semester 1 final exam lsn 28

Ganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________.

autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors

Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located

both in the brain stem and in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Which of the following is true for the craniosacral division?

It is also called the parasympathetic division of the ANS.

Compare nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors. (Module 14.6B)

Nicotinic receptors are acetylcholine receptors on the surface of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic cells. Muscarinic receptors are acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptors located at all parasympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and at a few sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions.

Compare the SNS with the ANS. (Module 14.1A)

The SNS provides conscious and subconscious control over skeletal muscles. The ANS controls the visceral effectors: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.

Which is a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

The location of PNS ganglia is typically intramural.

Which neurotransmitter is released at the sympathetic chain ganglia?

acetylcholine

Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the

adrenal glands

Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called

adrenergic.

Name the plexuses innervated by the vagus nerve. (Module 14.4B)

cardiac, celiac, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexuses

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.

chain

Splanchnic nerves

consist of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia.

Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the

digestive tract.

Nicotinic receptors

open chemically gated sodium ion channels.

Which of the following is an effect of sympathetic activation?

stimulation of the medial and lateral pathways associated with a general elevation in muscle tone

Identify two major divisions of the ANS. (Module 14.2A)

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

The statement "There is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ" is

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

The statement "It sends its preganglionic fibers to terminal or intramural ganglia" is

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ________ nerve(s).

vagus