Segment 1 EXAM

EEG

A method doctors use to gage electrical activity in the brain is

Learned helplessness

A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor. The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them. Later, the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle. When the shocks are given, the dogs do not even try to escape. They just sit and cower. This is an example of:

Extinction

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell, he experimented with ringing the bell and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the bell. This represents the process called:

aquarium light

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

The alien can detect higher frequencies, but its hearing is not as acute at lower frequencies.

An alien from outer space was just captured. Scientists take turns examining the creature. At a press conference, one of the scientists reports that the alien can hear frequencies between 10,000 and 30,000 Hz. How does the alien's ability to detect sound compare to a human being's ability?

Shaping

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has been used with autistic children. The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is:

Maturation

Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint, such as an increase in height or the size of the brain, are examples of ________.

psychoactive drugs

Chemicals that can alter consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior are called ________.

parietal lobe

Corey was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. She now has difficulty with her hearing and her memory. The part of her brain most likely injured was her ________.

Prevent neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed into the synaptic vesicles

Despite its dangers, a young man continues to take cocaine because of the feeling of euphoria it produces for him. This powerful arousal of his nervous system is probably due to cocaine's ability to

cilia

Each olfactory receptor cell has a half dozen to a dozen little hairs that project out. These are called ________.

Bentley's right hemisphere may take over much of the language function.

Five-year old Bentley suffered injury to the speech production location in his brain's left hemisphere when he fell off of his bike. Research suggests that:

forming new memories

Harvey sustained major injuries in the hippocampus. He is most likely experiencing difficulty in:

reinforcement

In operant conditioning, ________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

we are seeing primarily with the rods

It is difficult to distinguish between colors at night because ________.

"I know what you are — you are a supertaster."

Maricella always uses less seasoning on her food than do the other members of her family. Her sister has just taken an introductory psychology course and says to Maricella, ________.

Brain wave activity

Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change:

Watson

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is:

conditioned response

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a:

Stimulus substitution

Pavlov's model of classical conditioning was based on the idea that the conditioned stimulus, through its association close in time with the unconditioned stimulus, came to activate the same place in the animal's brain that was originally activated by the unconditioned stimulus. This was known as:

acetylcholine

Research points to the evidence that Alzheimer's disease is linked to the destruction of neurons that produce

Which of the following is true of research on insight?

Researchers have found support for the existence of both human and animal insight learning

sensory adaptation ??

Shelly is driving in a car for an hour, with the windows down and her favorite song playing at maximum volume. Shelly turns the car off and leaves the car for a quick trip to her favorite diner. When she returns to the car and turns it on, the radio comes on at the same high volume. It hurts her ears this time. She failed to realize how loudly she was listening to her favorite song. This shows the principle of:

cats

Skinner was to rats as Thorndike was to:

sleeping pills help cure insomnia

Sleep research supports three of the following helpful hints. Which statement is NOT accurate?

Subliminal stimuli

Some people believe that ________ are messages that can be sent to consumers, prompting them to buy a product without their being aware of receiving such messages.

insight learning

The "aha!"experience is known as:

threshold

The amount of stimulation needed to activate a neural impulse is called the

children who have portions of their damaged brain surgically removed

The benefits of a brain's plasticity are easily seen in:

sympathetic nervous system

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is the ________ division.

container receptor sites are stimulated by different molecules

The cilia in the nasal cavity act in a manner similar to taste buds in that they ________.

Operant conditioning

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called ________.

frontal

The motor cortex is located in the ________ lobe of the brain.

testes

The ovaries in females are like the _______ in males:

absolute threshold

The point at which a person can detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the ________.

weber's law

The principle that the just noticeable difference of any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulus being judged is called ________.

sensory adaptation

The process by which unchanging information from the senses of taste, touch, smell, and vision is "ignored" by the sensory receptor cells themselves is called ________.

all neurons in the brain either fire or none of them fire

The terminology known as "all-or-none" principal discusses the fact that

puzzle box

Thorndike was known for his work with:

to filter out high intensity sound waves that can be harmful

What is the basic function of the outer ear?

loud noise

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

Absolute threshold

When Ann went to her doctor, he gave her a hearing test. During the test, the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones. The tones started at a low intensity and then became louder. The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she started to hear a sound. The doctor was testing Ann's ________.

binocular disparity

When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates ________.

collosum

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the brain?

c. a dog blinking his eyes after a flash of light is presented.

Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior?

they are responsible for night vision

Which of the following is true of rods?

pitch

Which of the following properties of sound is the most similar to the brightness of light?

hypnosis cannot give a person superhuman strength

Which of the following statements is correct concerning what hypnosis can NOT do?

a.The effect of punishment is often temporary. b. Severe punishment creates fear and anxiety c. Punishment is the opposite of reinforcement.

Which of the following statements is true regarding punishment?

Rescorla

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?

Alpha eventually replaced by theta

You are watching sleep researchers monitor the sleep of a normal adult. The participant is hooked up to an EEG. What brain waves would you observe as the person becomes drowsy and then enters the first stage of sleep?

delta

Your brain waves are being monitored in a sleep laboratory. If you are in deep sleep less than an hour after falling asleep, what brain waves will be detected?

learning

________ is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.