Self Paced Phonics (Ch 5 & 6)

The consonant digraph ch usually represents the phoneme /_____/. However, it may also represent the phonemes /____/ and /____/.

/ch/ /k/ and /sh/

In the following words, indicate the consonant phoneme represented by each underlined letter or pair of letters. gin /___/ (g) where /___/ (wh) goat /___/ (g) phonics /___/ (ph) coat /___/ (c) lux /___/ /___ / (x) who /___/ (w) cent /___/ (c)

/j/ /hw/ /g/ /f/ /k/ /k/ /s/ /h/ /s/

Fill in the proper consonant phoneme for each of the following underlined letter(s): cage /__/ (c) queen /__/ /__/ (q) who /__/ (wh) sox /__/ /__/ (x) knew /__/ (k) cell /__/ (c) measure /__/ (s) critique /__/ (q)

/k/ /k/ /w/ /h/ /k/ /s/ silent /s/ /zh/ /k/

The "soft c" is represented by the phoneme /___/. The "hard c" is represented by the phoneme /___/. The "soft g" is represented by the phoneme /___/. The "hard g" is represented by the phoneme /___/.

/s/ /k/ /j/ /g/

Fill in the proper vowel phoneme for each of the underlined letter(s): air /__/ (ai) toe /__/ (oe) senator /__/ (a) call /__/ (a) otter /__/ (o) house /__/ (ou) turn /__/ (u) good /__/ (oo)

/â/ /ō/ e flipped around (schwa) /ô/ /ŏ/ /ou/ /û/ /ŏo/

In the following words, indicate the vowel phoneme represented by each underlined letter or pair of letters. dance /___/ (a) awful /___/ (aw) double /___/ (ou) away /___/ (a) put /___/ (u) avenge /___/ (e) disk/___/ (i) verse/___/ (e)

/ă/ /ô/ /ŭ/ none /ôo/ /ĕ/ /ĭ/ /û/

There are ____________________ vowel phonemes in the English language.

19

How many phonemes are represented in the following words? Write the number of phonemes and then write each word using its phoneme pronunciation symbols. ex: phone, 3, /f/ /ō/ /n/ out knew about auto could toy pearl pudding dare

2, /ou/ /t/ 2, /n/ /oo/ 4, // /b/ /ou/ /t/ 3, /ô/ /t/ /ō/ 3, /k/ /ŏo/ /d/ 2, /t/ /oi/ 4, /p/ /û/ /r/ /l/ 5, /p/ /ŏo/ /d/ /ĭ/ /ng/ 3, /d/ /â/ /r/

How many phonemes are represented in the following words? Write each word using its phoneme pronunciation symbols. red ______ ____________________ coat ______ ____________________ wheel ______ ____________________ quit ______ ____________________ who ______ ____________________ when ______ ____________________ fly ______ ____________________ curse ______ ____________________ dialect ______ ____________________

3, /r/ /ĕ/ /d/ 3, /k/ /ō/ /t/ 3, /hw/ /ē/ /l/ 4, /k/ /w/ /ĭ/ /t/ 2, /h/ /oo/ 3, /hw/ /ĕ/ /n/ 3, /f/ l/ /ī/ 4, /k/ /û/ /r/ /s/ 7, /d/ /ī/ // /l/ /ĕ/ /k/ /t/

Short and long vowels are often introduced in words with certain spelling patterns. Are the following patterns short or long? CVC ____________________ CV ____________________ VCe ____________________ VC ____________________

CVC short CV long VCe long VC short

Define the following terms Phonics:

a method in which basic phonetics is used to teach reading

An allophone is (a sound belonging to the same phoneme, a rhyming phoneme).

a sound belonging to the same phoneme

Consonant:

a sound represented by any letter of the English alphabet except a, e, i, o, u

Syllable:

a unit of pronunciation consisting of a vowel alone or a vowel with one of more consonants. there is only one vowel phoneme in each syllable

the a in swa has the same sound as: a. a in may. b. a in wand. c. a in add. d. a in art. e. none of the above.

a. a in may

the e in ceab has the same sound as: a. e in he. b. e in err. c. e in end. d. e in her. e. none of the above.

a. e in he

Of the 21 single consonant letters, four are phonemically inconsistent and represent more than one sound. Alphabetically list these four consonant letters, indicate the phonemes they can represent, and write out a key word for each. Letter Phonemes Words _______ /___/, /___/ _______________ , _______________ _______ /___/, /___/ _______________ , _______________ _______ /___/, /___/ _______________ , _______________ _______ /___/ _______________ /___ / /___/ _______________ /___ / /___/ _____

answers will vary c /k/, /s/ coat /k/, cent /s/ g /j/, /g/ go /g/, wage /j/ s /s/, /z/ is /z/, his /z/ x /z/ /k/ /s/ /g/ /z/ sox /k/ /s/ exit /g/ /z/ or /k/ /s/ xerox /z/

Studies have shown that children who begin their schooling knowing the ABCs are more likely to become better readers than children who lack this knowledge. Of what importance is this fact for teachers of beginning reading?

answers will vary. however, the fact that the relationship is not one of cause and effect should be included in the answer. Knowledge of letter names does not cause one to become a better reader.

Open syllable:

any syllable that ends with a vowel phoneme

______________ _____________, the ability to hear sounds of varying pitch and loudness, is an important factor in beginning reading.

auditory acuity

_____________is the ability to hear likenesses and differences among sounds as they occur in spoken words.

auditory discrimination

the a in paic has the same sound as: a. a in art. b. a in name. c. a in map. d. a in swan. e. none of the above.

b. a in name

the o in woab has the same sound as: a. o in boy. b. o in go. c. o in out. d. o in cot. e. none of the above.

b. o in go

Can you discriminate between consonant digraphs and consonant blends? Write D after letter combinations that represent digraphs and B after letter combinations that represent blends. br _______ pl _______ -ck _______ -sk _______ ch _______ sh _______ -nk _______ -ld _______ cl _______ wh ______ -mp ______ -ng ______ kn ______ pr _______ -mb ______ -st _______ th _______ gr _______ -nt _______ -nd ______

br B pl B -ck D -sk B ch D sh D -nk B -ld B cl B wh D -mp B -ng D kn D pr B -mb D -st B th D gr B -nt B -nd B

The following questions should be answered using the vowel generalization information presented earlier. Each question requires the vowel pronunciation contained in a nonsense word. The e in slek has the same sound as: a. e in he. b. e in err. c. e in end. d. e in her. e. none of the above.

c. e in the end

the i in fif has the same sound as: a. i in high. b. i in girl. c. i in in. d. i in pine. e. none of the above.

c. i in in

the o in kote has the same sound as: a. o in cop. b. o in orange. c. o in go. d. o in out. e. none of the above.

c. o in go

Which nonsense words in which c would most likely represent the "soft c" sound: cint cule cymp sluce

cint cymp sluce

Write out the vowel generalization that the words below follow: coat: hope: she: but:

coat: when two successive vowel letters occur in a syllable and they are not any of the special digraphs (oi, oy, ow, ou, oo, au), the first is usually long and the second is silent (especially ee-keep, ea-meat, ai-pain, ay-say, oa-load). hope: when two vowel letters in a syllable are separated by a consonant and one is a final e, the first usually records its long sound, and the e is silent. she: a single vowel letter in a syllable usually represents the long sound if it is the final letter. but: a single vowel letter in a syllable usually represents the short sound if it is not the final letter.

An analysis of Clymer's (1963) and more recent studies reveal that ___________ generalizations generally have a greater utility value than do _____________generalizations.

consonant vowel

(Consonant digraphs, Consonant blends) are sounds in a syllable represented by two or more letters that are combined without losing their individual identity.

consonant blends

When the ______________ ck ends a word, it represents the phoneme /____ /.

consonant digraph /k/

Phonics instruction usually begins with (consonant sounds, vowel sounds).

consonant sounds

Why should teacher and material resources be allocated to the development of first and second language programs within the elementary school grades?

current research suggests that the critical age for language learning spans the elementary and early middle school years. To have the greatest potential impact on either bilingual or first language learning, it is important to focus on appropriate resources where they are likely to be most effective, which is in the elementary and early middle school years for the learner.

the u in knupe has the same sound as: a. u in up. b. u in run. c. u in hurt. d. u in use. e. none of the above

d. u in use

What are some of the implications of delaying the onset of second language instruction for L2 children?

delaying instruction for either first language or bilingual learners, in the case of L2 children, misses opportunities for language learning that are unique to this period of development.

The oa in boat is called a ____________.

digraph

Phonics (appears, does not appear) to be the panacea for most reading ills.

does not appear

What is emergent literacy, and how does it affect learning to read once children enter school?

emergent literacy is "concerned with the earliest phases of literacy development, the period between birth and the time when children read and write conventionally. The term emergent literacy signals a belief that, in a literate society, young children-even one-and two-year olds-are in the process of becoming literate". Thus, if young children have had little opportunity to experiment with reading and writing before they enter school, it can have a significant negative impact on their achievement.

(T/F) It appears that a commitment to whole-word instruction is in direct opposition to using a phonics approach in any significant way.

false

(T/F) Children who enter school with a knowledge of letter names are more likely to become better readers than children who lack this knowledge. Therefore, teaching children the letter names in kindergarten should eliminate many of our reading problems at the lower grade levels. Why?

false the relationship is not one of cause and effect. Knowledge of letter names does not cause one to become a better reader.

The decline of language acquisition skills occurs (gradually, precipitously) during the developmental period.

gradually

A ____________________ of two letters is called a digraph.

grapheme

Which nonsense words in which g would most likely represent the "hard g" sound: giltion gultion buge seg

gultion and seg

(Deductive, Inductive) teaching begins with specifics and moves to generalizations. It is analytic in nature.

inductive

There (is, is not) a best sequence in which vowels should be taught.

is not

Readiness to read (is, is not) something that exists in an absolute sense. Why?

is not it is quite possible that a child will be ready to learn under one set of instructional conditions and not be ready to learn under another.

A single vowel letter in a syllable usually represents the short sound if....

it is not the final letter (cat, but, lot, met, mit)

A single vowel letter in a syllable usually represents the long sound if...

it is the final letter (he, hi, go, pa-per, ti-ger)

The consonant letter _______ and the consonant letter _______ and their respective associated sounds tend to be inserted into words where they do not belong.

l r

When two successive vowel letters occur in a syllable and they are not any of the special digraphs, the first usually records its_____________sound, and the second is_____________.

long silent (ee-keep, ea-meat, ai-pain)

When two vowel letters in a syllable are separated by a consonant and one is a final e, the first usually records its ________ sound, and the e is ___________ .

long silent (hope, cute, late)

A___________ is the symbol used to represent a long vowel sound.

macron

Reading is a visual act that requires effective_____________vision.

near-point

When identical consonant letters are next to each other, (both, only one) (are, is) usually heard.

only one is

Underline any consonant or vowel digraph contained in the following words: out book blunt stun that dare song chat knob clip

out (ou) book (oo) that (th) song (ng) chat (ch) knob (kn)

The study of human speech sounds is called _____________.

phonetics

the ____ gives the vowel before it a sound that is neither long nor short

r-controlled syllable

The _______________ sound is the most common vowel sound in English.

schwa

The ____________________ sound is a short, unstressed vowel that often occurs in unaccented syllables.

schwa

Phonics instruction should be completed by the end of _________________ grade for most children.

second

When a word begins with kn, the k is ______________.

silent

A phoneme is the_____________sound unit of a language that distinguishes one word from another.

smallest

Phonemes:

the smallest sound unit of a language that distinguishes one word from another

Macron:

the symbol (-) placed over a vowel letter to show it is pronounced as a long sound

Why is it more effective to teach vowel generalizations than vowel rules?

the term generalizations better represents the fact that there are exceptions to the letter-sound associations we teach children.

oo has ___ sound

two /ōō/ in food and the /ŏo/ in foot

ow has ___ sounds

two /ŏ/ in own and /ou/ in cow

Diagraph:

two letters that stand for a single phoneme (sound)

Research indicates that practicing visual discrimination for reading is best accomplished through what kind of activities?

visual discrimination must be done with letters and/or words. Practice with geometric figures and pictures does not transfer to the type of visual discrimination needed for reading.

There is only one______________phoneme in each syllable.

vowel

The inconsistent spelling of (consonant sounds, vowel sounds) is a basic problem of phonics.

vowel sounds

What is the advantage of teaching vowel sounds within phonograms as compared to teaching them in isolation?

vowel sounds are far more stable within particular phonograms than they are in isolation.