Semester 2 history final review

The ______ to the constitution permitted congress to enact a personal income tax

16th amendment

The _______ amendment _______ the voting age to ________

26;lowered; 18

A. Point four B. NATO C. Truman doctrine D. Marshall plan

3. Aid underdeveloped nations of Latin America, Asia,and Africa 4. Resist soviet military threat 1. Assist communist threatened Greece and turkey 2. Promote economic recovery in Europe

Construction of an isthmian canal across Central America was motivated mainly by

A desire to improve defense by allowing rapid naval movements between two oceans

The supreme courts ruling prohibiting further recounting of floridas votes and awarding the 2000 election to George w bush was based on

A finding that floridas inconsistent standards for evaluating ballots violated the equal protection clause of the constitution

When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, president Kennedy ordered

A naval quarantine of cuba

As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was

A pioneer of strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale

The 1968 Democratic Party convention witnessed

A violent conflict between police and anti war demonstrators outside the convention hall

Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelly

Actively lobbied for social reforms like anti sweatshop laws and child labor laws

What was FDR reelected in 1944

Allies were winning the war

population distribution after world war 2 followed a pattern of

An urban suburban segregation of blacks and whites in major metropolitan areas

President Wilson broke diplomatic relations any when

Any announced that it would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the atlantic

Japanese Americans were placed in concentration camps during world war 2

As a result of anti Japanese prejudice and fear

General Ulysses S. Grant basic strategy in the civil war involved

Assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly

When FDR became president in March 1933, the most immediate emergency facing him was the near collapse of the entire _______ system

Banking

The United States governments outlawing of the Indian sun (ghost) dance in 1980 resulted in the

Battle of wounded knee

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system

Because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens

Franklin Roosevelt was motivated to run for a third term in 1940 mainly by his

Belief that america needed his experienced leadership during the international crisis

A ________ was an emigrant who came to America to work for a short time and then returned to europe

Bird if passage

John f Kennedys strategy of flexible response

Called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of the crisis

In the 1992 national elections, democratic candidate Bill clinton

Campaigned as a New Democrat who proposed to move away from his party's traditional liberalism

Ronald Reagan was similar to Franklin D Roosevelt in that both men

Championed the common man against vast, impersonal menaces

The Taft-Hartley act delivered a major blow to labor by outlawing _______ shops

Closed(all Union)

For the Soviet unions new policies of glasnost and perestroika to work , it was essential that the

Cold War end

The fundamental strategic decision of world war 2 made by president Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning of the war was to

Concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the pacific war against the back burner

The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because

Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping their hands off the issue

What was the supreme court ruling in schechter(sick chicken) v United States and because if its decision, what agency was declared unconstitutional?

Congress couldn't delegate legislative powers to executive branch ;NRA

The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by

Creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accommodationists who supported it

In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v Board of education of Topeka, the supreme court

Declared that the concept of separate but equal facilities for black and whites was unconstitutional

The major consequence of the allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was

Delayed the D-day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into eastern europe

Richard nixons checkers speech , during the 1952 presidential campaign

Demonstrated the new power of television and kept him on the republican ticket

Jonas salk

Developed the first effective injectable polio vaccine

A widespread public attitude of the early 1990s that affected many areas of politics and society was

Disillusionment and distrust of the federal government

Ronald reagans essential domestic goal as president was to

Dismantle the welfare state and shrink the size of the federal government

The official charge that the House of Representatives used to impeach Johnson was his

Dismissal of secretary of war Stanton contrary to the tenure of office act

President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as

Dynamic conservatism

William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party primarily because he

Eloquently supported the farmers demand for the unlimited coinage of silver

The long economic boom from world war 2 to about 1970 was especially fueled by low ________ cost

Energy

The top secret pentagon papers , leaked and published in 1971

Exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam war

True or false At the turn of the century, American involvement in the affairs of Latin America nations stemmed from the need to defend these nations against a reassertion of Spanish power

False

True or false To justify American invention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain, the United Secretary of State Richard onley invoked the open door policy

False

Women's participation in the war effort contributed greatly to the fact that they

Finally received the right to vote

significance of the 1940 presidential election

First time a president ran for a third term

The branch davidians were an

Fundamentalist sect assaulted by the federal government

The Pullman strike created the first instance of

Government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike

The morrill act of 1862

Granted public lands to states to support higher education

The Supreme Courts Miranda and Escobedo decisions came under sharp attack from many conservatives because they

Guaranteed the rights of criminal suspects against mistreatment by the police

By 1938, the new deal

Had lost most of its momentum

When the United States captured the Philippines from spain

Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a key territory in the pacific

Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the confess by claiming that

He had executive privilege (confidentiality)

The gospel of wealth endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

Held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God given money

The factor that may have tipped the electoral scales for John f Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was

His televised debates with Richard Nixon

Why did hitler sign the nazi-Soviet pact?

Hitler did not want a two front war and Germany was now ready for war

Despite his failure win the white house, president jimmy carter earned widespread admiration in his post presidential years for his

Humanitarian and human rights activities

In the 1980s, for the first time in the twentieth century

Income gaps widened between the richest and the poorest Americans

In invading Maryland, one of lees key objectives was to

Inspire the border states to rise up and join the confederacy

______ was the first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations

Interstate commerce commision

The Ku Klux Klan, the secret organization largely achieved its central goal of

Intimidating blacks and undermining them politically

The federal reserve act gave the federal reserve board the authority to

Issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates

Significance of the defeat of the court packing plan

It was FDR's first major political mistake. First major legislative defeat by FDR's own party (democrats)

Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges because

It was finally recognized that the charges were dubious and political

As a result of the battle of Leyte gulf,

Japan was finished as a naval power

______ can rightly be called the " father of progressive education"

John Dewey

The establishment of the world parliament , known as the ____________, was president Wilsons ultimate goal at Paris peace conference

League of Nations

What was the purpose of D-day

Liberate France from nazis

The militant African American leader who most directly challenged Martin Luther King jr's goal of peaceful integration was

Malcolm X

American and world public opinion turned strongly in favor of the civil rights movement when

Martin Luther kings peaceful demonstrators were viciously attacked in Birmingham

According to the progressives, the cure for all of American democracy ills was _______

More democracy

In harap contrast to world war 1, during world war 2, the United States was

Nearly unanimous in support of the war

Woodrow Wilsons platform of stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform,and tariff reductions in the 1912 presidential election was known as _________

New freedom

_________ was teddy Roosevelt's platform that supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of the business in the 1912 presidential election

New nationalism

What was the purpose of Sherman's March to the sea?

Northerns purpose was to destroy all supplies of the confederacy and weaken confederate soldiers morale by fighting on their home territory

Outsourcing

Obtain goods or a service from an outside supplier especially in a place of an internal source

President hoovers approach to the Great Depression was to

Offer federal assistance to businesses and banks but not individuals

The 1928 Kellogg-briand pact

Officially outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry and conflict

Among anti communists , senator Joseph R McCarthy was the

One who most damaged free speech and fair play

When the Soviet Union denied the United States, Britain, and France access to Berlin in 1948, president Truman responded by

Organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to Berlin

The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942, in their attempt to control much of the pacific when they

Overextended the,sleeves instead of digging in and consolidating their gains

Studies show that illegal immigrants

Pay more dollars in federal taxes than they claim in benefits but do often burden local government services

The two articles of impeachment passed by the House of Representatives against president Clinton charged him with

Perjury and obstruction of justice

During the 1952 presidential campaign, republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared he would ________ to help end the Korean war

Personally go to korea

What was the bank holiday?

Plan to close down bankrupt banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive

Agreements between railroad competitors to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

Pools

One sign of the stress that the widespread post world war 2 geographic mobility placed on American families was the

Popularity of advice books on child rearing

The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when

President carters attempted mission to rescue the hostages ended in disaster

American military forces entered Vietnam in order to

Prevent Ngo Dihn Diems regime from falling on the communists

American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by

Printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal

Henry fords most distinctive contribution to the automobile industry was

Production of a standardized, relatively in expensive automobile

Title IX was passed by congress in 1972 to

Prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity

Gilded age elections often produced fierce local contests over culturally and religiously charged issues like ________ and ________.

Prohibition and education

What was the purpose of the freedmans bureau?

Provide food, clothing, medical care, and education for freedmen

Americas 1920's major foreign policy problem was addressed by the Dawes plan, which

Provided a solution to the tangle of the war debt and war reparations payments

At the beginning of the civil war, president Abraham Lincoln favored

Quick military action as long as possible

The credit mobilier scandal involved kickbacks in the construction of __________

Railroads

In the case wabash, St. Louis, and pacific railroad company v Illinois, the u.s Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because

Railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state

The growth of organized labor in the post world war 2 era was slowed by all of the following except

Reduced number of women in the work force

The strongest criticisms leveled against the TVA was that it

Represented the first stage of creeping socialism

Efforts to bring large numbers of Jewish refugees from nazi Germany's to the United States were largely blocked by

Restrictive immigration laws and opposition from southern democrats and the state department

Throughout most of the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by

Retreating further into isolationism

The attempt to nominate an antiparticle democratic candidate for president in 1968 suffered a crippling blow when

Robert Kennedy was assassinated after winning the California primary

The United States joined its allies in the Persian gulf war in order to

Roll back Iraqs invasion of Kuwait

As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession

Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics

What was the new deal?

Roosevelts program to end the depression

The Iran contra affair essentially involved

Selling arms to Iran in exchange for hostages and using the profits to illegally fund the Nicaraguan contras

_______ but ________ facilities were constitutional was the Supreme Court ruling in the 1896 case of plessy v Ferguson

Separate but equal

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the gilded age was

Share tonic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

Stem cell research

Showed promising signs of offering cures for Parkinson's disease ,Aids and many more

The Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-smoot tariff laws had the long -term effect of

Shrinking international trade and making it impossible for Europe to repay American war loans

The money used to provide social security payments to retirees comes from

Social security taxes paid by current workers

On the eve of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, a large majority of Americans

Still wanted to keep the United States out of war

What was the us supreme court ruling in korematsu v United States and what was the reason for this ruling

Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Japanese relocation into camps ; they were in war

The Pendleton act required people applying for many federal government jobs to

Take a competitive examination

In the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" we're reminding voters

That the Republican Party had fought and won the civil war

On the question on whether American laws applied to overseas territory acquired in the Spanish-American war, the Supreme Court rules in the insular cases that

The American constitution and laws did not apply to u.s colonies

The razor thin 2000 presidential election was finally settled by

The Supreme Courts ruling ending a recount of floridas votes

The net effect of most of Franklin roosevelts early foreign policy moves was that

The United States was giving up ambitions to be a world power and concentrating on the Western Hemisphere

The dangerous proviso that Germany attached to its Sussex pledge was the requirement that

The United States would have to persuade allies to end their blockade of Germany or submarine warfare would be resumed

The bay of pigs invasion failed when

The anti Castro exiles were defeated by the Cuban military

To many northerners, the black codes seemed to indicate that

The arrogant south was acting as if the north had not really won the war

The USA patriot act provided for, among other things

The detention and deportation of immigrants suspected of terrorism

One of the most dramatic changes in women's economic condition by the early twenty first century was

The employment of mothers

The most influential classical film of the 1910s , D.W. Griffiths' birth of a nation, stirred extensive protest by African Americans because

The film glorified the Ku Klux Klan and portrayed blacks as corrupt politicians or rapists

Anti-imperialists presented all of the following against acquiring the Philippines except that

The islands were still rightfully Spain's since they were taken after the armistice had been signed

The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by

The publics fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchist revolutionaries

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post civil war years was

The railroad network

Russia's withdrawal from world war 1 in 1918 resulted in

The release of hundreds of thousands of German troops for deployment on the front in France

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on

The two sets of election returns submitted Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana

Believers in the doctrine of survival of the fittest, like Herbert spencer and William graham sumner, believed that

The wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor

Americans European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the United States made them during world war 1 becasue

They had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt

One highly unusual in the 2000 presidential campaign between al gore and George w bush was how

To spend the huge federal budget surpluses

True or false During world war 1, civil liberties in America were severely damaged by the pressures for loyalty and conformity

True

True or false Franklin roosevelts new deal was most notable for providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism

True

True or false President Truman risked american access to Middle Eastern oil supplies when he recognized the new Jewish state of Israel

True

True or false The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a calamity for the south

True

True or false The fundamental idea of president Truman and George Kennans containment doctrine was that Soviet expansion should be blocked by firm but not aggressive military and diplomatic strength

True

True or false The immediate outcome of the 1925 scopes trial ("monkey trial") was that biology teacher John scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined

True

True or false The passage of the servicemen readjustment act was partly motivated by fear that the labor markets could not absorb millions of discharged veterans

True

The Paris summit conference, scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the

U-2 incident

The battle of Gettysburg was significant because

Union victory meant that the southern cause was doomed

Passage of the federal meat inspection act was inspired by the publication of

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

Richard nixons policy of détente

Ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers , China and the Soviet Union

The Supreme Court case of roe v wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion we're unconstitutional because tehy

Violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person

Senate opponents of the League of Nations ,as proposed in the treaty of Versailles argued that it "robbed" congress of its _______ power

War-declaring

the progressive inspired city manger system of government

Was designed to remove politics from municipal administration

Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they

We're, by nature, highly independent and individualistic

During the past two decades, the gap between the rich and the poor in the United States

Widened considerably

For the congressional republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the southern states' quick restoration to the union was that

With the black population fully counted, the south would be stronger than ever in national politics

In the Adkins case, the Supreme Court ruled that

Women were no longer entitled to special protection in the workplace because they now had the vote