master c. The whole Scrum Team d. The Development Team

A Daily Scrum is for the developers; only they "participate" (=talk). Others can "attend" (=watch)

Who can attend the Daily Scrum meeting? a. Anyone b. The Development Team c. The Development Team and the Product Owner d. The whole Scrum Team

A Daily Scrum is for the developers; only they "participate" (=talk). Others can "attend" (=watch).

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used by a Scrum team? a. WBS, Gantt Chart b. Digital camera, task board c. Large screen, Planning Poker cards d. Wiki, online forum

A Did you notice the word "least" in the question? WBS and Gantt Chart are mainly used in planning predictive projects rather than adaptive (Agile) ones.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used by a Scrum team? a. WBS, Gantt Chart b. Wiki, online forum c. Digital camera, task board d. Large screen, Planning Poker cards

A Did you notice the word "least" in the question? WBS and Gantt Chart are mainly used in planning predictive projects rather than adaptive (Agile) ones.

Which element is NOT an attribute of Product Backlog items? a. Owner b. Description c. Value d. Estimate

A Did you notice the word "not" in the question? There are 3 pieces of information in each Product Backlog item: the description (in the form of a User Story, or otherwise), value, and estimate (i.e. estimated size). The ownership of items is shared, therefore, there's no need to record it in the item.

Which element is NOT an attribute of Product Backlog items? a. Owner b. Value c. Estimate d. Description

Sprint Review is NOT a formal meeting. a. True b. False

A Did you notice the word "not" in the statement? It's not a formal meeting, in the sense that you and the customer won't work on approval/acceptance of the product and exchanging signatures (that would block feedback generation). This may be confusing, because on the other hand, Sprint Review (and other events) are considered "formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting". The word "formal" has been used for two different meanings in the exam, the former is what we have in this question, and the latter simply means "serious"! So, make sure you understand the context of the question to interpret words such as "formal".

The Product Owner and Scrum Master should NOT be part of the Development Team. a. False b. True

A Did you notice the word "not" in the statement? OK, this is usually tricky! Think of it like this: is it correct to say that they should not be part of the Development Team? No, this is not correct (because they can be part of the team), therefore, the statement is false. What some people do is think about the opposite statement, and get confused. Note that the opposite of this statement is NOT "the Product Owner and Scrum Master should be part of the Development Team". The correct opposite of "should not" is "could" or "can" or "may", NOT "should". One person can have more than one role in Scrum (not recommended, but allowed).

The Product Owner is the main person responsible for engaging the stakeholders. a. True b. False

A Engagement of stakeholders is mostly about and around the Product Backlog items, and at least indirectly, about the value created in the project. That's why this is mainly the responsibility of the Product Owner to keep them engaged.

The Scrum Master should ask each developer to answer the three standard questions at the Daily Scrum. a. False b. True

A First, it's a good idea to go over the three questions, but it's not mandatory. Second, the meeting is managed by developers (by default).

What is the main reason for the Scrum Master to be at the Daily Scrum? a. The developers have asked the Scrum Master to facilitate their Daily Scrum. b. To make sure that every developer answers the three questions. c. To get a report on progress of the Sprint. d. To track changes to the Sprint Backlog.

A In general, Daily Scrum is for the Development Team, which means that only the developers "participate" (talk). Others can "attend" (watch), but they won't "participate" (talk). Well, unless it's about a Scrum Master facilitating the meeting (not so common), in which case they will talk a little ;) However, this contribution of the Scrum Master is about the context, not the content.

A 2x increase in the number of developers will double productivity. a. False b. True

A It can increase productivity in the long-term, but probably not linearly.

Each Scrum Team should have a Scrum Master and a Product Owner. a. True b. False

A It doesn't mean that those people cannot be the Product Owner or Scrum Masters of other teams. When there are multiple teams, multiple "people" can work as the Scrum Master, but they will all have one Product Owner. Still, the statement stays valid: there's one person you can identify as your Product Owner.

Which of the following is a valid service from the Scrum Master to the Product Owner? a. Help the Product Owner find techniques for managing the Product Backlog. b. Act as the middleman between the Product Owner and the Development Team, as requested or required. c. Help the Product Owner order the Product Backlog items in order to maximize value. d. Act as a proxy when the Product Owner is not available to the team

A It has to be coaching/training rather than doing the actual work. For example, helping them order the backlog is not a good idea, but helping them understand how to order the backlog is a good idea.

It's allowed to have Team Leaders when many developers are working on a complex project. a. False b. True

A It's not allowed to introduce new roles or titles in Scrum.

All teams should be cross-functional in scaled Scrum. a. True b. False

A It's one of the basic concepts in Scrum to have cross-functional, self-organizing teams.

A Product Owner who used to be a project manager in the past is using burn-up charts instead of burn-down charts. Is that acceptable? a. There's nothing wrong with it. b. Burn-up charts are used in traditional methods, and they should be replaced by burn-down charts.

A It's up to the Product Owner to decide how they want to measure and visualize performance.

Who prioritizes or orders the tasks in the Sprint Backlog? a. The Development Team b. The Product Owner c. Stakeholders d. The whole Scrum Team e. The customer f. The Project Manager

A Items in the Product Backlog are ordered and prioritized by the Product Owner, but when it comes to the Sprint Backlog, it's up to the developers to decide how to manage their tasks.

In scaled Scrum, each developer should be a member of only one team. a. False b. True

A None of the Scrum roles are necessarily full-time, and the person can occupy more than one role (e.g. both Scrum Master and developer), or be a developer in more than one team. E.g. there may be a special expertise that is needed in multiple teams, but its not needed in a full-time basis. So, one person can provide that special type of expertise to multiple teams.

When multiple teams are working on the same product, one person can be a member of more than one Development Team. a. True b. False

What's the normal timeboxed duration of Sprint Retrospective when there are 6 developers in the team and Sprints are two weeks long? a. 1.5 hours b. 4 hours c. 3 hours d. Maximum 8 hours

A Note that the duration of events is not dependent on the number of developers. The timeboxed duration of events is as follows: Sprint - Maximum 1 month Daily Scrum - 15 minutes Sprint Planning - 8 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Review - 4 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Retrospective - 3 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally

Who is required to attend the Daily Scrum? a. The Development Team b. The Development Team and the Product Owner c. The Development Team and the Scrum Master d. The whole Scrum Team

A Others "can" attend the meeting, but it's not correct to say that they "should", or "are required to" attend (they don't have to be there, but they can attend, if they want). Daily Scrum is for the developers; only they "participate" (=talk). Others can "attend" (=watch).

Scrum Teams should normalize their estimations, so that management can measure and compare their performance. a. False b. True

A Progress measurements are done internally, not by external "managers". Also, comparing the velocity (dependent on the estimates) of two different teams is never reliable, and it's not productive even if it were reliable (e.g. by normalizing them).

Which of the following best describes the way a Product Owner can order the items in the Product Backlog? a. Based on value, priority, dependencies, and risk b. Based on risk; riskier items at the top c. Based on size; smaller items at the top d. Based on size; larger items at the top

A Recently, Scrum.org considered ordering based on value, priority, risks, and dependencies. However, if you don't have such a choice, the next best answer (the old-fashioned one) is "based on value". Note: priority is different from order; it's something like "high, medium, low", or "must-have, should-have, could-have".

Which of the following best describes the way a Product Owner can order the items in the Product Backlog? a. Based on value, priority, dependencies, and risk b. Based on risk; safer items at the top c. Based on size; larger items at the top d. Based on size; smaller items at the top

What is a proper role of a PMO in a company that uses Scrum? a. Manage portfolios and programs and facilitate the application of techniques that complement Scrum. b. The PMO should manage and help the Product Owners. c. The PMO will be responsible for making higher level decision in the project.

A Remember that there are limits to the self-organization of the team, and the important thing is to have power within the borders of the project. However, each project is run in a wider organization with multiple levels of management that impact the project, and it's not possible or even acceptable to reject that structure, as long as it doesn't block internal self-organization of the team.

Scrum is a technique for developing complex products. a. False b. True

A Scrum is "considered" a framework, not a methodology, process, techniques, etc. It can be used to develop new products or maintain/sustain existing ones.

It's up to the self-organizing team to decide which Scrum events are needed in the project. a. False b. True

A Self-organization is not unlimited; e.g. you should follow the Scrum framework.

It's wrong to have a Project Manager in Scrum. a. True b. False

A There's no project manager role in Scrum, and it's not allowed to add new role to the existing three. Also, none of those three roles are the equivalent of a project manager; project management activities are distributed among all of them. This is only about the project level; you can always have higher management levels (e.g. program management), and those "can" be compatible with what you do in your Scrum projects.

How often should the composition of the team change? a. As needed, considering that it will have a short-term reduction in productivity b. As needed, without a need to be concerned about changes in productivity c. Every Sprint, to encourage creativity and openness d. Never, because it reduces productivity

A Sometimes you will see questions like this in the exam. You may know that the composition of the team should not change during the Sprint, yet, the correct choice here may imply that. Well, it is up to you to interpret it in a way that it doesn't mean such a thing! So, the precise statement would be "As needed, so long as it's not in the middle of the Sprint, and we consider that it may have a short-term reduction in productivity".

Which of the following has the most to do with capturing and using lessons learned? a. Sprint Retrospective b. Sprint Planning c. Product Backlog Refinement d. Sprint Review

A Sprint Retrospective is about discussing the way work was done and finding ways to improve it next time; this is mainly about lessons learned.

Having the team members and a complete Product Backlog are the only things needed to start the project. a. False b. True

A The Product Backlog is never complete.

The customer goes to the Development Team in the middle of a Sprint, and asks them to add an important item to the Sprint Backlog. What should they do? a. Refer the customer to the Product Owner. b. Add the item to the next Sprint Backlog. c. Replace one of the existing items in the Sprint Backlog with the new one. d. Reject the request.

A The Product Owner is the person responsible for the items and the order in which they are developed.

The Scrum Master should NOT allow the Sprint Planning meeting to start when the Sprint Goal is not ready. a. False b. True

A The Sprint Goal is prepared during the Sprint Planning meeting. Also, Scrum Masters don't order people, they teach and convince people to do the right thing.

How does the Product Owner determine the number of items for the Sprint Backlog? a. They don't do it! b. Based on a combination of velocity and team capacity c. Based on what is needed for the next release d. Based on the feedback received from the customer in the previous Sprint Review

A The developers decide how many items to select for the Sprint Backlog, not the Product Owner.

How does the Product Owner determine the number of items for the Sprint Backlog? a. They don't do it! b. Based on velocity c. Based on what is needed for the next release d. In a way that maximizes the value of the Increment

A The developers decide how many items to select for the Sprint Backlog, not the Product Owner.

The purpose of each Sprint is to release a piece of working software. a. False b. True

A The purpose is to create a potentially releasable piece of software. It doesn't have to be released

The purpose of each Sprint is to release a piece of working software. a. False b. True

A The purpose is to create a potentially releasable piece of software. It doesn't have to be released.

What's the timeboxed duration of Sprint Retrospective meetings? a. Maximum 3 hours b. Maximum 8 hours c. 8 hours in a one-month Sprint d. 4 hours in a one-month Sprint

A The timeboxed duration of events is as follows: Sprint - Maximum 1 month Daily Scrum - 15 minutes Sprint Planning - 8 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Review - 4 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Retrospective - 3 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally

The Development Team is self-organized, therefore, they can decide to drop Daily Scrums. a. False b. True

A Their empowerment (self-organization) is not unlimited; e.g. they can't make changes to the framework.

Who's responsible for quality? a. All developers b. Team leaders c. Testers

A There are no people "titled" as testers, because we don't have extra roles and titles in Scrum. However, there can be "developers" who are expert in testing. Remember that everyone in the Development Team is called a "developer".

At least one high-priority process improvement item exists in each Sprint Backlog. a. True b. False

A This is one of the statements added to the latest update of Scrum Guide: At least one high-priority process improvement item exists in each Sprint Backlog. It was a little unexpected, because it's mixing content related to the product with the content related to the process in the Sprint Backlog; but, well, that's how it is now.

Some items in Sprint Backlogs are not directly about the features and functions of the product. a. True b. False

The Definition of Done can change during the project. a. True b. False

A Yes, it can be improved during the project. However, it shouldn't change in the middle of the Sprint.

Which two of the following are correct about the whole Scrum Team role? a. Is designed in a way to maximize creativity b. Is designed in a way to maximize flexibility c. Makes the Product Backlog transparent and visible d. Is responsible for maximizing the value of the work of the Development Team e. Is accountable for all changes to the Product Backlog

A, B

Which two of the following are mandatory elements in Scrum? a. Progress measurement b. Daily Scrums c. Test-Driven Development d. Face-to-face communications e. Burn-down charts

A, B

Which two of the following are pillars of Scrum? a. Transparency b. Adaptation c. Collaboration d. Value optimization e. Creativity

A, B

Which two of the following can be reasons for the Scrum Master to attend the Daily Scrum? a. The developers have asked the Scrum Master to facilitate their Daily Scrum. b. It's not necessary for them to be in the meeting. c. To get a report on progress of the Sprint. d. To assign tasks to developers. e. To make sure that every developer answers the three questions.

A, B

Which two statements explain when a Product Backlog item is considered complete? a. When no work is left based on the Definition of Done b. When everything is Done based on the Definition of Done c. When the Scrum Master approves it d. When user acceptance tests are passed

A, B

Which two of the following is correct about the length of Sprints? a. It's preferred to have Sprints with the same length. b. All Sprints must be one month or less. c. Depends on the position of the stars ;) d. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough for programming and testing all items, but not for integrating them. e. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough to develop all items in the Sprint Backlog.

A, B (a) We don't change the timeboxed duration of Sprints on an ad hoc basis; maybe just a few times, based on what we've learned from the project. (b) One month is the maximum timeboxed duration for Sprints in Scrum.

Which two statements are correct about the Definition of Done? a. Can be improved during the project. b. Used by the developers to forecast how many items they can pick for the Sprint. c. It's defined by the Product Owner. d. It makes it easier for the Scrum Master to measure performance and report progress.

A, B (a) Like everything else, you can improve it. Just make sure you don't do it during the Sprint. (b) It's used only as a guide, and the final decision belongs to the developers.

Which two statements explain when a Product Backlog item is considered complete? a. When there's nothing more we need to do before it can be used by end users b. When all identified tasks are done c. When everything is Done based on the Definition of Done d. When the Scrum Master approves it

A, C (a) Usable for end-users = potentially shippable = potentially releasable = done based on the Definition of Done (c)This is the ultimate answer! The Definition of Done is composed in a way that ensures this behavior.

Which two of the following can be considered real outputs of the Sprint? a. A piece of software that is usable by the end users b. An Increment of working software c. A plan for the next Sprints d. A user interface layout that is designed for the whole solution

A, B A real output is the Increment: a piece of working software that is Done based on the Definition of Done. From a wider perspective, you can also consider the feedback that is generated by the customer and the improvements you plan in the Sprint Retrospective as real outputs; but a question like this is focused on checking if you can distinguish DONE items from technical tasks; the former is valuable for us, while the latter is just the means.

Which two of the following should NOT change during the Sprint? a. Sprint Goal b. Expected quality c. Sprint Backlog d. Product Backlog

A, B Did you notice the word "not" in the question? Those that stay fixed during the Sprint are needed to avoid distractions, and create a more productive environment. After all, Sprints are not so long that they create problems.

Which two of the following are mandatory elements in Scrum? a. Daily Scrums b. Sprint Reviews c. Planning Poker d. Face-to-face communications e. Burn-down charts

A, B Only the roles, events, and artifacts (+ Definition of Done and progress measurement) are mandatory.

Which three of the following are pillars of Scrum? a. Inspection b. Transparency c. Adaptation d. Collaboration e. Creativity f. Sustainable pace

A, B, C Pillars are transparency, inspection, and adaptation. Make sure you're not confusing these pillars with the Scrum values (commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect).

Which three of the following are timeboxed? a. Sprint Review b. Daily Scrum c. Sprint testing d. Sprint e. Product Backlog Refinement f. Sprint Zero

A, B, D

An organization has decided to adopt Scrum. Which three of the following describe what happens if they tailor the Scrum terminology to match their current environment? a. Management may feel less enthusiastic about the change. b. The change might not be obvious to everyone, and therefore very little change actually happens. c. They will get better results adopting Scrum this way. d. The change might not be obvious to everyone, and some benefits may be lost.

A, B, D Scrum is a simple framework rather than a comprehensive methodology, and it contains only the necessary minimums that you need in every project. So, instead of a normal tailoring, you will follow everything that is described in Scrum, and suit it to your project by the practices and techniques that you add; e.g. Planning Poker, Pair-Programming, and Test-Driven Development. When it comes to terminology, Scrum.org believes that it's better if you don't change them, for the reasons that you see in the answers.

Which three statements best describe the Product Backlog? a. It may change anytime, and it is never complete. b. The customer's change requests are reflected in it. c. Contains only small and clear items. d. Contains all tasks identified by the developers. e. It is never baselined.

A, B, E

Which three of the following actions may a Scrum Master take in starting up a project? a. Ask the Development Team to discuss and identify the way they are going to develop the product. b. Ask the Product Owner to explain the project, its business need, history, goals, and context. c. Ask the development managers to introduce their departments and capabilities. d. Ensure that team members have clear roles and responsibilities. e. Ask the team to work together and prepare a complete Product Backlog. f. Ask the Development Team members to introduce themselves to each other and tell about their skills and background.

A, B, F

Which three of the following actions may a Scrum Master take in starting up a project? a. Ask the Product Owner to explain the project, its business need, history, goals, and context. b. Ask the Development Team members to introduce themselves to each other and tell about their skills and background. c. Ask the development managers to introduce their departments and capabilities. d. Ask the team to work together and prepare a complete Product Backlog. e. Ensure that there's a clear understanding of the whole scope of the project. f. Ask the Development Team to discuss and identify the way they are going to develop the product.

A, B, F

Which three of the following are NOT acceptable in Scrum? a. Release Sprints b. Sprint Zero c. Using User Stories d. Using Story Points e. Refactoring f. Integration Sprints

A, B, F (a) Not allowed, because it's a reason for having Increments that are not potentially releasable and waiting for "release" Sprints. (b) Not allowed; preparing the tools and infrastructure is done gradually during normal Sprints. Otherwise, it will block adaptation and generation of value. (f) Not allowed, because all items must be integrated before we can consider them Done.

Which three of the following are pillars of Scrum? a. Inspection b. Adaptation c. Sustainable pace d. Value optimization e. Collaboration f. Transparency

A, B, F Pillars are transparency, inspection, and adaptation. Make sure you're not confusing these pillars with the Scrum values (commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect).

Which two of the following are correct about the Product Owner role? a. Is responsible for maximizing the value of the product b. Prioritizes tasks in the Sprint Backlog c. Makes the Product Backlog transparent and visible d. Can make changes to the Sprint Backlog e. Helps the organization implement Scrum

A, C

Which two statements describe what happens when organizations change the Scrum terminology while implementing it? a. The change might not be obvious to everyone, and therefore very little change actually happens. b. They will get better results adopting Scrum this way. c. Management may feel less enthusiastic about the change. d. It's necessary to tailor Scrum to suit the project.

A, C

The Development Team cannot forecast how much work they can do in the upcoming Sprint, because of uncertainties in the Product Backlog that the Product Owner is not able to overcome. What two actions should the Scrum Master recommend? a. Invite everyone to discuss this problem in the next Sprint Retrospective and try to find a solution. b. Extend the duration of Sprint Planning and ask them to discuss the items more and get into agreement. c. Ask the developers to come up with their best guess and do not worry about the capacity. d. Cancel the Sprint Planning meeting, give them some time to prepare, and then hold another Sprint Planning. e. Cancel the Sprint and start the next one when the items are clear.

A, C It's fine! You just pick a number of items. If it was not enough, you can pick more later. If it was too many, you will just deliver as many as you can. Nothing bad happens if you don't deliver all items in the Sprint Backlog. The goal is to generate value, not to develop all items in the backlog.

Which three statements best describe the Product Backlog? a. It may change anytime, and it is never complete. b. Contains all tasks identified by the developers. c. It is never baselined. d. The customer's change requests are reflected in it. e. Contains only small and clear items.

A, C, D

What are the three questions of the Daily Scrum? a. What impediments are in my way or in the way of the team? b. Are we able to deliver all Sprint Backlog items by the end of the Sprint? c. What work am I going to do today to help the team achieve its goal? d. What work did I do yesterday to help the team achieve its goal? e. How many hours did I spend on the project yesterday? f. What is the progress of the Sprint?

A, C, D It's not mandatory to use these questions, but very common and recommended.

Which three Scrum values are demonstrated by focusing on the most valuable items first? a. Focus b. Adaptation c. Courage d. Respect e. Earned Value

A, C, D Scrum values are commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect.

Which three of the following may be done in the Sprint Retrospective meeting? a. Discuss the composition of the team b. Discuss the Product Backlog items for the next Sprint c. Discuss the way Increments are demonstrated to the customer d. Calculate Velocity e. Discuss the relationship with the customer and the way user acceptance testing is done f. Refining the Product Backlog

A, C, E

Which three statements best describe the Product Backlog? a. It may change anytime, and it is never complete. b. Contains only small and clear items. c. It changes as we learn more about the project. d. It's used to create the project plan. e. The Product Owner is accountable for it.

A, C, E

Which three statements show the result of changing Scrum terminology while implementing it in the organization? a. Management may feel less enthusiastic about the change. b. It's necessary to tailor Scrum to suit the project. c. The change might not be obvious to everyone, and therefore very little change actually happens. d. They will get better results adopting Scrum this way. e. The change might not be obvious to everyone, and some benefits may be lost.

A, C, E Scrum is a simple framework rather than a comprehensive methodology, and it contains only the necessary minimums that you need in every project. So, instead of a normal tailoring, you will follow everything that is described in Scrum, and suit it to your project by the practices and techniques that you add; e.g. Planning Poker, Pair-Programming, and Test-Driven Development. When it comes to terminology, Scrum.org believes that it's better if you don't change them, for the reasons that you see in the answers.

Which three of the following may be done in the Sprint Retrospective meeting? a. Discuss the timeboxed duration of Sprints b. Discuss the next Sprint goal c. Discuss techniques used to facilitate the Sprint Retrospective meeting d. Refining the Product Backlog e. Discuss the Definition of Done f. Calculate Velocity

A, C, E Sprint Retrospective is about the way we work. It's about the things that affect the product, but we don't discuss the product directly. In general, it's about the context, not the content. For example, we can talk about the way Product Backlog is refined, but we won't refine the Product Backlog in the Sprint Retrospective meeting.

What are the three questions of the Daily Scrum? a. What work did I do yesterday to help the team achieve its goal? b. What problems did I have yesterday? c. What work am I going to do today to help the team achieve its goal? d. What is the progress of the Sprint? e. How many hours did I spend on the project yesterday? f. What impediments are in my way or in the way of the team?

A, C, F It's not mandatory to use these questions, but very common and recommended.

Which two of the following actions may a Scrum Master take in starting up a project? a. Ask the Product Owner to explain the project, its business need, history, goals, and context. b. Ask the team to work together and prepare a complete Product Backlog. c. Ask the development managers to introduce their departments and capabilities. d. Ask the Development Team to discuss and identify the way they are going to develop the product. e. Ensure that team members have clear roles and responsibilities.

A, D

Which two statements best describe the Product Backlog? a. It is never baselined. b. Provides just enough information to enable the developers to design the product. c. Contains only small and clear items. d. The customer's change requests are reflected in it.

A, D (a) Scrum.org interprets "baseline" as fixing something (which is not entirely correct), and therefore says that nothing should be baselined in Scrum.

Which two of the following contribute the most to the Scrum value "focus"? a. Timeboxing b. Product Backlog Refinement c. Sprint Review d. Sprint Goal

A, D Scrum values are commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect.

Which two of the following contribute the most to the Scrum value "focus"? a. Timeboxing b. Sprint Review c. Product Backlog Refinement d. Sprint Goal

A, D Scrum values are commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect.

Which three of the following may be done in the Sprint Retrospective meeting? a. Discuss the way Product Backlog Refinement is done during the Sprints b. Calculate Velocity c. Discuss the Product Backlog items for the next Sprint d. Discuss the Definition of Done e. Refining the Product Backlog f. Discuss tools used to communicate with remote team members

A, D Sprint Retrospective is about the way we work. It's about the things that affect the product, but we don't discuss the product directly. In general, it's about the context, not the content. For example, we can talk about the way Product Backlog is refined, but we won't refine the Product Backlog in the Sprint Retrospective meeting.

Which three of the following are timeboxed? a. Daily Scrum b. Release Planning c. Sprint testing d. Sprint Retrospective e. Product Backlog Refinement f. Sprint Planning

A, D, F

Which three of the following are pillars of Scrum? a. Adaptation b. Value optimization c. Collaboration d. Transparency e. Sustainable pace f. Inspection

A, D, F Pillars are transparency, inspection, and adaptation. Make sure you're not confusing these pillars with the Scrum values (commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect).

Which two of the following are required by Scrum? a. Sprint Retrospectives b. User Stories c. Burn-down charts d. Answering the three standard questions during Daily Scrums e. Definition of Done

A, E

Which two of the following are timeboxed? a. Sprint Planning b. Release Planning c. Sprint testing d. Product Backlog Refinement e. Sprint Retrospective

A, E The events (Sprint, Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective) are timeboxed.

Which three of the following may be done in the Sprint Retrospective meeting? a. Discuss techniques used to facilitate the Sprint Retrospective meeting b. Refining the Product Backlog c. Discuss the next Sprint goal d. Calculate Velocity e. Discuss the relationship with the customer and the way user acceptance testing is done f. Discuss the Definition of Done

A, E, F

Who estimates the size of the Product Backlog items? a. The Product Owner b. The Development Team c. The Scrum Master d. The Scrum Team

Who is accountable for ordering the Product Backlog items? a. The whole Scrum Team b. The Product Owner c. The Business Analyst d. The Project Manager e. The customer f. Stakeholders

Daily Scrums are held at the same time and same place every day. a. False b. True

How many people can there be in a Development Team? a. 3 to 11 b. 3 to 9 c. 5 to 12 d. 5 ± 3 e. 3 to 10

It's up to the self-organizing team to decide which Scrum artifacts are needed in the project. a. True b. False

Scrum can be used for sustaining complex products. a. False b. True

Since the Product Owner is accountable for the value of the product, they have the final say over the Definition of Done. a. True b. False

The Product Owner is the equivalent of project manager in Scrum. a. True b. False

The Scrum Master should cancel the Sprint if the Product Owner has not created the Sprint Goal before Sprint Planning. a. True b. False

Velocity of Scrum Teams should be normalized, so that management can measure and compare their performance. a. True b. False

What does a burn-down chart measure? a. The amount of business value delivered to the customer b. Work remaining across time c. Work that is done based on the Definition of Done d. Cost of the project across time

Which of the following best describes Sprint Planning? a. What to do and who will do it b. What can be done and how to do it c. Who will be in the team this Sprint? d. What went wrong in the last Sprint and what to do about it

Which of the following best describes transparency? a. The whole process should be visible to stakeholders. b. Significant aspects of the process must be visible to those responsible for the outcome. c. The whole process should be visible to everyone. d. The process should be visible, and understood by key stakeholders.

Which of the following describes the relationship between the Product Backlog and changes in the project environment? a. There's no effect on the Product Backlog. b. It evolves to reflect the changes c. The Product Backlog should be kept high-level enough to tolerate such changes. d. The old baselined Product Backlog would be saved, and a new one would be created for the rest of the project.

Which of the following is correct about the Product Owner role? a. Creates User Stories b. Orders the Product Backlog items c. Runs the Daily Scrum d. Prioritizes tasks in the Sprint Backlog

Which of the following is required by Scrum? a. Definition of Ready b. Having timeboxed events c. User Stories d. Burn-down charts

Which statement is NOT correct about Daily Scrums? a. Only the developers participate in the meeting. b. The Product Owner should attend the meeting. c. It's held at the same time and place every day. d. It's always a 15-minute timeboxed event, no matter how many developers there are, or how long the Sprint is.

Which of the following should NOT change during the Sprint? a. Sprint Backlog b. Expected quality c. Product Backlog

B (b) The level of expected quality stays the same during the Sprint.

The Development Team has realized that one of the planned works in the Sprint Backlog is not needed anymore. What should they do? a. Keep it, but inform the Product Owner. b. Remove it if it's OK with the Product Owner. c. Ask the Product Owner to remove it. d. Inform the Product Owner, so that he/she can cancel the Sprint.

B (b) You don't even have to ask the Product Owner, if it's about a purely technical decision. Their consultation is needed when it's about functions/features. Think of it as a technical task in the Sprint Backlog. There are two elements in the Sprint Backlog: items selected from the Product Backlog and tasks created by decomposing those items. Tasks are always changing, and therefore, we can't say that Sprint Backlog doesn't change during the Sprint. The old-fashioned approach is to keep the items fixed, to avoid distractions, but Scrum.org doesn't believe in that anymore, so it's fine for them to change the items too.

Which statement does NOT explain when an item is considered complete? a. When everything is Done based on the Definition of Done b. When the customer approves its completeness c. When it's potentially usable for the end users, if it becomes part of the Increment d. When it can be part of a potentially releasable Increment

B (b) They can still miss something. On the other hand, if the test is focused on the unit, what about testing the integrated solution? It may break something.

Scaled Scrum is one that conforms to Scrum and uses more than one team for one or more Sprints. a. False b. True

B 1. Scaled Scrum conforms to Scrum; i.e. it's compatible with Scrum. 2. It's called Scaled Scrum when there are more than one team; however, it's not necessary to have more than one team in all Sprints; it can be for some of them.

Which statement is correct about the Product Backlog? a. It has all the details. b. It has just enough detail. c. It has no detail.

B Both Sprint Backlog and Product Backlog evolve during their lives, and the amount of information grows as time passes. So, at each point in time, they don't have as much detail as they will have in the future (also imaginary future). On the other hand, we never add all the details there. For example, it's common to say that a User Story doesn't provide all the information, but is an excuse for people involved in the project to have communications around a certain topic. The details are in those communications, and are not completely captured in the backlog.

Which statement is correct about the Sprint Backlog? a. It has all the details. b. It has just enough detail. c. It has no detail.

Scrum Master is NOT a management role. a. True b. False

B Did you notice the word "not" in the question? The Scrum Master role is considered a management role, but they manage the process, not the people.

The Product Owner and Scrum Master should NOT be part of the Development Team. a. True b. False

B Did you notice the word "not" in the statement? OK, this is usually tricky! Think of it like this: is it correct to say that they should not be part of the Development Team? No, this is not correct (because they can be part of the team), therefore, the statement is false. What some people do is think about the opposite statement, and get confused. Note that the opposite of this statement is NOT "the Product Owner and Scrum Master should be part of the Development Team". The correct opposite of "should not" is "could" or "can" or "may", NOT "should". One person can have more than one role in Scrum (not recommended, but allowed).

What happens between two Sprints? a. Getting customer approval for the previous Increment b. Nothing! c. Refactoring the previous Increment d. Product Backlog Refinement

B Each Sprint starts immediately after the previous one; there's no space between the two.

When does the next Sprint begin? a. When the customer approves the previous Increment b. Immediately after the previous Sprint c. When the Product Owner authorizes d. When the Product Backlog is refined and items at the top are "ready"

B Each Sprint starts immediately after the previous one; there's no space between the two.

The Scrum Master shouldn't allow the developers to start working without having the tasks identified and assigned. a. False b. True

B First of all, the Scrum Master doesn't order people to do something; the Scrum Master teaches them and coaches them to understand how it should work, and convinces them to do the right thing. The Product Owner can't order developers to do things either. Second, most of the tasks are identified and assigned gradually during the Sprint.

The Scrum Master shouldn't allow the developers to start working without having the tasks identified and assigned. a. True b. False

The Development Team is ready to start the first Sprint, but the Product Backlog is not ready yet. What should the Product Owner do? a. Ask the developers to help you refine the Product Backlog instead of starting the first Sprint. b. Let the team start the first Sprint, and continue refining the Product Backlog. c. Let the Sprint begin, but only with the goal of completing the Product Backlog.

B First, remember that the Product Backlog is never complete, and you don't have to wait until you have everything in the Product Backlog to start the first Sprint. However, this question says that the backlog is not "ready", which probably means that the items at the top are too large and/or unclear. Again, having unready items is not a reason to wait (still undesirable though); you can refine them during the Sprint.

The Development Team is ready to start the first Sprint, but the Product Backlog is not ready yet. What should the Product Owner do? a. Let the Sprint begin, but only with the goal of completing the Product Backlog. b. Let the team start the first Sprint, and continue refining the Product Backlog. c. Ask the developers to help you refine the Product Backlog instead of starting the first Sprint.

What is the main reason for the Scrum Master to be at the Daily Scrum? a. To get a report on progress of the Sprint. b. It's not necessary for them to be in the meeting. c. To track changes to the Sprint Backlog. d. To tell developers what to do.

B In general, Daily Scrum is for the Development Team, which means that only the developers "participate" (talk). Others can "attend" (watch), but they won't "participate" (talk). Well, unless it's about a Scrum Master facilitating the meeting (not so common), in which case they will talk a little ;) However, this contribution of the Scrum Master is about the context, not the content.

Scaled Scrum is one that conforms to Scrum and uses more than one team for all Sprints. a. True b. False

B It can be for only a few Sprints. 1. Scaled Scrum conforms to Scrum; i.e. it's compatible with Scrum. 2. It's called Scaled Scrum when there are more than one team; however, it's not necessary to have more than one team in all Sprints; it can be for some of them.

It's required to use User Stories in Scrum. a. True b. False

B It's a good idea to use User Stories to form the Product Backlog items, but it's not mandatory.

Sprint Review is an informal meeting. a. False b. True

B It's not a formal meeting, in the sense that you and the customer won't work on approval/acceptance of the product and exchanging signatures (that would block feedback generation). This may be confusing, because on the other hand, Sprint Review (and other events) are considered "formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting". The word "formal" has been used for two different meanings in the exam, the former is what we have in this question, and the latter simply means "serious"! So, make sure you understand the context of the question to interpret words such as "formal".

It's allowed to have Team Leaders when many developers are working on a complex project. a. True b. False

B It's not allowed to introduce new roles or titles in Scrum.

The Development Team should have a Team Leader to improve communications and collaboration. a. True b. False

B It's not allowed to introduce new roles or titles in Scrum.

When multiple teams are working on the same product, their Sprints should start and end at the same time. a. True b. False

B It's not mandatory in Scrum.org to start and end the Sprints at the same time. That makes it much more difficult to manage the whole project. It's not mandatory, because you may need it in certain cases; maybe some teams are working on parts of the project that need longer Sprints (four-week), while others need shorter ones (two-week) for shorter feedback loops.

Who is responsible for explaining the Product Backlog items? a. The Development Team is self-organized and has to talk to anyone necessary, and find out the meanings of items. b. Product Owner c. Customer d. Scrum Master e. User representative(s)

B It's one of the responsibilities of the Product Owner to explain the items and make sure that everyone has the right understanding

Cross-functional teams are optimized in a technical layer of a system. a. True b. False

B It's the opposite; being cross-functional means that you can work (as a team) comfortably on all technical layers of the system. A cross-functional team is one that has all types of expertise that is required to develop the product. Note that this is about the team as a whole, not individual team members.

When multiple teams are working on the same product, one person can be a member of more than one Development Team. a. False b. True

B None of the Scrum roles are necessarily full-time, and the person can occupy more than one role (e.g. both Scrum Master and developer), or be a developer in more than one team. E.g. there may be a special expertise that is needed in multiple teams, but its not needed in a full-time basis. So, one person can provide that special type of expertise to multiple teams.

What's the normal timeboxed duration of Sprint Review when there are 6 developers in the team and Sprints are two weeks long? a. 8 hours b. 2 hours c. 4 hours d. Maximum 8 hours

B Note that the duration of events is not dependent on the number of developers. The timeboxed duration of events is as follows: Sprint - Maximum 1 month Daily Scrum - 15 minutes Sprint Planning - 8 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Review - 4 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Retrospective - 3 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally

The Product Owner can delegate some of their responsibilities to the developers. a. False b. True

B Product Owners are allowed to delegate some of their responsibilities to other team members. If they do, the Product Owner stays accountable.

What type of test should be done during the Sprint? a. All tests, except for user acceptance tests b. Every type of test c. Unit tests d. All tests, except for integration tests

B Remember that the Increment has to be "Done", and potentially releasable. It means that all tests should be done.

What is a proper role of a PMO in a company that uses Scrum? a. The PMO will be responsible for making higher level decision in the project. b. Manage portfolios and programs and facilitate the application of techniques that complement Scrum. c. The PMO should manage and help the Scrum Masters.

B Remember that there are limits to the self-organization of the team, and the important thing is to have power within the borders of the project. However, each project is run in a wider organization with multiple levels of management that impact the project, and it's not possible or even acceptable to reject that structure, as long as it doesn't block internal self-organization of the team.

What's the role of a PMO in an organization that only uses Scrum for project delivery? a. The PMO should manage and help the Product Owners. b. Manage portfolios and programs and facilitate the application of techniques that complement Scrum. c. The PMO will be responsible for making higher level decision in the project. d. There's no place for a PMO in such an organization.

Scrum is a methodology for developing complex products. a. True b. False

B Scrum is "considered" a framework, not a methodology, process, techniques, etc. It can be used to develop new products or maintain/sustain existing ones.

Scrum is a process for developing complex products. a. True b. False

B Scrum is "considered" a framework, not a methodology, process, techniques, etc. It can be used to develop new products or maintain/sustain existing ones.

It's up to the self-organizing team to decide which Scrum artifacts are needed in the project. a. True b. False

B Self-organization is not unlimited; e.g. you should follow the Scrum framework.

It's up to the self-organizing team to decide which Scrum events are needed in the project. a. True b. False

B Self-organization is not unlimited; e.g. you should follow the Scrum framework.

Which of the following best describes Sprint Review? a. It's a controlling mechanism for evaluating the work of the developers. b. A formal meeting to receive approval of the customer for the Increment c. An inspection of the Increment to collect feedback and see what to do in the next Sprint d. A demo at the end of the Sprint for everyone in the organization to see the Increment.

What happens if we forecast that some of the work defined in the Sprint Backlog won't be done by the end of the Sprint? a. Outsource part of the work to other teams or parts of the organization. b. They will deliver as much as they can, and they learn more about how many items they can deliver in the next Sprints. c. Work overtime and try to complete all items. d. The remaining items will be moved to the next Sprint Backlog.

B Some people think that a successful team is one that can complete all the work in the Sprint Backlog, but this is not true. To the contrary, it probably means they are too conservative in the number of items they select for the Sprint, which in turn may reduce their productivity because of the Parkinson's Law and the Student Syndrome. Nothing bad happens if some items are not done by the end of the Sprint, and no one should blame the team; the Sprint Backlog is just a rough estimate of what they can do.

The Definition of Done is composed by the Product Owner, to ensure that the Increments will be usable by the end-users. a. True b. False

B The Definition of Done may come from the organization. Inside the project, it's the developers who adjust or define it.

The Scrum Master should NOT allow the Sprint Planning meeting to start when the Sprint Goal is not ready. a. True b. False

B The Sprint Goal is prepared during the Sprint Planning meeting. Also, Scrum Masters don't order people, they teach and convince people to do the right thing.

How does the Product Owner determine the number of items for the Sprint Backlog? a. Based on a combination of velocity and team capacity b. They don't do it! c. Based on the feedback received from the customer in the previous Sprint Review d. Based on velocity

B The developers decide how many items to select for the Sprint Backlog, not the Product Owner.

The performance of the Sprint should be measured at least... a. Once a week b. Once a day c. Before or after each release d. Once per Sprint

B The performance of the project is measured at least once per Sprint, and the Sprint performance is measured daily.

Who's responsible for quality? a. Testers b. All developers c. Team leaders

B There are no people "titled" as testers, because we don't have extra roles and titles in Scrum. However, there can be "developers" who are expert in testing. Remember that everyone in the Development Team is called a "developer".

The Sprint Backlog is frozen after Sprint Planning. a. True b. False

B There are two elements in the Sprint Backlog: items selected from the Product Backlog and tasks created by decomposing those items. Tasks are always changing, and therefore, we can't say that Sprint Backlog doesn't change during the Sprint. The old-fashioned approach is to keep the items fixed, to avoid distractions, but Scrum.org doesn't believe in that anymore, so it's fine for them to change the items too.

The Sprint Backlog stays fixed after Sprint Planning. a. True b. False

The whole Sprint Backlog is defined in the Sprint Planning meeting. a. True b. False

Which role is the equivalent of project manager in Scrum? a. Scrum Master b. None of them c. Product Owner d. Development Team e. Team Leader

B There's no project manager role in Scrum, and it's not allowed to add new role to the existing three. Also, none of those three roles are the equivalent of a project manager; project management activities are distributed among all of them. This is only about the project level; you can always have higher management levels (e.g. program management), and those "can" be compatible with what you do in your Scrum projects.

There can be multiple Definitions of Done when multiple teams are working on the same product. a. False b. True

B They can have different Definitions of Done, as long as they are compatible with each other and capable of creating integrated Increments. Note: it may seem that the Scrum Guide says there's only one Definition of Done for multiple teams, but this is not the case. Having this flexibility can help, because, for example, one team may want to have extra tests. There's no harm in that, and yet, it impacts their Definition of Done.

Items on the Sprint Backlog are, on average, larger than those on the Product Backlog. a. True b. False

B This is how it works: When you first add the items in the Product Backlog, you don't have to break them down into very small and clear items, because it's a form of upfront planning. Some of them may be very large. When you order the items, if they are at the top of the list, you have to make them clear, and make sure they can fit into one Sprint; therefore, you will break them down into smaller items. Some of those child items may remain at the top, and some may go down. Nevertheless, because of this way of refining, the items at the top of the Product Backlog are on average smaller than those at the bottom. On the other hand, items in the Sprint Backlog come from the top of the Product Backlog, therefore, we can say that the items in the Sprint Backlog are, on average, smaller than items on the Product Backlog.

On average, items on the Sprint Backlog tend to be ______ a. The same size as those on the Product Backlog b. Smaller than those on the Product Backlog c. Larger than those on the Product Backlog

How many hours per day should a Development Team member work? a. Normally, 40 hours a week b. At a constant pace c. Between 6 and 16 hours, depending on the situation d. At least 6 ideal man-hours

B This is one of the 12 Agile principles.

At least one high-priority process improvement item exists in each Sprint Backlog. a. False b. True

B This is one of the statements added to the latest update of Scrum Guide: At least one high-priority process improvement item exists in each Sprint Backlog. It was a little unexpected, because it's mixing content related to the product with the content related to the process in the Sprint Backlog; but, well, that's how it is now.

Each Sprint Backlog contains an item about improving the way we work, instead of the features for the product. a. False b. True

The items selected from the Product Backlog for the Sprint Backlog should be "ready". a. True b. False

B We do have an idea of when items are ready to be selected for the Sprint, and it's considered in Product Backlog Refinement to make sure all items at the top of the Product Backlog are ready. However, a concept of Definition of Ready is not accepted in Scrum.org, because the practical implication may be that an item at the top of the Product Backlog will not be selected for the Sprint because it's not ready, while we always want to follow the order of items, and if something is not ready, we can still select it for the Sprint and then refine it during the Sprint.

Timeboxing helps everyone focus on the same problem at the same time. a. False b. True

B When an event is timeboxed, you don't have a lot of time to spend on fancy aspects of features, and you have to focus and help each other in order to to get as many items Done as possible.

What are two good ways to handle security concerns? a. Have special Sprints that ensure those concerns. b. Add them to the Product Backlog. c. Add them to the Definition of Done. d. Dedicate a certain portion of the team capacity to working on those concerns.

B, C

Which two of the following should NOT change during the Sprint? a. Product Backlog b. Sprint Goal c. Composition of the team d. Sprint Backlog

B, C

Which two statements are correct about the Definition of Done? a. Describes what has to be done during the Sprint. b. Varies depending on the project. c. Used by the developers to forecast how many items they can pick for the Sprint. d. It defines when the Increment should be released.

B, C

Which two statements are correct about non-functional requirements? a. They will be in the Sprint Backlog, but not the Product Backlog. b. Some of them can be added to the Definition of Done. c. Some of them can be added to the Product Backlog. d. They can be added to a separate backlog to be used during all Sprints. e. Some of them can be controlled by the QA department of the organization.

B, C (b) E.g. security, scalability, maintainability (c) E.g. something related to performance of a certain part of the software

Which two of the following are mandatory elements in Scrum? a. Face-to-face communications b. Definition of Done c. Sprint Planning d. Planning Poker e. Value Points

B, C Only the roles, events, and artifacts (+ Definition of Done and progress measurement) are mandatory.

Which two of the following are formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting? a. Product Backlog Refinement b. Sprint Review c. Sprint Planning d. Burn-down chart

B, C Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective are "formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting", and are considered "feedback loops".

Which three statements show the result of changing Scrum terminology while implementing it in the organization? a. It's necessary to tailor Scrum to suit the project. b. Management may feel less enthusiastic about the change. c. The change might not be obvious to everyone, and therefore very little change actually happens. d. The change might not be obvious to everyone, and some benefits may be lost. e. They will get better results adopting Scrum this way.

B, C, D Scrum is a simple framework rather than a comprehensive methodology, and it contains only the necessary minimums that you need in every project. So, instead of a normal tailoring, you will follow everything that is described in Scrum, and suit it to your project by the practices and techniques that you add; e.g. Planning Poker, Pair-Programming, and Test-Driven Development. When it comes to terminology, Scrum.org believes that it's better if you don't change them, for the reasons that you see in the answers.

Which three statements are correct when four teams are working on a product? a. There is only one Sprint Backlog each Sprint. b. There can be multiple Scrum Masters. c. There is only one Product Backlog. d. There is only one Definition of Done. e. There can be multiple Product Owners. f. There is only one Product Owner.

B, C, F When there are n teams in the project (working on one product), there are: 1 Product Backlog n Sprint Backlogs each Sprint one or more Definitions of Done, as long as they are compatible with each other 1 integrated Increment each Sprint 1 Product Owner n Scrum Master roles which can be occupied by 1 or more Scrum Masters

What are two good ways to handle security concerns? a. Dedicate a certain portion of the team capacity to working on those concerns. b. Add them to the Definition of Done. c. Get help from responsible departments to ensure those concerns. d. Add them to the Product Backlog.

B, D

Which two of the following actions may a Scrum Master take in starting up a project? a. Ask the team to work together and prepare a complete Product Backlog. b. Ask the Development Team members to introduce themselves to each other and tell about their skills and background. c. Ask the development managers to introduce their departments and capabilities. d. Ask the Development Team to discuss and identify the way they are going to develop the product. e. Ensure that team members have clear roles and responsibilities.

B, D

Which two of the following are benefits of self-organization? a. Increased cross-functionality b. Increased buy-in c. Increased respect d. Increased creativity e. Increased predictability

B, D

Which two of the following can be considered real outputs of the Sprint? a. A plan for the next Sprints b. A few Done features that are added to the previous version of the software c. UML diagrams d. A piece of software that is usable by the end users

B, D A real output is the Increment: a piece of working software that is Done based on the Definition of Done. From a wider perspective, you can also consider the feedback that is generated by the customer and the improvements you plan in the Sprint Retrospective as real outputs; but a question like this is focused on checking if you can distinguish DONE items from technical tasks; the former is valuable for us, while the latter is just the means.

Which two of the following should NOT change during the Sprint? a. Product Backlog b. Expected quality c. Sprint Backlog d. Composition of the team

B, D Did you notice the word "not" in the question? Those that stay fixed during the Sprint are needed to avoid distractions, and create a more productive environment. After all, Sprints are not so long that they create problems.

Which three Scrum values are demonstrated by focusing on the most valuable items first? a. Adaptation b. Courage c. Trust d. Focus e. Respect

B, D, E Scrum values are commitment, courage, focus, openness, and respect.

The Product Owner is not collaborating with the developers during the Sprint. Which two of the following actions would you choose as the Scrum Master? a. Talk to the functional manager of the Product Owner. b. Bring up the issue in the next Sprint Retrospective. c. Nominate someone else as the proxy Product Owner. d. Cancel the Sprint and start training the Product Owner. e. Coach the Product Owner to understand why collaboration is important in Scrum and how it can affect the value of the product.

B, E

Which two of the following is correct about the length of Sprints? a. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough to develop all items in the Sprint Backlog. b. It's preferred to have Sprints with the same length. c. Depends on the position of the stars ;) d. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough for programming and testing all items, but not for integrating them. e. All Sprints must be one month or less.

B, E (b) We don't change the timeboxed duration of Sprints on an ad hoc basis; maybe just a few times, based on what we've learned from the project. (e) One month is the maximum timeboxed duration for Sprints in Scrum.

Which two of the following are timeboxed? a. Release Retrospective b. Sprint Retrospective c. Product Backlog Refinement d. Sprint testing e. Sprint Planning

B, E The events (Sprint, Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective) are timeboxed.

Which three statements are correct when four teams are working on a product? a. There is only one Sprint Backlog each Sprint. b. There are multiple Sprint Backlogs each Sprint. c. There can be multiple Product Owners. d. There is only one Definition of Done. e. There is only one Product Backlog. f. There can be multiple Scrum Masters.

B, E, F

Which three of the following may be done in the Sprint Retrospective meeting? a. Calculate Velocity b. Discuss tools used to communicate with remote team members c. Discuss the Product Backlog items for the next Sprint d. Refining the Product Backlog e. Discuss the timeboxed duration of Sprints f. Discuss the Definition of Done

B, E, F Sprint Retrospective is about the way we work. It's about the things that affect the product, but we don't discuss the product directly. In general, it's about the context, not the content. For example, we can talk about the way Product Backlog is refined, but we won't refine the Product Backlog in the Sprint Retrospective meeting.

Which two statements are correct about Product Backlog Refinement? a. Normally, it doesn't take more than 10% of the Product Owner's time. b. Normally, it doesn't take more than 10% of the developers' time. c. It can take as much time as needed. d. Normally, it shouldn't take more than 10% of the Scrum Team's time. e. It should be timeboxed for 8 hours or less. f. Multiple teams may participate in it.

B, F

The Development Team cannot forecast how much work they can do in the upcoming Sprint, because of uncertainties in the Product Backlog that the Product Owner is not able to overcome. What two actions should the Scrum Master recommend? a. Cancel the Sprint and start the next one when the items are clear. b. Invite everyone to discuss this problem in the next Sprint Retrospective and try to find a solution. c. Ask the developers to come up with their best guess and do not worry about the capacity. d. Extend the duration of Sprint Planning and ask them to discuss the items more and get into agreement. e. Cancel the Sprint Planning meeting, give them some time to prepare, and then hold another Sprint Planning.

B. C

Which two of the following are required by Scrum? a. Having full-time developers b. Story Points c. Having timeboxed events d. Definition of Done e. Release planning

C, D

How do changes in the project environment impact the Product Backlog? a. There's no effect on the Product Backlog. b. The old baselined Product Backlog would be saved, and a new one would be created for the rest of the project. c. It evolves to reflect the changes d. The Product Backlog should be kept high-level enough to tolerate such changes.

How is budgeting done in Scrum? a. Budgeting is done based on the initial Product Backlog. b. Usually every day c. Ideally revised each Sprint to ensure value is being delivered. d. Scrum doesn't need a budgeting system.

The Product Owner is not collaborating with the developers during the Sprint. What would you do as the Scrum Master? a. Cancel the Sprint and start training the Product Owner. b. Talk to the functional manager of the Product Owner. c. Bring up the issue in the next Sprint Retrospective. d. Nominate someone else as the proxy Product Owner.

The Sprint Backlog makes visible all the work that the _________ identifies as necessary to meet the Sprint Goal. a. Scrum Master b. Scrum Team c. Development Team d. Product Owner

What happens to the Done Product Backlog items when the Sprint is cancelled? a. They should be moved back to the Product Backlog, and will be taken care of in future Sprints. b. They should be moved to the next Sprint Backlog. c. They will be reviewed, and if they are potentially releasable, the Product Owner typically accepts them.

When does a Scrum Master cancel a Sprint? a. When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete b. When the forecast shows that we can't finish many of the items in the Sprint Backlog c. The Scrum Master doesn't have the authority to cancel the Sprint. d. When not enough resources are available for the project

When is the Sprint over? a. When the Sprint Backlog tasks are done b. When the Scrum Master announces the end of the Sprint c. When the Product Owner cancels the Sprint d. When the Product Owner announces the end of the Sprint

When should we release the product? a. At the end of each Sprint b. When the Increment is releasable c. When the Product Owner finds it appropriate d. When the Increment is free of defects

Which of the following best describes Sprint Review? a. A demo at the end of the Sprint for everyone in the organization to see the Increment. b. A formal meeting to receive approval of the customer for the Increment c. An inspection of the Increment to collect feedback and see what to do in the next Sprint d. It's a controlling mechanism for evaluating the work of the developers.

Which of the following best describes transparency? a. The whole process should be visible to everyone. b. The whole process should be visible to stakeholders. c. Significant aspects of the process must be visible to those responsible for the outcome. d. The process should be visible, and understood by key stakeholders.

Which of the following can be considered a real output of the Sprint? a. A user interface layout that is designed for the whole solution b. New features that are ready for integration c. An Increment of working software d. A document that describes the architecture of the software and can be used by the developers in the rest of the project

Which of the following is NOT correct about the Scrum Master role? a. Makes sure that the Development Team has Daily Scrums b. Helps the organization implement Scrum c. Decides about engineering and development methods d. Facilitates the meetings as required or requested

Which of the following is NOT required by Scrum? a. Having timeboxed events b. Sprint Retrospectives c. Burn-down charts d. Definition of Done

Which of the following may change during the Sprint? a. Composition of the team b. Sprint Goal c. Product Backlog d. Expected quality

Which statement best describes the Product Backlog? a. Contains only small and clear items. b. It's used to create the project plan. c. The customer's change requests are reflected in it. d. Provides just enough information to enable the developers to design the product.

Which statement does NOT explain when an item is considered complete? a. When it can be part of a potentially releasable Increment b. When everything is Done based on the Definition of Done c. When the customer approves its completeness d. When it's potentially usable for the end users, if it becomes part of the Increment

Who is responsible for maximizing the value of the product? a. The Solution Architect b. The Development Team c. The Product Owner d. The Team Leader e. The Project Manager f. The whole Scrum Team

Who owns the Product Backlog? a. The whole Scrum Team b. The Development Team c. The Product Owner d. The Scrum Master

Who owns the Sprint Backlog? a. The whole Scrum Team b. The Scrum Master c. The Development Team d. The Product Owner

Which of the following is correct about the whole Scrum Team role? a. Measures the performance of the Sprint b. Makes changes to the Definition of Done c. Is designed in a way to maximize flexibility d. Is responsible for maximizing the value of the product

C The team model in Scrum is designed to optimize flexibility, creativity, and productivity.

When does a Development Team cancel a Sprint? a. When not enough information is available for the items in the Sprint Backlog b. When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete c. The Development Team doesn't have the authority to cancel the Sprint. d. When not enough resources are available for the project

C It's done by the Product Owner.

Who estimates the Product Backlog items? a. Stakeholders b. The Team Leader c. The Development Team d. The Business Analyst e. The Solution Architect f. The Scrum Master

C "Estimate" is about estimating size, unless otherwise specified.

What should the developers do when they have trouble delivering an item, because they don't understand it? a. Complete as much of the item as possible, and use it in the Sprint Review meeting to create a better understanding of what is needed. b. Ask the Scrum Master to remove this impediment. c. Collaborate with the Product Owner to see what's possible and desirable. d. Defer the item to the next Sprint.

C (c) The Product Owner is responsible for explaining the items.

What's the role of the Scrum Master during Sprint Retrospective? a. Summarize and report the results of the meeting to stakeholders b. They should not participate in this meeting c. Participate as a Scrum Team member d. To answer questions of the developers

C All three roles participate in the Sprint Retrospective, and they work together to see how they can improve the way they work in the next Sprint.

What's the role of the Scrum Master during Sprint Retrospective? a. They should not participate in this meeting b. Summarize and report the results of the meeting to stakeholders c. Participate as a Scrum Team member d. To answer questions of the developers

C All three roles participate in the Sprint Retrospective, and they work together to see how they can improve the way they work in the next Sprint.

Which statement is correct about the Sprint Backlog? a. It has no detail. b. It has all the details. c. It has just enough detail.

C Both Sprint Backlog and Product Backlog evolve during their lives, and the amount of information grows as time passes. So, at each point in time, they don't have as much detail as they will have in the future (also imaginary future). On the other hand, we never add all the details there. For example, it's common to say that a User Story doesn't provide all the information, but is an excuse for people involved in the project to have communications around a certain topic. The details are in those communications, and are not completely captured in the backlog

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used by a Scrum team? a. Digital camera, task board b. Large screen, Planning Poker cards c. WBS, Gantt Chart d. Wiki, online forum

C Did you notice the word "least" in the question? WBS and Gantt Chart are mainly used in planning predictive projects rather than adaptive (Agile) ones.

Which of the following is NOT a mandatory element in Scrum? a. Sprint Retrospectives b. Daily Scrums c. Face-to-face communications d. Progress measurement

C Did you notice the word "not" in the question? Only the roles, events, and artifacts (+ Definition of Done and progress measurement) are mandatory.

Which of the following is NOT a mandatory element in Scrum? a. Timeboxing the events b. Sprint Retrospectives c. Burn-down charts d. Sprint Reviews

C Did you notice the word "not" in the question? Only the roles, events, and artifacts (+ Definition of Done and progress measurement) are mandatory.

Which element is NOT an attribute of Product Backlog items? a. Description b. Estimate c. Owner d. Value

C Did you notice the word "not" in the question? There are 3 pieces of information in each Product Backlog item: the description (in the form of a User Story, or otherwise), value, and estimate (i.e. estimated size). The ownership of items is shared, therefore, there's no need to record it in the item.

Which of the following describes the relationship between the Product Backlog and changes in the project environment? a. The Product Backlog should be kept high-level enough to tolerate such changes. b. The old baselined Product Backlog would be saved, and a new one would be created for the rest of the project. c. It evolves to reflect the changes d. There's no effect on the Product Backlog.

C E.g. there's a new regulation, and you have to comply with it in your software. You investigate the regulation and create new items that cover it, and you may also change some of the existing items.

The Development Team is ready to start the first Sprint, but the Product Backlog is not ready yet. What should the Product Owner do? a. Let the Sprint begin, but only with the goal of completing the Product Backlog. b. Ask the developers to help you refine the Product Backlog instead of starting the first Sprint. c. Let the team start the first Sprint, and continue refining the Product Backlog.

C First, remember that the Product Backlog is never complete, and you don't have to wait until you have everything in the Product Backlog to start the first Sprint. However, this question says that the backlog is not "ready", which probably means that the items at the top are too large and/or unclear. Again, having unready items is not a reason to wait (still undesirable though); you can refine them during the Sprint.

Who is responsible for explaining the Product Backlog items? a. The Development Team is self-organized and has to talk to anyone necessary, and find out the meanings of items. b. Scrum Master c. Product Owner d. Business Analyst e. Customer

C It's one of the responsibilities of the Product Owner to explain the items and make sure that everyone has the right understanding.

Which of the following is not allowed in Scrum? a. Release Planning b. Using User Stories c. Sprint Zero d. Using Story Points

C Not allowed; preparing the tools and infrastructure is done gradually during normal Sprints. Otherwise, it will block adaptation and generation of value.

Who decides when to release the product? a. The Customer b. The Scrum Master c. The Product Owner d. The Development Team

C Others, including the customer, have a say in this, but the main responsibility belongs to the Product Owner.

How much time is needed between a Sprint Retrospective and the next Sprint Planning to prepare the Product Backlog? a. As much as the Product Owner finds necessary b. Maximum 10% of the duration of Sprints c. Nothing d. 8 hours in a one-month Sprint

C Product Backlog Refinement happens continuously, and each Sprint begins immediately after the previous one. Each Sprint starts immediately after the previous one; there's no space between the two.

What type of test should be done during the Sprint? a. All tests, except for user acceptance tests b. Unit tests c. Every type of test d. All tests, except for integration tests

C Remember that the Increment has to be "Done", and potentially releasable. It means that all tests should be done.

What type of test should be done during the Sprint? a. Unit tests b. All tests, except for user acceptance tests c. Every type of test d. All tests, except for integration tests

C Remember that the Increment has to be "Done", and potentially releasable. It means that all tests should be done.

What is a proper role of a PMO in a company that uses Scrum? a. The PMO will be responsible for making higher level decision in the project. b. The PMO should manage and help the Product Owners. c. Manage portfolios and programs and facilitate the application of techniques that complement Scrum.

C Remember that there are limits to the self-organization of the team, and the important thing is to have power within the borders of the project. However, each project is run in a wider organization with multiple levels of management that impact the project, and it's not possible or even acceptable to reject that structure, as long as it doesn't block internal self-organization of the team.

Which of the following is not allowed in Scrum? a. Using Story Points b. Release Planning c. Hardening Sprints d. Refactoring

C Some concepts are mandatory; e.g. Sprint Retrospective. Some are not mandatory, but allowed; e.g. using User Stories. Some are not allowed; e.g. Sprint Zero. It's important not to mix the "not mandatory, but allowed" with the "not allowed".

The Development Team realizes that they have over-committed themselves for the Sprint. How should they review and adjust the work? a. They shouldn't make any changes to the Sprint Backlog. b. They should ask the Product Owner to cancel the Sprint. c. They can get help from the Product Owner to adjust the Sprint Backlog. d. They can make any adjustments by themselves, because they own the Sprint Backlog.

C Some people think that a successful team is one that can complete all the work in the Sprint Backlog, but this is not true. To the contrary, it probably means they are too conservative in the number of items they select for the Sprint, which in turn may reduce their productivity because of the Parkinson's Law and the Student Syndrome. Nothing bad happens if some items are not done by the end of the Sprint, and no one should blame the team; the Sprint Backlog is just a rough estimate of what they can do.

How often should the composition of the team change? a. As needed, without a need to be concerned about changes in productivity b. Every Sprint, to encourage creativity and openness c. As needed, considering that it will have a short-term reduction in productivity d. Never, because it reduces productivity

C Sometimes you will see questions like this in the exam. You may know that the composition of the team should not change during the Sprint, yet, the correct choice here may imply that. Well, it is up to you to interpret it in a way that it doesn't mean such a thing! So, the precise statement would be "As needed, so long as it's not in the middle of the Sprint, and we consider that it may have a short-term reduction in productivity".

Which of the following may be done in the Sprint Retrospective meeting? a. Refining the Product Backlog b. Calculate Velocity c. Discuss the timeboxed duration of Sprints d. Discuss the Product Backlog items for the next Sprint

C Sprint Retrospective is about the way we work. It's about the things that affect the product, but we don't discuss the product directly. In general, it's about the context, not the content. For example, we can talk about the way Product Backlog is refined, but we won't refine the Product Backlog in the Sprint Retrospective meeting.

The customer goes to the Development Team in the middle of a Sprint, and asks them to add an important item to the Sprint Backlog. What should they do? a. Add the item to the current Sprint Backlog. b. Replace one of the existing items in the Sprint Backlog with the new one. c. Refer the customer to the Product Owner. d. Reject the request.

C The Product Owner is the person responsible for the items and the order in which they are developed.

Which role is the equivalent of project manager in Scrum? a. Product Owner b. Team Leader c. None of them d. Scrum Master e. Development Team

C There's no project manager role in Scrum, and it's not allowed to add new role to the existing three. Also, none of those three roles are the equivalent of a project manager; project management activities are distributed among all of them. This is only about the project level; you can always have higher management levels (e.g. program management), and those "can" be compatible with what you do in your Scrum projects.

When is it time to integrate the code? a. At the end of each Sprint b. At the end of the project c. Frequently, during the Sprint d. Before each release

C You can't know if the code will work properly, unless you integrate it with the rest of the code. That's why we have continuous integration in Agile, which can happen multiple times a day.

Which two of the following are correct about the Scrum Master role? a. Estimates the Product Backlog items b. Is cross-functional c. Removes impediments d. Helps the organization implement Scrum e. May add new work to the Sprint Backlog during the Sprint

C, D

Which two of the following should be considered in setting the timeboxed duration of Sprints? a. It should be longer in bigger projects. b. It should be shorter when there are more developers. c. It shouldn't be longer than one month. d. It's better to have shorter Sprints when the project is riskier. e. It shouldn't be longer than 6 weeks.

C, D

Which two statements are correct about Daily Scrums? a. It's facilitated by the Scrum Master. b. Developers must answer the 3 standard questions during the meeting. c. It's held at the same time and place every day. d. Only the developers participate in the meeting. e. The Product Owner should attend the meeting.

C, D

Which two statements explain the benefits of having tests in the Definition of Done? a. It defines when the Increment should be released. b. It makes reporting easier for the Project Manager. c. Increments would be closer to potentially releasable. d. Increases transparency of the Increments.

C, D

Which two statements are correct about an item that is in-progress at the end of the Sprint? a. Put it in the next Sprint Backlog. b. It can be added to the Increment if the customer accepts it. c. Do not include it in the Increment. d. Move it back to the Product Backlog. e. Consider the complete part of the item in velocity calculation and then create a new item in the Product Backlog for the remaining work

C, D (c) Everything in the Increment must be Done; i.e. 100% DONE!

Which two of the following are outputs of the Sprint Planning meeting? a. Estimations for the sizes of items b. Resource assignment c. Tasks d. Sprint Goal e. Order of items in the Product Backlog

C, D (c) Remember that only some of the tasks are created during Sprint Planning, the rest are created during the Sprint.

The Development Team cannot forecast how much work they can do in the upcoming Sprint, because of uncertainties in the Product Backlog that the Product Owner is not able to overcome. What two actions should the Scrum Master recommend? a. Cancel the Sprint Planning meeting, give them some time to prepare, and then hold another Sprint Planning. b. Cancel the Sprint and start the next one when the items are clear. c. Invite everyone to discuss this problem in the next Sprint Retrospective and try to find a solution. d. Ask the developers to come up with their best guess and do not worry about the capacity. e. Extend the duration of Sprint Planning and ask them to discuss the items more and get into agreement.

C, D It's fine! You just pick a number of items. If it was not enough, you can pick more later. If it was too many, you will just deliver as many as you can. Nothing bad happens if you don't deliver all items in the Sprint Backlog. The goal is to generate value, not to develop all items in the backlog.

Which two of the following are formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting? a. Release Planning b. Burn-down chart c. Sprint Planning d. Daily Scrum

C, D Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective are "formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting", and are considered "feedback loops".

Which three statements are correct when four teams are working on a product? a. There is only one Sprint Backlog each Sprint. b. There can be multiple Product Backlogs. c. There can be multiple Definitions of Done. d. There are multiple Sprint Backlogs each Sprint. e. There is only one Product Backlog. f. There can be multiple Product Owners.

C, D, E When there are n teams in the project (working on one product), there are: 1 Product Backlog n Sprint Backlogs each Sprint one or more Definitions of Done, as long as they are compatible with each other 1 integrated Increment each Sprint 1 Product Owner n Scrum Master roles which can be occupied by 1 or more Scrum Masters

Which two statements are correct about an item that is in-progress at the end of the Sprint? a. The Sprint will be extended until we complete the item. b. Put it in the next Sprint Backlog. c. Move it back to the Product Backlog. d. It can be added to the Increment if the customer accepts it. e. Do not include it in the Increment.

C, E

What are the three questions of the Daily Scrum? a. What problems did I have yesterday? b. Are we able to deliver all Sprint Backlog items by the end of the Sprint? c. What work am I going to do today to help the team achieve its goal? d. How many hours did I spend on the project yesterday? e. What impediments are in my way or in the way of the team? f. What work did I do yesterday to help the team achieve its goal?

C, E, F It's not mandatory to use these questions, but very common and recommended.

Who has the final say on the order of the Product Backlog? A)The Stakeholders B)The Development Team C)The Scrum Master D)The Product Owner E)The CEO

D The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog.

What does a trend line through a release burn-down chart indicate? a. When the project will likely finish, if the team develops with a speed equal to the last Sprint b. When the remaining work is supposed to be finished c. The budgeted cost of the project d. When the remaining work will likely be completed if nothing changes in the Product Backlog or the Development Team

What's the timeboxed duration of Sprints? a. One month b. Between two and six weeks c. Maximum a couple of months d. Maximum one month

When does a Product Owner cancel a Sprint? a. When there's an unsolved technical dependency b. When not enough information is available for the items in the Sprint Backlog c. When not enough resources are available for the project d. When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete

Which Scrum value is demonstrated when we continuously show the correct performance on a burn-down chart that everyone can see? a. Inspection b. Earned Value c. Cross-functionality d. Openness

Which artifact contains a plan for realizing the Sprint Goal? a. Product vision b. Product Backlog c. Sprint Goal itself d. Sprint Backlog

Which of the following best describes Sprint Review? a. It's a celebration at the end of the Sprint to appreciate the work of the developers. b. A demo at the end of the Sprint for everyone in the organization to see the Increment. c. It's a controlling mechanism for evaluating the work of the developers. d. An inspection of the Increment to collect feedback and see what to do in the next Sprint

Which of the following can be considered a real output of the Sprint? a. A plan for the next Sprints b. A user interface layout that is designed for the whole solution c. New features that are ready for integration d. A piece of software that is usable by the end users

Which of the following is a formal opportunity for inspecting and adapting? a. Release Planning b. Burn-down chart c. Product Backlog Refinement d. Daily Scrum

Which output of Sprint Planning provides overall direction for the Sprint? YoursExpected a. Product Vision b. Sprint Backlog c. Release Plan d. Sprint Goal

Who is responsible for engaging stakeholders? a. The Project Manager b. The Development Team c. The Scrum Master d. The Product Owner

Who's normally involved in Product Backlog Refinement? a. Product Owner b. Development Team and customer c. Scrum Master and Development Team d. Product Owner and Development Team

How much time does the Product Owner spend on Product Backlog Refinement? a. Usually not more than 10% of their time b. Not more than 30% of their time c. Usually not more than 5% of their time d. As much as needed

D (a) Remember that it's the developers who usually spend not more than 10% of their time on refining the backlog; the Product Owner usually spends more time on that.

How would you know if a Development Team is cross-functional? a. Each developer is expert in all technical layers of the system. b. They can do Pair-Programming if they decide to. c. They can do Test Driven Development if they decide to. d. They can create releasable Increments each Sprint.

D (d) Cross-functional: they must have all skills needed to create a releasable Increments every Sprint. A cross-functional team is one that has all types of expertise that is required to develop the product. Note that this is about the team as a whole, not individual team members.

Which of the following may be done when the team becomes mature enough during the project? a. They may not need a Scrum Master anymore. b. They can release every Sprint. c. They will need longer Sprint Retrospectives. d. Their velocity may increase.

D (d) E.g. they become more comfortable communicating with the customer.

Which statement does NOT explain when an item is considered complete? a. When it can be part of a potentially releasable Increment b. When it's potentially usable for the end users, if it becomes part of the Increment c. When everything is Done based on the Definition of Done d. When the Scrum Master approves it

D (d) Scrum Masters are focused on the context, not the content. Did you notice the word "not" in the question?

All of the following are inputs to Sprint Planning, EXCEPT: a. Velocity b. Previous Increment c. Product Backlog d. Sprint Goal

D (d) The Sprint Goal is created during the Sprint Planning meeting, and therefore, cannot be an input for it. Did you notice the word "except" in the question?

How many developers can there be in a Development Team? a. 5 ± 3 b. 3 to 11 c. 6 ± 4 d. 6 ± 3 e. 4 to 12

D 3 to 9

Which element is NOT an attribute of Product Backlog items? a. Value b. Estimate c. Description d. Owner

D Did you notice the word "not" in the question? There are 3 pieces of information in each Product Backlog item: the description (in the form of a User Story, or otherwise), value, and estimate (i.e. estimated size). The ownership of items is shared, therefore, there's no need to record it in the item.

At the end of the Sprint, all items are done except for one that is almost done. What should be done with this item? a. It can be added to the Increment if the customer accepts it. b. Put it in the next Sprint Backlog. c. It can be added to the Increment if the user acceptance tests are done. d. Do not include it in the Increment.

D Everything in the Increment must be Done; i.e. 100% DONE!

Who owns the items in the Sprint Backlog? a. The whole Scrum Team b. The Product Owner c. The Scrum Master d. The Development Team e. Individual developers who are working on the item

D Individual developers take responsibility for doing an item, but all developers stay accountable (own).

When is the Sprint over? a. When the Product Owner announces the end of the Sprint b. When all Sprint Backlog items are done c. When the Scrum Master announces the end of the Sprint d. When the timeboxed duration is over

D It's a simple question: you need to know what timeboxing means, and that Sprints are timeboxed. Other than the normal ends of Sprints, the Product Owner also has the authority to cancel a Sprint.

When does a Scrum Master cancel a Sprint? a. When there's an unsolved technical dependency b. When not enough resources are available for the project c. When the Sprint doesn't make sense anymore d. The Scrum Master doesn't have the authority to cancel the Sprint.

D It's done by the Product Owner.

Who is responsible for explaining the Product Backlog items? a. Customer b. The Development Team is self-organized and has to talk to anyone necessary, and find out the meanings of items. c. Business Analyst d. Product Owner e. User representative(s)

D It's one of the responsibilities of the Product Owner to explain the items and make sure that everyone has the right understanding.

Which of the following best describes the way a Product Owner can order the items in the Product Backlog? a. Based on risk; riskier items at the top b. Based on what the customer asks for c. Based on size; larger items at the top d. Based on value; more valuable items at the top

D Recently, Scrum.org considered ordering based on value, priority, risks, and dependencies. However, if you don't have such a choice, the next best answer (the old-fashioned one) is "based on value". Note: priority is different from order; it's something like "high, medium, low", or "must-have, should-have, could-have".

Which of the following best describes the way a Product Owner can order the items in the Product Backlog? a. Based on size; larger items at the top b. Based on what the customer asks for c. Based on size; smaller items at the top d. Based on value; more valuable items at the top

How often should the composition of the team change? a. As needed, without a need to be concerned about changes in productivity b. Every Sprint, to encourage creativity and openness c. Never, because it reduces productivity d. As needed, considering that it will have a short-term reduction in productivity

D Sometimes you will see questions like this in the exam. You may know that the composition of the team should not change during the Sprint, yet, the correct choice here may imply that. Well, it is up to you to interpret it in a way that it doesn't mean such a thing! So, the precise statement would be "As needed, so long as it's not in the middle of the Sprint, and we consider that it may have a short-term reduction in productivity".

Which of the following has the most to do with capturing and using lessons learned? a. Product Backlog Refinement b. Sprint Review c. Sprint Planning d. Sprint Retrospective

D Sprint Retrospective is about discussing the way work was done and finding ways to improve it next time; this is mainly about lessons learned.

Which of the following has the most to do with capturing and using lessons learned? a. Sprint Planning b. Sprint Review c. Product Backlog Refinement d. Sprint Retrospective

D Sprint Retrospective is about discussing the way work was done and finding ways to improve it next time; this is mainly about lessons learned.

Who does all the work required for Product Backlog items, to make sure they are potentially releasable? a. The customer b. The Solution Architect c. The whole Scrum Team d. The Development Team e. The Project Manager f. The Development Team and the Product Owner

D The Development Team is cross-functional and does all the work; i.e. they don't need help from people and departments outside the project.

The performance of the Sprint should be measured at least... a. Before or after each release b. Once a week c. Once per Sprint d. Once a da

D The performance of the project is measured at least once per Sprint, and the Sprint performance is measured daily.

How should the Product Owner forecast the completion date? a. It is the responsibility of the Scrum Master to forecast the completion date. b. By using a trend line in the burn-down chart c. By dividing the remaining amount of work in the Product Backlog to the latest calculated velocity d. By any method they find appropriate

D There are different things that can help them in this forecast, but they are all simplified, and the Product Owner has to consider everything and adjust the forecast before presenting it to the stakeholders.

Which role is the equivalent of project manager in Scrum? a. Product Owner b. Team Leader c. Scrum Master d. None of them e. Development Team

D There's no project manager role in Scrum, and it's not allowed to add new role to the existing three. Also, none of those three roles are the equivalent of a project manager; project management activities are distributed among all of them. This is only about the project level; you can always have higher management levels (e.g. program management), and those "can" be compatible with what you do in your Scrum projects.

When is it time to integrate the code? a. Before each release b. At the end of the project c. At the end of each Sprint d. Frequently, during the Sprint

D You can't know if the code will work properly, unless you integrate it with the rest of the code. That's why we have continuous integration in Agile, which can happen multiple times a day.

What is a benefit of having tests in the Definition of Done? a. There's no need to describe tests in the Definition of Done. b. It defines when the Increment should be released. c. It makes it easier for the Scrum Master to measure performance and report progress. d. Increments would be closer to potentially releasable.

D You can't release it unless you've tested the output and are sure it won't create problems in production

Which two of the following are NOT allowed in Scrum? a. Refactoring b. Release Planning c. Using Planning Poker d. Hardening Sprints e. Release Sprints

D, E

Which two of the following are timeboxed? a. Sprint Zero b. Release Retrospective c. Release Planning d. Sprint Review e. Daily Scrum

D, E

Which two statements are correct about Daily Scrums? a. The Product Owner should attend the meeting. b. It's facilitated by the Scrum Master. c. No one other than the Development Team is allowed to be there. d. It's always a 15-minute timeboxed event, no matter how many developers there are, or how long the Sprint is. e. It's held at the same time and place every day.

D, E

Which two of the following are mandatory elements in Scrum? a. Story Points b. Face-to-face communications c. Burn-down charts d. Daily Scrums e. Product Owner

D, E Only the roles, events, and artifacts (+ Definition of Done and progress measurement) are mandatory.

The customer goes to the Development Team in the middle of a Sprint, and asks them to add an important item to the Sprint Backlog. What should they do? a. Add the item to the current Sprint Backlog. b. Refer the customer to the Product Owner. c. Reject the request. d. Add the item to the next Sprint Backlog.

The Product Owner is the person responsible for the items and the order in which they are developed.

What does it mean for a Development Team to be cross-functional? a. The team includes not only programmers, but also testers, architects, UI designers, etc. b. The developers work closely with business analysts, architects, and testers external to them. c. The team should collaborate with all functional units. d. Each Development Team member has all the expertise required for creating potentially releasable Increments.

The Definition of Done can change during the project. a. False b. True

Which of the following can be considered a real output of the Sprint? a. New features that are ready for integration b. A potentially releasable piece of software c. A document that describes the architecture of the software and can be used by the developers in the rest of the project d. UML diagrams

B A real output is the Increment: a piece of working software that is Done based on the Definition of Done. From a wider perspective, you can also consider the feedback that is generated by the customer and the improvements you plan in the Sprint Retrospective as real outputs; but a question like this is focused on checking if you can distinguish DONE items from technical tasks; the former is valuable for us, while the latter is just the means.

Which statement is NOT correct about Daily Scrums? a. Only the developers participate in the meeting. b. It's timeboxed for 2 minutes per developer. c. It's held at the same time and place every day. d. It's always a 15-minute timeboxed event, no matter how many developers there are, or how long the Sprint is.

B Did you notice the word "not" in the question?

The Development Team should not be interrupted during the Sprint. The Sprint Goal should remain intact. These are conditions that foster creativity, quality and productivity. Based on this, which of the following is FALSE? A) The Product Owner can help clarify or optimize the Sprint when asked by the Development Team. B) The Sprint Backlog is fully formulated in the Sprint Planning meeting and does not change during the Sprint. C) As a decomposition of the selected Product Backlog Items, the Sprint Backlog changes and may grow as the work emerges. D) The Development Team may work with the Product Owner to remove or add work if it finds it has more or less capacity than it expected.

B The Sprint Backlog makes visible all of the work that the Development Team identifies as necessary to meet the Sprint Goal. The Development Team modifies the Sprint Backlog throughout the Sprint, and the Sprint Backlog emerges during the Sprint.

Which two of the following may be done in the Sprint Retrospective meeting? a. Discuss the next Sprint goal b. Discuss the timeboxed duration of Sprints c. Discuss the composition of the team d. Discuss the Product Backlog items for the next Sprint e. Refining the Product Backlog

B, C Sprint Retrospective is about the way we work. It's about the things that affect the product, but we don't discuss the product directly. In general, it's about the context, not the content. For example, we can talk about the way Product Backlog is refined, but we won't refine the Product Backlog in the Sprint Retrospective meeting.

Which two statements are correct about the number of Product Owners when there are three products being developed using Scrum? a. There should be one Product Owner for each product. b. There can be a single Product Owner for all products. c. There should be a single Product Owner for all products. d. There can be a different Product Owner for each product.

B, D The basic rule in Scrum.org is that when there is one product (=one project) you should have only one Product Backlog and one Product Owner, even if there are multiple teams working on the project. However, this question is about multiple products (=multiple projects). In this case, there are 3 Product Owner positions in these projects, which can be occupied by three different people, or two, or one, since Product Owners don't have to work full-time on one project.

The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog, which includes that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all, and shows what the Scrum Team will work on next.**Who should know the most about the progress toward a business objective or a release, and be able to explain the alternatives most clearly? A) The Product Owner B) The Development Team C) The Scrum Master D) The Project Manager

The developers forecast that 5 out of 12 items they have in the Sprint Backlog won't be done by the end of the Sprint. What should they do? a. Review the work with the Product Owner to see if any adjustments are required, and keep working. b. Cancel the Sprint. c. Work overtime and try to complete all items. d. Extend the duration of the Sprint, to be able to deliver everything.

Which of the following best describes Sprint Review? a. An inspection of the Increment to collect feedback and see what to do in the next Sprint b. It's a celebration at the end of the Sprint to appreciate the work of the developers. c. A formal meeting to receive approval of the customer for the Increment d. A demo at the end of the Sprint for everyone in the organization to see the Increment.

Which of the following may change during the Sprint? a. Sprint Backlog b. Composition of the team c. Expected quality d. Sprint Goal

Who owns the Product Backlog? a. The Product Owner b. The Development Team c. The whole Scrum Team d. The Scrum Master

Scrum does not have a role called "project manager." A) True B) False

A A Scrum Team has a Scrum Master, a Product Owner and a Development Team. As a whole they have all controls needed.

Who should know the most about the progress toward a business objective or a release, and be able to explain the alternatives most clearly? A) The Product Owner B) The Development Team C) The Scrum Master D) The Project Manager

A The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog, which includes that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all, and shows what the Scrum Team will work on next.

Which two statements are correct about the Definition of Done? a. There can be more than one Definition of Done when multiple teams are working on the same project. b. Used by the developers to forecast how many items they can pick for the Sprint. c. It helps the Product Owner measure the progress of Sprints. d. It helps the Product Owner track open work during the Sprint.

A, B

The Scrum Team consists of a Product Owner, the Development Team, and a Scrum Master.**Which of the below are roles on a Scrum Team? Correct answer A) Development Team B) Users C) Customer D) Product Owner E) Scrum Master

A, D, E

Which of the below are roles on a Scrum Team? A) Development Team B) Users C) Customer D) Product Owner E) Scrum Master

A, D, E The Scrum Team consists of a Product Owner, the Development Team, and a Scrum Master.

The Product Owner can delegate some of their responsibilities to the developers. a. False b. True

Time can be allocated between two Sprints for integration. a. True b. False

During a Sprint, a Development Team determines that it will not be able to finish the complete forecast. Who should be present to review and adjust the Sprint work selected? A) The Scrum Master, the project manager and the Development Team. B) The Product Owner and the Development Team. C) The Product Owner and all stakeholders. D) The Development Team.

B During the Sprint, scope may be clarified and re-negotiated between the Product Owner and Development Team as more is learned.

A 2x increase in the number of developers will double productivity. a. True b. False

B It can increase productivity in the long-term, but probably not linearly.

The time-box for the Sprint Planning meeting is? A) 4 hours. B) 8 hours for a monthly Sprint. For shorter Sprints it is usually shorter. C) Whenever it is done. D) Monthly.

B Sprint Planning is time-boxed to a maximum of eight hours for a one-month Sprint. For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter.

What are two good ways to handle security concerns? a. Dedicate a certain portion of the team capacity to working on those concerns. b. Add them to the Product Backlog. c. Add them to the Definition of Done. d. Get help from responsible departments to ensure those concerns.

B, C

Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism. Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. Three pillars uphold every implementation of empirical process control: transparency, inspection, and adaptation.**The three pillars of empirical process control are: A) Respect For People, Kaizen, Eliminating Waste B) Planning, Demonstration, Retrospective C) Inspection, Transparency, Adaptation D) Planning, Inspection, Adaptation E) Transparency, Eliminating Waste, Kaizen

Teams typically go through some steps before achieving a state of increased performance. Changing membership typically reduces cohesion, affecting performance and productivity in the short term.**Development Team membership should change: A)Every Sprint to promote shared learning. B) Never, because it reduces productivity. C) As needed, while taking into account a short term reduction in productivity. D) As needed, with no special allowance for changes in productivity.

On average, items on the Product Backlog tend to be _____ a. Smaller than those on the Sprint Backlog b. The same size as those on the Sprint Backlog c. Larger than those on the Sprint Backlog

C This is how it works: When you first add the items in the Product Backlog, you don't have to break them down into very small and clear items, because it's a form of upfront planning. Some of them may be very large. When you order the items, if they are at the top of the list, you have to make them clear, and make sure they can fit into one Sprint; therefore, you will break them down into smaller items. Some of those child items may remain at the top, and some may go down. Nevertheless, because of this way of refining, the items at the top of the Product Backlog are on average smaller than those at the bottom. On the other hand, items in the Sprint Backlog come from the top of the Product Backlog, therefore, we can say that the items in the Sprint Backlog are, on average, smaller than items on the Product Backlog.

A Scrum project is supposed to have two releases: one in the middle and the other at the end of the project. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Increments that are created before each release should be releasable. b. Increments are created for investigation and adaptation; they don't have to be releasable. c. It depends on the operations' preference. d. All increments should be releasable.

A Sprint can be cancelled before the Sprint time-box is over. A Sprint would be cancelled if the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. This might occur if the company changes direction or if market or technology conditions change.**When might a Sprint be abnormally cancelled? A) When it becomes clear that not everything will be finished by the end of the Sprint. B) When the Development Team feels that the work is too hard. C) When the sales department has an important new opportunity. D) When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete.

The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for managing the Product Backlog.**Who has the final say on the order of the Product Backlog? A)The Stakeholders B)The Development Team C)The Scrum Master D)The Product Owner E)The CEO

Which of the following are correct about the length of Sprints? a. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough to develop all items in the Sprint Backlog. b. Sprint length is set during Sprint Planning, and is long enough for programming and testing all items, but not for integrating them. c. Depends on the position of the stars ;) d. All Sprints must be one month or less.

D One month is the maximum timeboxed duration for Sprints in Scrum.

How much time do the developers spend on Product Backlog Refinement? a. As much as needed b. Usually not more than 20% of their time c. Usually not more than 5% of their time d. Usually not more than 10% of their time

D Remember that it's the developers who usually spend not more than 10% of their time on refining the backlog; the Product Owner usually spends more time on that.

When is a Sprint over? A) When all Product Backlog items meet their definition of done. B) When the Product Owner says it is done. C) When all the tasks are completed. D) When the time-box expires.

D The duration of a Sprint is fixed and cannot be shortened or lengthened.

Which three of the following are pillars of Scrum? a. Value optimization b. Sustainable pace c. Creativity d. Inspection e. Adaptation f. Transparency

D, E, F

The Product Backlog is ordered by: A) Size, where small items are at the top and large items are at the bottom. B) Risk, where safer items are at the top, and riskier items are at the bottom. C) Least valuable items at the top to most valuable at the bottom. D) Items are randomly arranged. E) Whatever is deemed most appropriate by the Product Owner.

E The Product Owner decides what makes the most sense to optimize the value of the work being done by the Development Team.

What are the two primary ways a Scrum Master keeps a Development Team working at its highest level of productivity? A) By facilitating Development Team decisions B) By removing impediments that hinder the Development Team C) By starting and ending the meetings at the proper time D) By keeping high value features high in the Product Backlog

A, B A Scrum Master is a servant-leader for the Development Team. Facilitation and removing impediments serves a team in achieving the best productivity possible.

The three pillars of empirical process control are: A) Respect For People, Kaizen, Eliminating Waste B) Planning, Demonstration, Retrospective C) Inspection, Transparency, Adaptation D) Planning, Inspection, Adaptation E) Transparency, Eliminating Waste, Kaizen

C Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism. Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. Three pillars uphold every implementation of empirical process control: transparency, inspection, and adaptation.

When might a Sprint be abnormally cancelled? A) When it becomes clear that not everything will be finished by the end of the Sprint. B) When the Development Team feels that the work is too hard. C) When the sales department has an important new opportunity. D) When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete.

D A Sprint can be cancelled before the Sprint time-box is over. A Sprint would be cancelled if the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. This might occur if the company changes direction or if market or technology conditions change.

The time-box for a Daily Scrum is? A) The same time of day every day. B) Two minutes per person. C) 4 hours. D) 15 minutes. E) 15 minutes for a 4 week sprint. For shorter Sprints it is usually shorter.

D The length of a daily Scrum is time-boxed at 15 minutes, it does not change with the length of a Sprint.

When is the Sprint over? (Choose two answers) a. When the Product Owner cancels the Sprint b. When the Sprint Backlog tasks are done c. When the timeboxed duration is over d. When the Scrum Master announces the end of the Sprint e. When all Sprint Backlog items are done

A, C It's a simple question: you need to know what timeboxing means, and that Sprints are timeboxed. Other than the normal ends of Sprints, the Product Owner also has the authority to cancel a Sprint.

Which two things does the Development Team do during the first Sprint? A) Deliver an increment of potentially releasable software. B) Determine the complete architecture and infrastructure for the product. C) Develop and deliver at least one piece of functionality. D) Develop a plan for the rest of the release. E) Create the complete Product Backlog to be developed in subsequent Sprints

A, C The heart of Scrum is a Sprint, a time-box of one month or less during which a "Done", useable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created. This applies to every Sprint

A Product Owner who used to be a project manager in the past is using burn-up charts instead of burn-down charts. Is that acceptable? a. Burn-up charts are used in traditional methods, and they should be replaced by burn-down charts. b. There's nothing wrong with it.

B It's up to the Product Owner to decide how they want to measure and visualize performance.

What is the main reason for the Scrum Master to be at the Daily Scrum? A) To make sure every team member answers the three questions. B) He or she does not have to be there; he or she only has to ensure the Development Team has a Daily Scrum. C) To write down any changes to the Sprint Backlog, including adding new items, and tracking progress on the burn-down. D) To gather status and progress information to report to management.

B The Scrum Master enforces the rule that only Development Team members participate in the Daily Scrum.

The Development Team is free to change their engineering practices whenever they want. a. False b. True

B They are the technical people in the project, which makes them the best people to decide about engineering practices, and they are also self-organized.

When many Development Teams are working on a single product, what best describes the definition of "Done?" A) Each Development Team defines and uses its own. The differences are discussed and reconciled during a hardening Sprint. B) Each Development Team uses its own but must make their definition clear to all other teams so the differences are known. C) All Development Teams must have a definition of "Done" that makes their combined work potentially releasable. D) It depends.

C Scrum requires an Increment to be releasable. This is an Increment of product. Many teams working on a single product are expected to deliver such an Increment.

The CEO asks the Development Team to add a "very important" item to a Sprint that is in progress. What should the Development Team do? A) Add the item to the current Sprint without any adjustments. B) Add the item to the current Sprint and drop an item of equal size. C) Add the item to the next Sprint. D) Inform the Product Owner so he/she can work with the CEO.

D The items selected for a Sprint have been selected as most valuable with the Product Owner. The items serve the Sprint's goal. No changes should be made that endanger the Sprint Goal. No one external to the Scrum Team can force changes on the Development Team (Sprint Backlog) and the Product Owner (Product Backlog).

The Scrum Master can also be a member of the Development Team a. True b. False

A A better way of asking is "Can the same person play both the Scrum Master role and a Development Team member role?" One person can have more than one role in Scrum (not recommended, but allowed).

Each item in the Sprint Backlog is owned by one or a pair of developers. a. False b. True

A Each item may be done by one or a pair of developers (usually more people are involved), but those people won't "own" the item, and all developers stay accountable for it and share the ownership.

What is the recommended size for a Development Team (within the Scrum Team)? A) Minimal 7 B) 3 to 9 C) 7 plus or minus 2 D) 9

B Optimal Development Team size is small enough to remain nimble and large enough to complete significant work. Fewer than three Development Team members decreases interaction and results in smaller productivity gains. More than nine members simply requires too much coordination.

How many hours per day should a Development Team member work? a. At least 6 ideal man-hours b. Between 6 and 16 hours, depending on the situation c. At a constant pace d. As much as needed for realizing the Sprint Backlog items by the end of the Sprint

Who is responsible for engaging stakeholders? a. The Project Manager b. The Development Team c. The Product Owner d. The Scrum Master

C Engagement of stakeholders is mostly about and around the Product Backlog items, and at least indirectly, about the value created in the project. That's why this is mainly the responsibility of the Product Owner to keep them engaged.

How much work must a Development Team do to a Product Backlog item it selects for a Sprint? A) As much as it has told the Product Owner will be done for every Product Backlog item it selects in conformance with the definition of "Done". B) As much as it can fit into the Sprint. C) All development work and at least some testing. D) Analysis, design, programming, testing and documentation.

A The purpose of each Sprint is to deliver Increments of potentially releasable functionality that adhere to the Scrum Team's current definition of "Done".

The maximum length of the Sprint Review (its time-box) is: A) 2 hours. B) 4 hours for a monthly Sprint. For shorter Sprints it is usually shorter. C) As long as needed. D) 1 day. E) 4 hours and longer as needed.

B Sprint Review is a four-hour time-boxed meeting for one-month Sprints. For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter.

What is the role of Management in Scrum? A) Continually monitor staffing levels of the Development Team. B) Monitor the Development Team's productivity. C) Support the Product Owner with insights and information into high value product and system capabilities. Support the Scrum Master to cause organizational change that fosters empiricism, self-organization, bottom-up intelligence, and intelligent release of software. D) Identify and remove people that aren't working hard enough.

C Management has no active role in the actual product development through Scrum. However, management external to the Scrum team is incredibly important in setting the vision and strategy to guide the overall direction of the organization.

When does a customer cancel a Sprint? a. When not enough information is available for the items in the Sprint Backlog b. When there's an unsolved technical dependency c. When not enough resources are available for the project d. The customer doesn't have the authority to cancel the Sprint.

When does the next Sprint begin? A) Next Monday. B) Immediately following the next Sprint Planning. C) When the Product Owner is ready. D) Immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint.

D A new Sprint starts immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint.

The length of a Sprint should be: A) Short enough to keep the business risk acceptable to the Product Owner. B) Short enough to be able to synchronize the development work with other business events. C) No more than one month. D) All of these answers are correct.

D All of these choices are appropriate considerations in determining the length of a Sprint.

What's the main reason for the Product Owner to be at the Daily Scrum? a. To participate as a Scrum Team member b. To track changes to the Sprint Backlog. c. To tell developers what to do. d. It's not necessary for them to be in the meeting.

D In general, Daily Scrum is for the Development Team, which means that only the developers "participate" (talk). Others can "attend" (watch), but they won't "participate" (talk). Well, unless it's about a Scrum Master facilitating the meeting (not so common), in which case they will talk a little ;) However, this contribution of the Scrum Master is about the context, not the content.

Which of the following services are appropriate for a Scrum Master in regard to the Daily Scrum? A) Lead the discussions of the Development Team. B) Ensure that all 3 questions have been answered. C) Facilitate in a way that ensures each team member has a chance to speak. D) Teach the Development Team to keep the Daily Scrum within the 15 minute time-box. E) All answers apply.

D The Scrum Master ensures that the Development Team has the meeting, but the Development Team is responsible for conducting the Daily Scrum. The Scrum Master teaches the Development Team to keep the Daily Scrum within the 15-minute time-box. The Scrum Master enforces the rule that only Development Team members participate in the Daily Scrum.

What's the timeboxed duration of Sprint Planning? a. 8 hours b. Maximum 3 hours c. 3 hours d. Maximum 8 hours

D The timeboxed duration of events is as follows: Sprint - Maximum 1 month Daily Scrum - 15 minutes Sprint Planning - 8 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Review - 4 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally Sprint Retrospective - 3 hours in a one-month Sprint, and shorter proportionally

Which statement best describes a Product Owner's responsibility? A) Optimizing the value of the work the Development Team does. B) Directing the Development Team. Incorrect answer C) Managing the project and ensuring that the work meets the commitments to the stakeholders. D) Keeping stakeholders at bay.

A The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Development Team.

The purpose of a Sprint is to produce a done increment of working product. A) True B) False

A The heart of Scrum is a Sprint, a time-box of one month or less during which a "Done", usable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created.

Who is on the Scrum Team? Correct answer A) The Scrum Master B) The Product Owner C) The Development Team D) Project Manager E) None of the above

A, B, C The Scrum Team consists of the Scrum Master (manages the process), the Product Owner (decides what to do) and the Development Team (does the work).

What are the three questions of the Daily Scrum? a. What work am I going to do today to help the team achieve its goal? b. How many hours did I spend on the project yesterday? c. What impediments are in my way or in the way of the team? d. What work did I do yesterday to help the team achieve its goal? e. Are we able to deliver all Sprint Backlog items by the end of the Sprint? f. What problems did I have yesterday?

A, C, D It's not mandatory to use these questions, but very common and recommended.

Why is the Daily Scrum held at the same time and same place? A) The place can be named. B) The consistency reduces complexity. C) The Product Owner demands it. D) Rooms are hard to book and this lets it be booked in advance.

B The Daily Scrum is held at the same time and place each day to reduce complexity.

Having the team members and a complete Product Backlog are the only things needed to start the project. a. True b. False

B The Product Backlog is never complete.

Which three of the following are feedback loops in Scrum? a. Product Backlog Refinement b. Daily Scrum c. Sprint Planning d. Release Planning e. Sprint Review

B, C, E Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective are "formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting", and are considered "feedback loops".

Which two statements are correct about an item that is in-progress at the end of the Sprint? a. Demonstrate it in the Sprint Review meeting, if the item is presentable in its current state. b. It can be added to the Increment if the customer accepts it. c. Do not include it in the Increment. d. It can be added to the Increment if the user acceptance tests are done. e. Move it back to the Product Backlog.

C, E

Upon what type of process control is Scrum based? A) Empirical B) Hybrid C) Defined D) Complex

A Scrum is founded on empirical process control theory, or empiricism. Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known.

Who is responsible for managing the progress of work during a Sprint? A) The Development Team B) The Scrum Master C) The Product Owner D) The most junior member of the Team

A The Development Team uses the Daily Scrum to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and to inspect how progress is trending toward completing the work in the Sprint Backlog.

Which statement is correct about the Sprint Backlog? a. It has just enough detail. b. It has all the details. c. It has no detail.

A Both Sprint Backlog and Product Backlog evolve during their lives, and the amount of information grows as time passes. So, at each point in time, they don't have as much detail as they will have in the future (also imaginary future). On the other hand, we never add all the details there. For example, it's common to say that a User Story doesn't provide all the information, but is an excuse for people involved in the project to have communications around a certain topic. The details are in those communications, and are not completely captured in the backlog.

Products have one Product Backlog, regardless of how many teams are used. Any other setup makes it difficult for the Development Team to determine what it should work on.**When multiple teams work together on the same product, each team should maintain a separate Product Backlog. A) True B) False

The Daily Scrum is held at the same time and place each day to reduce complexity.**Why is the Daily Scrum held at the same time and same place? A) The place can be named. B) The consistency reduces complexity. C) The Product Owner demands it. D) Rooms are hard to book and this lets it be booked in advance.

The Product Owner is not collaborating with the developers during the Sprint. What would you do as the Scrum Master? a. Talk to the functional manager of the Product Owner. b. Bring up the issue in the next Sprint Retrospective. c. Nominate someone else as the proxy Product Owner. d. Cancel the Sprint and start training the Product Owner

When multiple teams are working on a project, they should select work from the same Product Backlog. a. False b. True

Which of the following best describes transparency? a. The whole process should be visible to stakeholders. b. Significant aspects of the process must be visible to those responsible for the outcome. c. The process should be visible, and understood by key stakeholders. d. The whole process should be visible to everyone.

Why are Daily Scrums held at the same time and same place? a. So that everyone will know where and when to find the developers b. To reduce complexity and wasted time c. To be able to book rooms upfront d. To make sure everyone has to be there

Each Scrum Team should have a Scrum Master and a Product Owner. a. False b. True

B It doesn't mean that those people cannot be the Product Owner or Scrum Masters of other teams. When there are multiple teams, multiple "people" can work as the Scrum Master, but they will all have one Product Owner. Still, the statement stays valid: there's one person you can identify as your Product Owner.

It is mandatory that the product increment be released to production at the end of each Sprint. A) True B) False

B The product increment should be usable and releasable at the end of every Sprint, but it does not have to be released.

Which two of the following best describe Sprint Planning? a. What are we going to do during the Sprint? b. Who will do what we have decided to do in the Sprint? c. Who will be in the team this Sprint? d. What went wrong in the last Sprint and what to do about it e. How are we going to do what we have decided to do in the Sprint?

A, E

What do we do with Done items when the Sprint is cancelled? a. They should be moved to the next Sprint Backlog. b. They should be moved back to the Product Backlog, and will be taken care of in future Sprints. c. They will be reviewed, and if they are potentially releasable, the Product Owner typically accepts them.

Sprint Review is a formal meeting. a. False b. True

A It's not a formal meeting, in the sense that you and the customer won't work on approval/acceptance of the product and exchanging signatures (that would block feedback generation). This may be confusing, because on the other hand, Sprint Review (and other events) are considered "formal opportunities for inspecting and adapting". The word "formal" has been used for two different meanings in the exam, the former is what we have in this question, and the latter simply means "serious"! So, make sure you understand the context of the question to interpret words such as "formal".

What does a burn-down chart measure? a. The amount of business value delivered to the customer b. Cost of the project across time c. Work remaining across time d. Work that is done based on the Definition of Done

Development Team membership should change: A)Every Sprint to promote shared learning. B) Never, because it reduces productivity. C) As needed, while taking into account a short term reduction in productivity. D) As needed, with no special allowance for changes in productivity.

C Teams typically go through some steps before achieving a state of increased performance. Changing membership typically reduces cohesion, affecting performance and productivity in the short term.

Who is required to attend the Daily Scrum? A) The Development Team. B) The Scrum team. C) The Development Team and Scrum Master. D) The Development Team and Product Owner. E) The Scrum Master and Product Owner.

A Only the people doing the work described on the Sprint Backlog need to inspect and adapt at the Daily Scrum. If the Scrum Master or Product Owner is also on the Development Team, they will need to be at the Daily Scrum. Otherwise, the Scrum Master simply has to make sure the Development Team knows how to conduct a Daily Scrum and does so.

Which of the following is not allowed in Scrum? a. Sprint Zero b. Using Planning Poker c. Using Story Points d. Refactoring

A Some concepts are mandatory; e.g. Sprint Retrospective. Some are not mandatory, but allowed; e.g. using User Stories. Some are not allowed; e.g. Sprint Zero. It's important not to mix the "not mandatory, but allowed" with the "not allowed".

When does a Development Team member become the sole owner of a Sprint Backlog item? A) At the Sprint planning meeting. B) Never. All Sprint Backlog Items are "owned" by the entire Development Team, even though each one may be implemented by an individual development team member. C) Whenever a team member can accommodate more work. D) During the Daily Scrum.

B Sprint Backlog and all of its items are collectively owned by the Development Team. No individual team member can claim ownership over an item as this would block communication and collaboration.

What does it mean to say that an event has a time-box? A) The event must happen at a set time. B) The event must happen by a given time. C) The event must take at least a minimum amount of time. D) The event can take no more than a maximum amount of time.

D Time-boxed events are events that have a maximum duration.

Which statement best describes Scrum? A) A complete methodology that defines how to develop software. B) A cookbook that defines best practices for software development. C) A framework within which complex products in complex environments are developed. D) A defined and predictive process that conforms to the principles of Scientific Management.

C Scrum is not a process or a technique for building products; rather, it is a framework within which you can employ various processes and techniques.

The Development Team should have all the skills needed to: A) Complete the project as estimated when the date and cost are committed to the Product Owner. B) Do all of the development work, except for specialized testing that requires additional tools and environments. C) Turn the Product Backlog items it selects into an increment of potentially releasable product functionality.

C The Development Team consists of professionals who do the work of delivering a potentially releasable Increment of "Done" product at the end of each Sprint. Development Teams are cross-functional, with all of the skills as a team necessary to create a product Increment.

The purpose of each Sprint is to deliver Increments of potentially releasable functionality that adhere to the Scrum Team's current definition of "Done".**How much work must a Development Team do to a Product Backlog item it selects for a Sprint? A) As much as it has told the Product Owner will be done for every Product Backlog item it selects in conformance with the definition of "Done". B) As much as it can fit into the Sprint. C) All development work and at least some testing. D) Analysis, design, programming, testing and documentation.

An organization has decided to adopt Scrum, but management wants to change the terminology to fit with terminology already used. What will likely happen if this is done? A) Without a new vocabulary as a reminder of the change, very little change may actually happen. B) The organization may not understand what has changed with Scrum and the benefits of Scrum may be lost. C) Management may feel less anxious. D) All answers apply.

The Product Backlog is baselined before the first Sprint a. False b. True

A "Baseline" has a specific meaning in project management that may apply to some elements in Scrum. However, Scrum.org interprets it as keeping the subject fixed, and therefore, believes that there are no baselines in Scrum.

Which two of the following are outputs of the Sprint Planning meeting? a. Estimations for the sizes of items b. Resource assignment c. Tasks d. Items selected from the Product Backlog e. Order of items in the Product Backlog

C, D

A new Sprint starts immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint.**When does the next Sprint begin? A) Next Monday. B) Immediately following the next Sprint Planning. C) When the Product Owner is ready. D) Immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint.

The heart of Scrum is a Sprint, a time-box of one month or less during which a "Done", useable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created. This applies to every Sprint**Which two things does the Development Team do during the first Sprint? A) Deliver an increment of potentially releasable software. B) Determine the complete architecture and infrastructure for the product. C) Develop and deliver at least one piece of functionality. D) Develop a plan for the rest of the release. E) Create the complete Product Backlog to be developed in subsequent Sprints

A, C

There are no testers in Scrum. a. True b. False

Which statement best describes the Sprint Review? A) It is a mechanism to control the Development Team's activities during a Sprint. B) It is when the Scrum Team and stakeholders inspect the outcome of a Sprint and figure out what to do next. C) It is a demo at the end of the Sprint for everyone in the organization to check on the work done.

B Every event in Scrum, besides the Sprint which is a container for the other events, is an opportunity to Inspect AND Adapt.

When multiple teams work together on the same product, each team should maintain a separate Product Backlog. A) True B) False

B Products have one Product Backlog, regardless of how many teams are used. Any other setup makes it difficult for the Development Team to determine what it should work on.

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