second semester Anatomy exam

Type of photo receptor cell that detects colors

Cones

Transparent portion of the fibrous layer

Cornea

Gel-like substance that helps to reinforce the eyeball

Vitreous Humor

What vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency?

cataracts

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to ________.

lemon

Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure

lens

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.

lens

What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

lens

The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.

malleus or hammer

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles ________.

malleus, incus, stapes

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.

movement of otoliths along hair cells

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

myopia

1. Nearsightedness 2.Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness 3. "Crossed eyes" 4. Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors 5. Inflammation of the conjunctiva 6. Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging

myopia glaucoma strabismus colorblindness conjunctivitis presbyopia

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

olfactory receptor

Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ________.

optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe Submit

The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called ________.

papillae

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

presbyopia

Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?

pungent

Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

retina

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

retina

"White of the eye"

sclera

The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the ________.

scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?

sensorineural deafness

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.

spiral organ of Corti

The five taste sensations are ________.

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami Submit

An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.

true

Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles.

true

The "stirrup" is also referred to as the stapes.

true

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

true

Umami taste receptors respond to the amino acid glutamate; these receptors guide the intake of proteins.

true

Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ________.

vision

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________.

vitreous humor (body)

Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light.

false

The olfactory receptors are responsible for detecting taste sensations.

false

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?

fovea centralis

What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?

gustatory cells

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________.

hair cells

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?

hair cells

Area of greatest visual acuity

fovea centralis

Gland that releases tears

lacrimal gland

Eye movements are controlled by the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves.

true

Tarsal glands situated between the eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.

true

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.

vestibule

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.

conjunctiva

What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?

convergence

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.

cornea

Portion of the optic nerve that lacks photoreceptor cells

optic disc

The age-related fusion of ear bones is known as ________.

otosclerosis

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.

prevent light from scattering inside the eye Submit

Layer that contains millions of photoreceptors

retina

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

rods

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

sclera; cornea

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.

semicircular canals

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ________.

taste

The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals.

true

The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.

true

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

true

The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.

true

The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat.

true

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.

tympanic membrane

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Type of gel-like substance located in the posterior segment

vitreous humor

The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ________.

binocular vision

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

color blindness

A person with total color blindness may lack ________.

cones

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.

incus

The pupil is an opening within the ________.

iris

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

lacrimal

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

lacrimal