second semester Anatomy exam
Type of photo receptor cell that detects colors
Cones
Transparent portion of the fibrous layer
Cornea
Gel-like substance that helps to reinforce the eyeball
Vitreous Humor
What vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency?
cataracts
Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to ________.
lemon
Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
lens
The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.
lens
What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
lens
The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.
malleus or hammer
Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles ________.
malleus, incus, stapes
Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.
movement of otoliths along hair cells
The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.
myopia
1. Nearsightedness 2.Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness 3. "Crossed eyes" 4. Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors 5. Inflammation of the conjunctiva 6. Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging
myopia glaucoma strabismus colorblindness conjunctivitis presbyopia
What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?
olfactory receptor
Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ________.
optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe Submit
The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called ________.
papillae
The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.
presbyopia
Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?
pungent
Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?
retina
Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
retina
"White of the eye"
sclera
The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the ________.
scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?
sensorineural deafness
Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.
spiral organ of Corti
The five taste sensations are ________.
sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami Submit
An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.
true
Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles.
true
The "stirrup" is also referred to as the stapes.
true
The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.
true
Umami taste receptors respond to the amino acid glutamate; these receptors guide the intake of proteins.
true
Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ________.
vision
The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________.
vitreous humor (body)
Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light.
false
The olfactory receptors are responsible for detecting taste sensations.
false
What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?
fovea centralis
What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?
gustatory cells
Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________.
hair cells
What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?
hair cells
Area of greatest visual acuity
fovea centralis
Gland that releases tears
lacrimal gland
Eye movements are controlled by the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves.
true
Tarsal glands situated between the eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.
true
Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.
vestibule
The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.
conjunctiva
What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?
convergence
The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.
cornea
Portion of the optic nerve that lacks photoreceptor cells
optic disc
The age-related fusion of ear bones is known as ________.
otosclerosis
The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.
prevent light from scattering inside the eye Submit
Layer that contains millions of photoreceptors
retina
What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?
rods
The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.
sclera; cornea
Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.
semicircular canals
Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ________.
taste
The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals.
true
The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.
true
The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.
true
The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.
true
The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat.
true
Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.
tympanic membrane
What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane (ear drum)
Type of gel-like substance located in the posterior segment
vitreous humor
The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ________.
binocular vision
Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?
color blindness
A person with total color blindness may lack ________.
cones
The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.
incus
The pupil is an opening within the ________.
iris
The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.
lacrimal
Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?
lacrimal