Semester 2 history final review
The ______ to the constitution permitted congress to enact a personal income tax
16th amendment
The _______ amendment _______ the voting age to ________
26;lowered; 18
A. Point four B. NATO C. Truman doctrine D. Marshall plan
3. Aid underdeveloped nations of Latin America, Asia,and Africa 4. Resist soviet military threat 1. Assist communist threatened Greece and turkey 2. Promote economic recovery in Europe
Construction of an isthmian canal across Central America was motivated mainly by
A desire to improve defense by allowing rapid naval movements between two oceans
The supreme courts ruling prohibiting further recounting of floridas votes and awarding the 2000 election to George w bush was based on
A finding that floridas inconsistent standards for evaluating ballots violated the equal protection clause of the constitution
When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, president Kennedy ordered
A naval quarantine of cuba
As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was
A pioneer of strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale
The 1968 Democratic Party convention witnessed
A violent conflict between police and anti war demonstrators outside the convention hall
Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelly
Actively lobbied for social reforms like anti sweatshop laws and child labor laws
What was FDR reelected in 1944
Allies were winning the war
population distribution after world war 2 followed a pattern of
An urban suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas
President Wilson broke diplomatic relations any when
Any announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the atlantic
Japanese Americans were placed in concentration camps during world war 2
As a result of anti Japanese prejudice and fear
General Ulysses S. Grant basic strategy in the civil war involved
Assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly
When FDR became president in March 1933, the most immediate emergency facing him was the near collapse of the entire _______ system
Banking
The United States governments outlawing of the Indian sun (ghost) dance in 1980 resulted in the
Battle of wounded knee
Americans offered growing support for a free public education system
Because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens
Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his
Belief that america needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis
A ________ was an emigrant who came to America to work for a short time and then returned to europe
Bird if passage
John f Kennedys strategy of flexible response
Called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of the crisis
In the 1992 national elections, democratic candidate Bill clinton
Campaigned as a New Democrat who proposed to move away from his party's traditional liberalism
Ronald Reagan was similar to Franklin D Roosevelt in that both men
Championed the common man against vast, impersonal menaces
The Taft-Hartley act delivered a major blow to labor by outlawing _______ shops
Closed(all Union)
For the Soviet unions new policies of glasnost and perestroika to work , it was essential that the
Cold War end
The fundamental strategic decision of world war 2 made by president Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to
Concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the pacific war against the back burner
The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because
Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping their hands off the issue
What was the supreme court ruling in schechter(sick chicken) v United States and because if its decision, what agency was declared unconstitutional?
Congress couldn't delegate legislative powers to executive branch ;NRA
The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by
Creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accommodationists who supported it
In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v Board of education of Topeka, the supreme court
Declared that the concept of separate but equal facilities for black and whites was unconstitutional
The major consequence of the allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was
Delayed the D-day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into eastern europe
Richard nixons checkers speech , during the 1952 presidential campaign
Demonstrated the new power of television and kept him on the republican ticket
Jonas salk
Developed the first effective injectable polio vaccine
A widespread public attitude of the early 1990s that affected many areas of politics and society was
Disillusionment and distrust of the federal government
Ronald reagans essential domestic goal as president was to
Dismantle the welfare state and shrink the size of the federal government
The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach Johnson was his
Dismissal of secretary of war Stanton contrary to the tenure of office act
President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as
Dynamic conservatism
William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party primarily because he
Eloquently supported the farmers demand for the unlimited coinage of silver
The long economic boom from world war 2 to about 1970 was especially fueled by low ________ cost
Energy
The top secret pentagon papers , leaked and published in 1971
Exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam war
True or false At the turn of the century, American involvement in the affairs of Latin America nations stemmed from the need to defend these nations against a reassertion of Spanish power
False
True or false To justify American invention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain, the United Secretary of State Richard onley invoked the open door policy
False
Women's participation in the war effort contributed greatly to the fact that they
Finally received the right to vote
significance of the 1940 presidential election
First time a president ran for a third term
The branch davidians were an
Fundamentalist sect assaulted by the federal government
The Pullman strike created the first instance of
Government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike
The morrill act of 1862
Granted public lands to states to support higher education
The Supreme Courts Miranda and Escobedo decisions came under sharp attack from many conservatives because they
Guaranteed the rights of criminal suspects against mistreatment by the police
By 1938, the new deal
Had lost most of its momentum
When the United States captured the Philippines from spain
Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a key territory in the pacific
Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the confess by claiming that
He had executive privilege (confidentiality)
The gospel of wealth endorsed by Andrew Carnegie
Held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God given money
The factor that may have tipped the electoral scales for John f Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was
His televised debates with Richard Nixon
Why did hitler sign the nazi-Soviet pact?
Hitler did not want a two front war and Germany was now ready for war
Despite his failure win the white house, president jimmy carter earned widespread admiration in his post presidential years for his
Humanitarian and human rights activities
In the 1980s, for the first time in the twentieth century
Income gaps widened between the richest and the poorest Americans
In invading Maryland, one of lees key objectives was to
Inspire the border states to rise up and join the confederacy
______ was the first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations
Interstate commerce commision
The Ku Klux Klan, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of
Intimidating blacks and undermining them politically
The federal reserve act gave the federal reserve board the authority to
Issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates
Significance of the defeat of the court packing plan
It was FDR's first major political mistake. First major legislative defeat by FDR's own party (democrats)
Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges because
It was finally recognized that the charges were dubious and political
As a result of the battle of Leyte gulf,
Japan was finished as a naval power
______ can rightly be called the " father of progressive education"
John Dewey
The establishment of the world parliament , known as the ____________, was president Wilsons ultimate goal at Paris peace conference
League of Nations
What was the purpose of D-day
Liberate France from nazis
The militant African American leader who most directly challenged Martin Luther King jr's goal of peaceful integration was
Malcolm X
American and world public opinion turned strongly in favor of the civil rights movement when
Martin Luther kings peaceful demonstrators were viciously attacked in Birmingham
According to the progressives, the cure for all of American democracy ills was _______
More democracy
In harap contrast to world war 1, during world war 2, the United States was
Nearly unanimous in support of the war
Woodrow Wilsons platform of stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform,and tariff reductions in the 1912 presidential election was known as _________
New freedom
_________ was teddy Roosevelt's platform that supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of the business in the 1912 presidential election
New nationalism
What was the purpose of Sherman's March to the sea?
Northerns purpose was to destroy all supplies of the confederacy and weaken confederate soldiers morale by fighting on their home territory
Outsourcing
Obtain goods or a service from an outside supplier especially in a place of an internal source
President hoovers approach to the Great Depression was to
Offer federal assistance to businesses and banks but not individuals
The 1928 Kellogg-briand pact
Officially outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry and conflict
Among anti communists , senator Joseph R McCarthy was the
One who most damaged free speech and fair play
When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948, president Truman responded by
Organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin
The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942, in their attempt to control much of the pacific when they
Overextended the,sleeves instead of digging in and consolidating their gains
Studies show that illegal immigrants
Pay more dollars in federal taxes than they claim in benefits but do often burden local government services
The two articles of impeachment passed by the House of Representatives against president Clinton charged him with
Perjury and obstruction of justice
During the 1952 presidential campaign, republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared he would ________ to help end the Korean war
Personally go to korea
What was the bank holiday?
Plan to close down bankrupt banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive
Agreements between railroad competitors to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called
Pools
One sign of the stress that the widespread post world war 2 geographic mobility placed on American families was the
Popularity of advice books on child rearing
The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when
President carters attempted mission to rescue the hostages ended in disaster
American military forces entered Vietnam in order to
Prevent Ngo Dihn Diems regime from falling on the communists
American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by
Printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal
Henry fords most distinctive contribution to the automobile industry was
Production of a standardized, relatively in expensive automobile
Title IX was passed by congress in 1972 to
Prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity
Gilded age elections often produced fierce local contests over culturally and religiously charged issues like ________ and ________.
Prohibition and education
What was the purpose of the freedmans bureau?
Provide food, clothing, medical care, and education for freedmen
Americas 1920's major foreign policy problem was addressed by the Dawes plan, which
Provided a solution to the tangle of the war debt and war reparations payments
At the beginning of the civil war, president Abraham Lincoln favored
Quick military action as long as possible
The credit mobilier scandal involved kickbacks in the construction of __________
Railroads
In the case wabash, St. Louis, and pacific railroad company v Illinois, the u.s Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because
Railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state
The growth of organized labor in the post world war 2 era was slowed by all of the following except
Reduced number of women in the work force
The strongest criticisms leveled against the TVA was that it
Represented the first stage of creeping socialism
Efforts to bring large numbers of Jewish refugees from nazi Germany's to the United States were largely blocked by
Restrictive immigration laws and opposition from southern democrats and the state department
Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by
Retreating further into isolationism
The attempt to nominate an antiparticle democratic candidate for president in 1968 suffered a crippling blow when
Robert Kennedy was assassinated after winning the California primary
The United States joined its allies in the Persian gulf war in order to
Roll back Iraqs invasion of Kuwait
As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession
Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics
What was the new deal?
Roosevelts program to end the depression
The Iran contra affair essentially involved
Selling arms to Iran in exchange for hostages and using the profits to illegally fund the Nicaraguan contras
_______ but ________ facilities were constitutional was the Supreme Court ruling in the 1896 case of plessy v Ferguson
Separate but equal
One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the gilded age was
Share tonic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties
Stem cell research
Showed promising signs of offering cures for Parkinson's disease ,Aids and many more
The Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-smoot tariff laws had the long -term effect of
Shrinking international trade and making it impossible for Europe to repay American war loans
The money used to provide social security payments to retirees comes from
Social security taxes paid by current workers
On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans
Still wanted to keep the United States out of war
What was the us supreme court ruling in korematsu v United States and what was the reason for this ruling
Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Japanese relocation into camps ; they were in war
The Pendleton act required people applying for many federal government jobs to
Take a competitive examination
In the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" we're reminding voters
That the Republican Party had fought and won the civil war
On the question on whether American laws applied to overseas territory acquired in the Spanish-American war, the Supreme Court rules in the insular cases that
The American constitution and laws did not apply to u.s colonies
The razor thin 2000 presidential election was finally settled by
The Supreme Courts ruling ending a recount of floridas votes
The net effect of most of Franklin roosevelts early foreign policy moves was that
The United States was giving up ambitions to be a world power and concentrating on the Western Hemisphere
The dangerous proviso that Germany attached to its Sussex pledge was the requirement that
The United States would have to persuade allies to end their blockade of Germany or submarine warfare would be resumed
The bay of pigs invasion failed when
The anti Castro exiles were defeated by the Cuban military
To many northerners, the black codes seemed to indicate that
The arrogant south was acting as if the north had not really won the war
The USA patriot act provided for, among other things
The detention and deportation of immigrants suspected of terrorism
One of the most dramatic changes in women's economic condition by the early twenty first century was
The employment of mothers
The most influential classical film of the 1910s , D.W. Griffiths' birth of a nation, stirred extensive protest by African Americans because
The film glorified the Ku Klux Klan and portrayed blacks as corrupt politicians or rapists
Anti-imperialists presented all of the following against acquiring the Philippines except that
The islands were still rightfully Spain's since they were taken after the armistice had been signed
The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by
The publics fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchist revolutionaries
The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post civil war years was
The railroad network
Russia's withdrawal from world war 1 in 1918 resulted in
The release of hundreds of thousands of German troops for deployment on the front in France
The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on
The two sets of election returns submitted Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana
Believers in the doctrine of survival of the fittest, like Herbert spencer and William graham sumner, believed that
The wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor
Americans European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the United States made them during world war 1 becasue
They had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt
One highly unusual in the 2000 presidential campaign between al gore and George w bush was how
To spend the huge federal budget surpluses
True or false During world war 1, civil liberties in America were severely damaged by the pressures for loyalty and conformity
True
True or false Franklin roosevelts new deal was most notable for providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism
True
True or false President Truman risked american access to Middle Eastern oil supplies when he recognized the new Jewish state of Israel
True
True or false The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a calamity for the south
True
True or false The fundamental idea of president Truman and George Kennans containment doctrine was that Soviet expansion should be blocked by firm but not aggressive military and diplomatic strength
True
True or false The immediate outcome of the 1925 scopes trial ("monkey trial") was that biology teacher John scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined
True
True or false The passage of the servicemen readjustment act was partly motivated by fear that the labor markets could not absorb millions of discharged veterans
True
The Paris summit conference, scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the
U-2 incident
The battle of Gettysburg was significant because
Union victory meant that the southern cause was doomed
Passage of the federal meat inspection act was inspired by the publication of
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
Richard nixons policy of détente
Ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers , China and the Soviet Union
The Supreme Court case of roe v wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion we're unconstitutional because tehy
Violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person
Senate opponents of the League of Nations ,as proposed in the treaty of Versailles argued that it "robbed" congress of its _______ power
War-declaring
the progressive inspired city manger system of government
Was designed to remove politics from municipal administration
Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they
We're, by nature, highly independent and individualistic
During the past two decades, the gap between the rich and the poor in the United States
Widened considerably
For the congressional republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the southern states' quick restoration to the union was that
With the black population fully counted, the south would be stronger than ever in national politics
In the Adkins case, the Supreme Court ruled that
Women were no longer entitled to special protection in the workplace because they now had the vote