shock advanced organizer

respiratory

possible causes are airway obstruction, pneumothorax or hemothorax

cardiogenic

possible causes are injury to the heart or previous heart attack

metabolic

possible causes are insulin shock, diabetic coma, vomiting or diarrhea

hypovelmic

possible causes include hemorrhage, dehydration, and multiple trauma

psychogenic

refers to a temporary dilation of blood vessels resulting in draining of blood from the head with pooling of abdomen

the most important factor for determining the effectiveness of evaporative heat loss is

relative humidity

signs of shock include

shallow, irregular breathing, rapid and weak pulse, extreme thirst

a colorless gas produced from burning coal or petroleum products that can be a potent bronchoconstrictor in asthmatics is

sulfur dioxide

identify five strategies for reducing the risk of dehydration during physical activity participation

1) drink cool fluids 2) avoid caffeine and alcohol 3) replenish lost fluid with at least 24oz of fluid for every lb. of body weight lost 4) use individual water bottles to monitor consumption 5) have unlimited fluid available during exercise

impairments in performance are noted when an athlete loses

2-3% of body weight

during a storm, all outdoor activities should end if the flash-to-bang time is within

30 seconds

absorption of heat through the feet by standing on a hot artificial turf is an example of heat exchange termed

conduction

management for hypothermia includes

consuming salt tablets

the ___ as one ascends above sea level, making it more difficult to perform aerobic activity

density of air decreases

septic

derives from severe, usually bacterial, infection

identify the signs and symptoms of shock

disorientation, nausea/ vomiting, profuse sweating, extreme thirst, dizziness, rapid/ weak pulse, chalk like skin, cold moist skin

as air temperature approaches body temperature and exceeds 30.6 degrees C, ___ becomes the major means of heat dissipation

evaporation

frostbite occurs when the core temperature remains relatively constant but the shell temperature increases

false

milaria rubra usually occurs in areas like the axilla and groin

false - areas exposed to sun

the most serious condition associated with lightning strike is cardiac asystole

false - cardiac standstill

fatigue, dizziness, confusion, rapid and shallow respirations, and rapid, weak pulse are signs of

heat exhaustion

an athlete is not sweating, appears red or flushed, has hot, dry skin. what condition might the athlete be experiencing?

heat stroke

diets __ and __ in salt can lessen the effects of altitude

high in carbs, low

the __ maintains homeostasis within the body

hypothalamus

shock that occurs from excessive blood or fluid loss leading to inadequate circulation and oxygen supply to all organs is termed

hypovolemic

a wet-bulb-globe temperature of 65-73 indicates a __ risk level for physical activity participation

moderate

neurogenic

occurs when peripheral blood vessels dilate causing insufficient blood volume

the primary objective of fluid replacement when exercising in hot weather is

to maintain plasma volume

acclimatization is the single most important factor in preventing the onset of heat illness and altitude sickness

true

although an individual may continually drink water throughout an exercise bout, less than 50% of fluid lost will be replenished

true

altitude mountain sickness is a disorder related to hypoxia

true

carbon monoxide interferes with the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cellular level

true

lack of acclimatization, use of diuretics, and sodium depletion in the normal diet can lead to heat cramps

true

the severity of shock can vary depending on the age of the individual

true

when the ozone level is moderate, individuals with respiratory conditions should stay indoors

true

women begin to sweat at higher skin and core temperatures and produce less sweat than men at comparable heat-exercise loads; however, they show a heat tolerance equivalent to that of men

true

raynaud's syndrome is most common in

young females

in assessing urine to determine an individual's hydration status, which of the following would suggest inadequate hydration?

dark-yellow urine of small volume and strong odor

liquids at room temperature will empty from the stomach and small intestines significantly faster than cold liquids

false - cold liquids empty faster

in superficial frostbite, the skin feels hard

false - in 2nd and 3rd degree

shivering during hypothermia usually starts when core temperature drops below 90 degrees

false - shivering ceases at 90 degrees