SHRM-CP - Ellen

pie chart

100% total - to present high level impression of data as percentage of whol - precedes a deeper dive

John Kotter Leading Change

"How" change mgmt process with 8 contributors to success urgency guiding team clear vision overcommuncate empower action short term success sustain progress and build on achievements intritutionalize

3 Keys to Protecting Rights of EEs

- Creating a safe working env - take all reasonable steps to protect employees, or employee wellness, and extends to communities where org ops - Maintain fair work env - fair policies, access to development, comp systems are compliant - Protect ee private - individuals righ tto freedom from intrusion into personal - personal vs public is complicated

Protect, Enhance, Add (Value)

- Protect via managing labor supply to support optimal productivity - Enhance through its leader and perf dev processes - Add when it acquires strategically important new areas of talent

Porter's Five Forces Model

A model for analyzing the competitive forces within the environment in which a company operates, to assess the potential for profitability in an industry.

How does a broadbanding approach support an egalitarian organization?

By encouraging de-layering efforts Surveys indicate that broadbanding reduces the number of job grades within an organization. This approach can be used to support de-layering efforts, which reduce the number of reporting levels within an organization. REDCUCE LEVELS IN ORG

Income Statement

Compares revennues, expenses and profits over specified time - year or quarter - aka the profit and lost statement or P&L - indicates NET INCOME, aka the bottom line and contains info about org performance net income = revennues - expenses over time, so can show trends in growth or decline

Which situation that leads to workplace violence can be controlled by an organization?

Conditions causing employee frustration and anger can lead to violence. Examples include pressure for productivity, rigid management style, and layoffs.

Content validity:

Degree to which a test measures knowledge, skills, and abilities that are part of the job. Least sophisticated type of validity to assess. Used primarily to evaluate job knowledge and skill Not appropriate for evaluating the ability to learn new skills

Framing in Comms

Gettnig audience to to see communicated facts in a certain way to they can takea certain action - REframing is changin gthe way they see or feel the point of comms is to initiate or support action - if outcome does not advance the objective, the comm has failed evaluate comms as soon as completed if implementing new tool... have managers explain since employees trust their managers...

Which employee is considered a globalist?

Globalists spend their entire careers in international assignments, moving from one locale to another.

Ethics - Justice approach

Is action preferential or discriminatory

Median

Middle wavlue in range of values - preferred measure of central tendency when the dataset is skewed - when theres execessively high or low values

Focus Group Tool: Mind mapping and affinity diagramming

Mind mapping start w core ideas - then gruop adds related ideas and logical connections, then group similar idea Affinity diagramming is a way of sorting large amount of data already collected - group categorizes until relationships are clear

Which function probably has the greatest impact on future revenue?

Research and development is responsible for new product design and development, and sales of those products/services will create future revenue. Therefore, robust R&D is required for organizational growth and competitiveness.

HR is considering whether to recommend termination of an employee after investigating and confirming numerous complaints from other employees about unlawful behavior. Which additional steps should the HR manager consider before making the termination recommendation?

Reviewing the history of similar discipline situations The action could be discriminatory if the response is inconsistent with previous similar situations.

Which practice should have the best potential to decrease talent acquisition costs and increase an organization's ability to compete for skilled employees?

Staying current with labor market and economic trends can help an organization stay ahead of increasing talent demand trends and even provide an early warning that talent pressure is expected to increase or decrease. It is always better for an organization to enact retention strategies early rather than in reaction to increasing turnover.

Focus Group Tool: Delphi technique

progressively collects info from group on preselected issue - first respondent proposes info, next add something, so on until list - responsents are anonymous - then ask everyone to provide feedback on everything and comment SWOTs - avoids group think where you might be influenced

Duty of Care

reflects an employer's responsibility to take all steps reasonably possible to support employee health and safety and prevent harm, whether the employee is in the workplace or on a remote assignment. This may involve but is not restricted to providing access to health care and complying with regulatory requirements. How does duty of care translate to an organization's responsibilities

What must be updated in order to guarantee that a job description is a true illustration of the work being performed at any given point in time?

duties and responsibilities guarantee that the job description is a true illustration of the work being performed. The other answer choices may also need to be updated, but they do not guarantee that the job description accurately describes the work being performed.

Shifting from resistance

empathy, comms, support

4 Obstacles to understandning multicultural orgs

ethnocentrism and parochialism -ethno=our way is the best way and were not really interested in other ways, paro=there is only one way - ethno can be change but para is too rigid cultural stereotypes cultural determinism = "the culture made me do it" cultural relativism = "there are no absolutes" everything varies based on teh situation however HR can refer to a reasonable set of absolutes based on honestly, decency and personal intergrity that should pertain across cultures

debt to asset ration / leverage ration

exposure to risk from debt that org assumes - if greater than 1, org has more DEBT total liabilities/total assets

jurisdiction

right of a legal bod to exert authority over a region, subject, indidivual

risk mitigation strategy

seeks to reduce the negative impact of an event. A communication system cannot prevent crises, but it can decrease stress and reduce assignees' exposure to threats.

frequency distributions

sort data into groups accordding to some factor like years of service help locate peaks wtihin data range

Validity

The ability of an instrument to measure what it is intended to measure - answers 2 qs: What does the instrument measure? How well does it measure? Measures what is relevant to original intent Validity is damanged by using irrelevant criteria to develop measures The most important aspect of a selection test measuring job-related skills

How has the cloud repositioned HR software?

The cloud repositions software as a service to be consumed. Software is migrating away from being sold or licensed as a complete singular product and moving toward a subscription service.

What are the common processes folded into shared service centers to make business functions more efficient?

The common processes folded into shared service centers include payroll, procurement, accounts payable/receivable, travel expenses, health benefits enrollment, and pension administration.

Macroenvironement

all factors outside org that could influence strategy - competitive industry/market conditions, events and trends in society that affect talent, compliance, ee needs - need to be aware of the world around you

Yield Ratio

focuses on employee engagement initiatives.

role of HR/Global - Strategic Perspective/Tacticle perspective

strategy - balance HQ and subsids priorities tacticle - programs to delvier measurable success that work across different cultures

ERP

suites of integrated apps, like HRIS, some ERPS extend outside the org supporting electronic data interchange EDI - EDI is used to automate outsourcing and vendor payments

forum or jurisdiction shopping

taking compaints to more sympathtic place

Force-field analysis

analyze the forces favoiring and opposing change - weights factors that could influence outcome in neg or positive way - uses factors to score opps. Agree to pursue those favorable to CHANGE, avoid resistance

Focus strategies

apply cost leadership or differentiation within narrow industry segments or niches.

Formula-based budgeting

varying units given varying budget, general funding is changed by specific amount - like spreading a 5% decrease across units varying in percentage per each unit

Competitive postures

weak, tenable, favorable, strong or dominant

Liablities

what an org owes - rent, loans, wages, benefits, anythign set saide, accoutns payable (money an org owes vendors and suppliers), notes/debt

Civil Law

written codes approved by legislative codies, gov regulations - most pravelent form of law in the world

Which of the following actions is most likely to reduce job burnout?

giving ee control over their work Burnout occurs when work is no longer meaningful to a person. Giving employees more say about how the work is done reduces burnout and makes employees more committed and engaged in their work.

Group decision making tool: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)

group discussion critiacal to id all cost and benefit

standard deviation

the distance of any data point from the cetner of a distribution when data is distributed in a normal or expected pattern - aka bell curve hard to calcuate but use tools like a spreadsheet program

Weingarten Ruling

the employee may request the presence of a union representative in the interview. The employee does not have to be allowed his or her personal attorney or the ability to respond in writing to questions or to review video evidence prior to an interview. The Weingarten case gave union workers the right to request the presence of a union representative at an investigatory meeting (a meeting whose purpose is to gather facts). Friends, relatives, or an attorney may not be present. These rights apply only to an investigatory interview, not to meetings that impose disciplinary action.

Mode

the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

balanced scorecard

to identify their key performance indicators (KPIs) and to make sure that the objectives used to measure performance are strategically aligned to the various sources of value to the organization and are balanced. KPIs in the original balanced scorecard (developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton) are identified under four key areas: Finance Customers Internal business processes Learning and growth

scenario / what if analysis

to test the possible effects of altering the detials of a situation to see how the outcomes will vary under different conditions - what conditions have the most profound effects? monte carlo analyses - use computing capabilities to change scenario variables randomly and thereby generate up to thousands of possible outcomes

"Make Change Possible" via MicKinsey & Co: Skills required for change

training

common law

based on legal precedent - can change gradually, not binding - At-will employment is a uniquely american doctrine drived from US Common law - created by judges, not legislators

scheine - 3 layers of cultuer

basic assumptions (implicit culture) norms and values Artifacts and products (explicit culture) comms depend on negotiating an outster shell of artifacts so that one can appreciate inner core and norms and eventuall reach an understanding of beliefs that shape cultures feelings - explicit culture does not convey complete unterstanding

Organizational values

beliefs that are important to an organization and often dictate employee behavior Robert Grant, in Contemporary Strategy Analysis, defines values as principles to guide decisions and actions. Using group creativity and decision-making techniques, the employees reach consensus on core values. This method is effective when the organization's culture is well aligned to its aspirational values. If there is a gap between the organization's present values and those that will sustain its mission, then the organization will have to set itself to the challenge of changing its culture.

Connectors in networld via Malcom Gladwell

highly valuable people that seem to know everyone - can increase your size of network quickly

trend diagram

horizontal = time, vertical = volume

Simulation

hypothetical A simulation or situational case study is tailored to reflect typical problems that might be encountered. Trained assessors can evaluate how well the candidate performs.

Variance Analysis

identifies the degree of dif between planned and actual

conflict of laws

if laws in different jurisdictions onclfict

cash flow statement

illustrates the effect of all org activties - both consume and produce value - on how much cash or equivalents org has ON HAND Data comes from income statement and balance sheet 3 areas: Operations Investing Financning

Ethics - common good approach

impact on whole group or society

organic change

independent cetners and multiple origins of change within org - points of origin at any level - radiates out unevenly but accelerates when top leadership supports local change and local leaders

noise

interference can occur at any point in the comms and can arise from physical, personal or social factors

due process

laws enforced only through acceppted procedues

Task conflict

can lead to better more efficient way of doing things - sometimes interpersonal conflcits are disguised as task conflicts - the real issues aren't being resolves

3 major types of systems of law

civial, common, religious ... but should almost alwasy seek legal counsel as HR professional

histogram

columns of varying heights - can show comparisons over time, to sort data and support rapid comparison of categories of data - shows central tendency and distribution

Financial Ratios

compares 2 values, resulting in useful measure that can be compared to benchmarks of financial performance but can overemphasize the importantce of short-term results

gross profit margin

compares gross profi with sales gross profi/net sales = gross profit margin ... looking for percent

ratio analysis

compares relative size of 2 variables and yields a percentage - i.e. net profit margin, turnover rate

hofstede, culture

culture affected by individuals peronality, via ingeritance and experience - and human nature, universal culture - "software of the mind" - menta programs that predispose us to patterns of thinking, feeling, acting

when standard deviation is high

data curve is flatter and longer and spread out - more outliers in teh ataset - measures significantly greater than the central value -less consistency and may want to investigate

When standard deviation is low

data curve is high and narrow, titghtly grouped around center value - suggests consistency

4 steps consulting model

define, design and implement, measure, sustain

climate

dif from culture - may result from the actinos of a few individuals or extrernal forces - can lead to mistakes if mistaken for culture

"Make Change Possible" via MicKinsey & Co: consistent role models

makes change real and possible - need to keep the message alive until org accepts in daily ops

Price to earnings (P/E) narket value ratio

market confidence in orgs ability to maintain or increase stock price per share/earnings per share

Global Value Chain

multiple orgs producing parts of a good or service - more integrated than a business model - participants share expertise - difficult but important

A bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) is a job criterion that employers can use to hire a foreign national. To use the BFOQ defense, what must employers prove? Answers

must prove that all, or substantially all, local employees cannot perform the key duties and responsibilities required by the job position.

rule of law

no individual is beyon gthe reach of the law

Balance sheet

one indicator of financial health - statement of the org financial position - assets, liabilities, and equity at a particular time

Onboarding

ongoing process of building engagement from the first contact with the goal of helping new hires adjust and become productive, contributing members of the organization. strategic process for integrating new ee into co and culture

3 levels of strategy

org (general vision), business unit (how and where org will focus), and operational (the way BU are translated into actional at the functional level through functional strategies) 3 levels must all be aligned

Focus Group Tool: Nominal Group Technique (NGT)

participants each suggest ideas - rounds continue until no ideas come forth -

Principles Negotiation Process (6 phases)

prep - BATNA - you best alternative to a negotiated agreement - know your alternatives is negot fails - BATNA for both sides relationship building info exchange - or perspective taking persuasion concessions agreement - legal or verbal

Earnings per share (EPS) profitability ratio

prfitability ratio used by equity holders as a standard expression of earnings net income/number of outstanding shares

4 Organizational Approaches to International Business

Ethnocentric: Headquarters maintains tight control over international operations Polycentric: Each international operation is treated as a distinct national entity Regio-centric: Operations are managed regionally Geocentric: Organization is viewed as a single international business rather than a collection of individual headquarters-country and international operations

Group decision making tool: SWOT analysis

Group can brainstorm strengths, weak, opp, and threat and agree on numerical value

Current Ratio (Liquidity Ratio)

Level of working capital - creditors prefer a higher current ration current assests / current liablities

Management by objectives method to measure goals and objectives

Management by objectives allows employees to set objectives for themselves and define what they intend to achieve within a specific time period. The objectives employees set are based on overall goals and objectives for the organization.

Which work relationships are most closely tied to creating and sustaining employee engagement? Answers

Manager-employee relationships

Measures of Central Tendency

Median, mode, and mean (average)

mantaining course (welcoming change)

Reco, delegate, support

The HR department is instructed to fill a critical management position as quickly as possible. Using multiple agencies will produce more candidates more quickly but will increase the cost by several times. Which critical input should HR seek before deciding how to proceed?

Risk tolerance of the organization HR needs to know how management rates the level of risk in not filling this position quickly: their risk tolerance. This will help HR decide whether the increased cost of using multiple search firms is appropriate.

OECD Gudelines (org for Eco Coop and Dev)

Voluntary adherence

root cause analysis

Starts with a result and works backward. Each cause is queried to identify a preceding cause - what led to it? - the 5 whys (via Toyota)

Logic tier of Info System

The logic tier contains the applications that use information in the data tier (databases, stored data) to perform operations (e.g., applicant tracking software, project management systems).

GRI Standards

Universally accepted = transparency to sustainability reporting Econmic, Environmental, and Social

Return on investment (ROI) / profitability ratio

above 1 is good gain from investment - cost of investment/cost of venstment

shifting out of neutral

selling benefits, opps for invovlement

Culture

set of beliefs, attitudes, values and eprsectives about how world works - invsible and handed down over genreations - INVISIBLE bu texerts stong influence

J curve

when change is implemented - typically decline in performance first, then return to normal, then if effective - it rises higher than before

ethics - virtue approach

will character development be affected by action?

Greenfield operation

A company builds a new location from the ground up. This represents a major task and a commitment to completely staff and equip the new location.

Skills mastered for Succesful Strategy

Alignment of effort Control of drift Focus on core competencies

Which identifies the primary purpose of employer branding?

Although there are many benefits associated with employer branding, the primary purpose is to communicate why the organization is an employer of choice.

What is an unfair labor practice?

An unfair labor practice is a violation of a country's labor laws. These laws may be rooted in international treaties on worker rights, but they are country-specific. They can pertain to both employers and employees. They are based in legal statutes, not cultural practices, although cultural practices often influence local laws.

Interquartile range

Applies to quartiles to measures of central tendency - inclues all data in Q2 and Q3 - 25% of values above midpoint and below midpoint used to indicate a range of confidence in an estimate - a P50 is considered safe, half the estimates will be above that value and half below

mean

Average score or value - unweighted or weighted

Bookending Constructive Feedback

Bookending constructive feedback between positive remarks does not improve acceptance - but allowing for ee to their own goals and incorporate opprtunity for ee does help

Which characterizes globalization?

CORRECT Global markets, economies, and technologies are increasingly interconnected.

When is knowledge management most productive?

CORRECT When it focuses on sharing organizational learning and reducing knowledge loss

Which is considered a flexible staffing strategy?

Employing seasonal workers is an example of a flexible staffing strategy.

HR Advocacy Groups, like SHRM - benefits?

Regular updates on current events, trends - advocate for issues before government, focus on issues that affect major employers, help shape developing polciies on issues like recreational weed or burden of education debt on ees

Improve Environmental Awareness

- Read business press regularly - i.e. The Economist for international - and following key social networking sites - Staying current with academic HR research - use relationships with local academics and visit websites of institutions known for HR research - Analyze org performance - Monitor other orgs, competitors or others in your community - Become regular user of third-party info from gov. agenecies, international bodies like World Bank and UN, nonprofits, and professional associations, like SHRM - Scan annual reports from comparable markest and workforces - can provide insight into the issues other orgs are wrestling with and the solutions they have already tried

Basic Framwork for ethical decision making

- Reccognize ethical situations are they arise - requires a sense o fright and wrong - Establish facts about situation - for best decision - Evaluate ethical dimesions of possible actions - balance interests and sacrifice your own interests - Apply relevant codes of ethics and behavior to options - Consult with others - ethical mentors inside and outside organization, get perspective - Make decision, own it and learn from mistakes -

Audience Analysis before Comms

- Who should receive? - What does audience know already? And how much do they need to know? - How will they react? Suprise or confusion? Resistance? No interest? - What persuasive approaches will work best with each group? Hard data? Personal stories?

3 components of business intelligence system

- data gathers - gathered in dif systems - data warehousing - stranslated and scrubbed data, then store for use, then integrate into Enterprise Resource Planning ERP system - so everyone in org can access same data - querty and reporting - to sort, describe and analyze data and create reports

Rousseau and Barends - EBDM become better how

- develop a questioning mind - dont accept the status quo - fluent in scientific literature for HR - scan resources, focused research projects to practice critical eval - gather data continually - about efficacy and efficiency of systems and stakeholder interests - evidence when comms with stakeholders - institutionalize competency in HR function - journal study groups in HR function - designate members to research and report on new or important articles

Consult - Design and Implement

- implement can be managed by traditional project management skills - depend on ability to motivate - communication key Explore decision fully Generate multiple options, define criteria and analyze each select the best and implement evaluate the decision when outcomes are clear

to acheive global mindset, 3 elements in place

- knowledge skills and udnerstandnign desire and motivation on the part of employee to change support from systems and management *study and understand your own culture and how it relates to others, study global business trends/forces, and promote global mindset in your org

Consult - Define the Problem

- use data to find gap and causes for hap - collect from everyone affected, stakeholder involvement - people support what they create realistic - sufficient specific evidence presented neutrally - select a few areas to attendtion - too many = paralysis

Characteristics of a Global Mindset via Rhinsesmith 7 ways, how they approach the world

-drive for bigger, broader picture - accept contradictions - except uncertainty and use conflict mgmt, not frustrated by having to localize practices - trust the process to solve problems - process rather than org structure to solve problems - value multicultural teamwork -view changes as opportunity - order out of chaos - open to new ideas and continual learning - inclusive, not exclusive

Diversity Council

A diversity council is a management-level task force established to define and promote an organization's diversity and inclusion initiatives.

The most effective evaluation of strategy focuses on leading indicators of performance rather than lagging indicators

A leading indicator is predictive in that action in this area can change future performance and help achieve success lagging indicator describes effects that have already occurred and cannot be changed.

What is a good example of an upside risk?

A team finishes its project two weeks ahead of the schedule. An upside risk is an opportunity that arises out of uncertainty about outcomes. Completion date is uncertain, but early project completion is an opportunity: an uncertainty that has a positive outcome.

What is the primary purpose of the analysis step of the ADDIE process?

ANALYSIS The analysis phase of the process focuses on identifying the organization's developmental needs. Data is collected to identify gaps between actual and desired performance.

Evidence based decision making steps (6)

ASK - translate problem into question that can be answer through info gather ACQUIRE - gather info from varied sources APPRAISE - is data relevant, valid, reliable accurate (like a home appraiser) AGGREGATE - combine and organize daya - prioritize APPLY - draw conclusions, dev solutions, win sponsor support and take action ASSESS - monitor and measure objectives and attainment

Business Intelligence

Ability to use info to gain deeper understanding of or and parts, to see how whole org is performing and to make sound decions grounded in facts

What is the first step in an HRIS implementation?

Assessing organizational needs Needs must be determined before selecting a project committee, soliciting vendors, or evaluating available systems. The organizational needs will drive what vendors are selected and what systems will be reviewed.

Which factor can limit the collective bargaining process?

Bargaining precedents-factors that led to previous agreements-can limit the collective bargaining process.

A large and growing health-care insurer is reluctant to increase staff size because of volatility in its market. The HR department, however, is so busy that staff finds it difficult to accomplish more than basic administrative tasks. Which task should HR consider for outsourcing?

Benefits management and administration Organizations generally outsource services that are not core activities or that require special expertise that may not exist in-house, such as benefits management.

HR Org/Product Life Cycle - Impact of Life Cycle on HR Strategy: No Growth

Characteristics: - revenue or workforce static or dcline - few opps for ee advancement compensation static Impact of HR Strategy: - maintating engaged workforce with fewer resources - dealing with increased turnover rate - delivering HR services with shrinking budget

Alder 3 aspects of cultural intelligence

Cognitive - thinking, learning, strategizing motivational - confidence, eprsistence, level of attraction - to genuinely enhoy differences rather than threaten by them behavioral - possible actions and responses to encounters, be flecible and adapt

Which policy ideally gives employees an opportunity to understand expectations and change their behaviors?

Constructive discipline gives employees an opportunity to understand expectations and change behavior. This demonstrates organizational support of performance improvement.

What HR task is typically associated with a multidomestic corporation?

Coordinating HR activities between the home and host countries A multidomestic corporation is similar to a portfolio of independent businesses. Headquarters is in the home country, but over time the divisions achieve more autonomy. At this stage, HR is involved in coordinating HR activities, with the goal of consistency while remaining flexible with local law and culture.

Criterion-related Validity:

Correlation of test results to job performance Concurrent Predictive

Codes of Conduct - rules-based part 2

Defines the ethical expectations - Ethical and documented guidelines (conflict of interest, bribery, etc.) - Examples of ethical/non behavior for employees to recognize - Rules of conduct required to comply with laws and regulations - could be function specific - Enforcement process, who and by who to report, penalization

Construct Validity:

Degree to which a selection device measures a theoretical construct or trait. Typical constructs are intelligence, mechanical comprehension, or personality traits (e.g: anxiety) E.g: Using a heart-rate monitor during a flight simulator to gauge anxiety during a flight, when evaluating potential pilots.

Confidentiality

Do not make public ex. EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires businesses to be transparent about the use of personal data they prossess to and protect from unauthorized access

Which is a characteristic of alternative dispute resolution (ADR)?

Does not preclude litigation ADR does not prevent disputes from leading to litigation or arbitration, but it can result in fewer cases going to trial. It is generally used in union-free organizations.

What defines risk?

Effect of uncertainty on the ability to meet organizational objectives The ISO definition of risk is simply "the effect of uncertainty on objectives." Uncertainty can be positive or negative in its effects. The other choices emphasize negative risk or assessments of risk occurrence.

Succession Planning

Effective succession planning should be developing the type of talent the organization will need in the future. This means that the organization's needs should be reviewed regularly against the organization's strategy and competitive environment.

Employment contracts are seen as an exception to what employment principle?

Employment contracts are an exception to employment at-will.

Business Case

Establishes problem and argues the proposed soltuion is the best way to solve - Statement of need - condition or change impleeling the action - EXAMPLE - RECOMMENDED SOLUTION - objectives are dfine, action is dtailed on how to meet and someimtes includes alternatives and why those wont work - risks and opportunity - estimated costs and timeframe - labor, fees, travel, etc plus a reserve for the unforeseeable basd on risk - maybe in phases to review milestones gather facts, alternatives, consider risks - align with strategy - get early buy in from key leaders - put in writing to exaplin issue, needs and the solution wit facts not emotion, metrics

External Equity

External equity refers to employees' perceptions that they are being fairly compensated in terms of what employers in the same labor market would offer

According to international labor standards, which offering is most fundamental to the employment relationship?

Fair wages, labor rights, a living wage, and a standard workday are all fundamental in international labor law standards.

What is the correct term for the right of an individual worker to unite with other workers to promote desired employment conditions as a group?

Freedom of association is the right of workers to join (or not join) an organization of their choosing without prior authorization by their employer.

Lisbeth Clause = "The Golden Rule" and the "Global Rule"

Golden rule - treat others as you want to be treated Global rule - treat others fro other cultures as they would like to be treated

Benefits of ethical workplaces

Good place to work, proud ees, treat eachother better. Leads to trust, ee empowerments. Attract and retain good works. Also reduces risks. Attract customers and investors. Less likely to violate laws and suffer lawsuits or damage company reputation

Ethics - Utilitarian approach

Greatest good for greatest number

divestiture

Growth strategies are often fueled by divestiture—the selective "pruning" of parts of the organization that are underperforming or that are no longer in line with the organization's strategy Divestiture offers a number of benefits to the parent company: The perceived value of a subsidiary or its opportunities may be increased. Sometimes the parent company may not have the necessary talent to take the "child company" to its next level of growth. Investment may be recouped through the sale of a high-value subsidiary and the cash used to increase the parent's value in other ways. The enterprise's activities may be refocused on new priorities, perhaps as the result of competitive threats and/or opportunities. Risk that might derive from financial positions or strategic outlooks can be managed. One of the major challenges in divestiture is making sure that the organization retains key talent during and after the process.

Sustain the improvement

HR guides leaders on new values, attitudes, or practices to be institutionalized or applied in different areas

Which is considered a good practice for handling grievances?

Hold grievance discussions privately with all parties. Ensuring the confidentiality of grievance discussions is in the best interest of all parties involved.

Which can best be used in the evaluation of the outcomes of a compliance program? Answers

How willing the participants are to report issues of noncompliance The evaluation of a compliance program monitors which program activities are actually performed and what their outputs are-the actual results achieved by the program.

What benefit should HR emphasize to support a proposal to use a software as a service (SaaS) product to address an HR operational need ?

In-house IT needs will not increase due to vendor-supplied IT support.

Eroding credibility

Inconsistencies between the images presented online and the realities in-house will erode brand credibility.

Which alternative staffing arrangement meets the needs of an organization that is experiencing turnover in professional service positions due to employees desiring to work fewer hours?

Job sharing is the practice of having two different employees perform the tasks of one full-time position. Each of the job-sharing partners works a part-time schedule, but together they are accountable for the duties of one full-time position. On-call workers are employees who report to work only when needed. Seasonal workers work only when needed to fulfill the ebb and flow of seasonal demands. Contract workers are used for long-term projects.

What type of communication helps ensure an employer's compliance with federal, state, and local law?

Labor posters outline basic information that employees must be made aware of regarding employment law at various levels.

Which is a primary barrier to transfer of training?

Lack of reinforcement The primary barrier participants experience is the lack of reinforcement and support when they try to apply training to the job.

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

May include HRIS products - can analyze data daster and in more ways than traditional relational databases - uses server between use and orgs database and stores it in compact "cube" - can find all varied intersections quickly - different analysis possible - can be organized hierarchically to drill down - basically power BI is OLAP

net profit margin

Net income is for stockholders or reinvestment profit margin - net income / net sales = net profit margin basically, margins = % healthy profit margin = reinvest for growth

A graphic designer is leaving a technology consulting firm after five years. Can the designer use copyrighted materials to launch a start-up company?

No, the work is the property of the employer. Copyrighted or patented material is the employer's intellectual property. The graphic designer doesn't own the work, and the employer and the graphic designer don't share ownership of the work. No mediation is required.

Capital costs

One time investments in physcical assets are not common in HR but can occur - like an aging info system - separate from operating costs

HR Budget

Ongoing op costs related to HR essential services and one-time project costs planned to support HR strategy. Align to org streatgey and have several years of HR data to establish rules and trends

What BEST supports diversity and inclusion in organizations?

Organizations should establish a diversity council or comparable task force to define the diversity and inclusion initiative and take tangible steps to create the infrastructure to support diversity.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case found the practice of hiring a male with preschool-aged children over a woman with preschool-aged children to be in violation of Title VII?

Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation In Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that it is contrary to Title VII for a company to refuse to hire a woman because she has preschool-aged children when it does not impose a similar restriction on men.

Code of Conduct (of Ethics)

Principles that guide decision making behavior - Communicates commitment to values, defines behavioral expectations, provides direct when faced with ethical decision - NOT static book of rules. Tool for employees - Reflects needs, concerns, values of org - must be supported by internal management

An employee's ex-husband waits outside her place of work. When she emerges, he begins yelling. She retreats inside the building. The husband attempts to follow but is prevented by a door that locks automatically behind the employee. An HR staff member observes the incident. What action should the staff member take?

Recommend that those involved debrief the incident. After-action debriefs are a good way to examine the effectiveness of a specific risk response strategy, presenting an opportunity for learning and improvement.

Which action is an ombudsperson empowered to take after hearing both sides of a workplace dispute?

Referring the matter to further alternative dispute resolution (ADR) An ombudsperson is a neutral party with limited powers; he or she cannot negotiate for one party. The ombudsperson can investigate the dispute, establish facts, and refer the matter, along with the evidence, to management or to other forms of ADR. The ombudsperson cannot impose a decision or refer the matter for outside litigation.

What is the appropriate role for an HR manager in an investigatory interview for a dischargeable offense?

Risk manager for the organization In this situation, the role of HR is to be proactive and manage the legal and physical safety risks to the organization. HR managers must be aware of the need to ensure due process to employees and to provide a safe work environment for all employees. HR should not take a prosecutorial or defense role; the organization should approach the situation and the evidence objectively and calmly.

Scenario Analysis

Scenario analysis helps an organization compare the impact of changes in the environment on the organization's outputs. This allows planners to identify those environmental factors that have the greatest potential for positive or negative impact

Specific units develop areas of expertise and then create HR policies in these areas. The specialized units provide services to all units. Which type of model is this?

Shared services With the shared services model, specific areas of expertise develop HR policies in those areas; each unit can then select what it needs from a menu of these services.

Third-party-administered survey

Since the problem may be with employee relationships with supervisors and/or management, ensuring the anonymity of employee feedback may be essential to gathering useful information. Using a third party to report anonymous results would be an effective first step in gathering data.

SMARTER Objectives

Specific. Focused on a narrowly defined activity rather than a generalization. Measurable. Capable of objective measurement. (Note that even intangibles can be measured objectively once a measurement system is established.) Attainable. Requiring effort but within reach given effort and the right tools and support. Relevant. Producing an outcome that is in the line of sight with the goal. Timebound. Subject to evaluation within a reasonable and defined time frame. Evaluated. Assessed at the designated time or interval, often continuously in the form of progress or pulse checks. Revised. Changed to reflect what has been learned.

What are the primary categories of barriers to effective risk management?

Structural, cognitive, and cultural An organization's structure, willingness to change, and values will impact its willingness to engage in risk management.

Staffing Needs Analysis Process

Supply Analysis Demand Analysis Budget Analysis Strategic Analysis

As part of a software company's corporate social responsibility (CSR) program, during non-working hours employees volunteer time and expertise helping low-income people build their own small businesses. Participation has been consistent but at a very low level. What recommendation should HR make to assist the company in increasing employee involvement?

Support employee participation with paid time off.

The 4 Ts - Key Factors in Acquiring Global Perspective, via Black/Morrison/Gregersen

TRAVEL -working and living abroad, most influential dev experieince. short tern travel adds some value too, however its critisized due to culture shock and opp to adjust TEAMS - work on cross international team TRAINING - can train in other cultures, however should focus on cross-culture challenges , role play and practice skills is more practical . Focus on similarities in cultures and differences "lunch and learn" TRANSFERS - intense immersion

Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)

The IRCA prohibits discrimination based on national origin or citizenship. Organizations are barred from hiring undocumented workers with certain exceptions, so they must be able to use legal immigration status when verifying employment. Discrimination based on ethnicity or primary language skills may be illegal, but preventing such discrimination was not the identified purpose of IRCA.

NLRA (National Labor Relations Act)

The NLRA attempted to balance the interests of management and labor and prohibited the employer from unfair labor practices such as union domination. The NLRA did not prohibit collective bargaining; it established mandatory subjects for collective bargaining. protects employees' right to discuss their wages, benefits, and working conditions. Preventing employees from doing so interferes with employees' engagement in concerted activity. investigates possible employee rights violations by employers or unions - EE should contact them first if they think violated

Value Chain

The process by which an organization creates the product or service it offers to the customer. - AKA business model - Chain bc it represents the esequential and simultaneous contributions of a number of internal/external participants

An HR manager wants to make the organization's learning opportunities more accessible and convenient for employees. What type of framework would meet these goals?

The pull model for learning allows employees to access learning materials when and where they need it—for example, while traveling or through mobile devices. The push model provides learning on a schedule, as seen in classroom training and "one-off" training events, such as training on compliance requirements. Synchronous and asynchronous learning refers to delivery approaches, whether learners interact in real time (synchronous) or at different times (asynchronous). Push and pull models could use both approaches.

A company plans to outsource its benefits administration system. HR has identified the top three vendors and plans to review their proposals. In addition to cost, which is the most important factor to consider when reviewing the proposals?

The vendor's ability to meet specifications is the most important of these factors.

Department of Labor's "Final Rules"

To follow specified protocols, employers may use guidelines that the Department of Labor has published called "Final Rules Relating to Use of Electronic Communication and Recordkeeping Technologies by Employee Pension and Welfare Benefit Plans," shortened to "Final Rules." use when converting from paper to electronic record storage

How does the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) amend the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)?

Under PPACA, employers are required to notify COBRA participants, in addition to their general employee populations, that adult children may be eligible for health plan coverage up to age 26.

Ethics - rights approach

Violate any basic human right?

Who are the members of a works council?

Workers and management representatives Works councils are composed of workers and management representatives. Their purpose is to promote communication between management and employees on issues that affect workers' interests. responsible for consultation and effective flow of information

The workforce analysis process consists of four steps. What are they and in what order?

Workforce analysis is a four-step process that begins with a supply analysis (Where are we now?), followed by a demand analysis (Where do we want to be?), a gap analysis (What is lacking?), and a solution analysis (What can we afford?).

Which key factor typically contributes to an anticipated shortage in the labor pool?

Workforce skewed toward older employees When older employees represent a large portion of an organization's workforce, the organization can anticipate talent shortages as these employees reach retirement age. The amount of diversity and an abundance of knowledge workers do not contribute to a labor shortage. A labor shortage will force greater reliance on contingent workers.

Job specification

a written statement of the necessary qualifications of the job incumbent. A job description is a written description of the job and its requirements.

levels of law

analyzing laws by their areas of control - national, subnational, spranational, international

Cost Leadership

capturing market share within their industry by virtue of lowest price. There are many paths to cost leadership. Firms commit to: Creating economies of scale, by which cost decreases with every increase in output. Sharing knowledge and information so that workers acquire necessary skills and critical tasks are completed more quickly. Redesigning processes to root out actions that do not produce value, that create delays and expense, or that are duplicative. Designing products and services that can be replicated easily. Lowering operating costs (e.g., investing in energy efficiencies, using cheaper labor, locating near markets to lower transportation costs). Adjusting capacity to demand quickly (e.g., being able to shift work to different production centers or idle production lines). Creating a supportive workforce—effective managers and motivated workers.

accounts receivable turnover/activity ratio

efficiency of debt collection - high but not too high net credit sales/average accounts receivable

Measure Effectiveness

have consult objectives been met and did we have desired strategic impact plan for improvement, document, ID and address problems

trend analysis

is a variance part of a larger trend or just an isolated incident - can use statistical formula to calculate the slope of a trend line and predict outwards a few years

nonfiancial measures

not measured in current but effect can be montized to show financial effect share of market reputation level of brand awareness social responsibility effciency activity ratiosee retention and satisfaction ee engagement

internal equity

nternal equity relates to perceptions of fair compensation in terms of the work for the employer.

Quantitive data

objective measurements that can be verified and use in statistical analysis

Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures

procedural document outlines the requirements that an employer needs to follow in order to show that it does not discriminate in its hiring process The Uniform Guidelines cover all aspects of the selection process, including recruiting, testing, interviewing, and performance appraisals. Its purpose is to assist employers in complying with federal regulations against discrimination.

Environmental scanning

process of systematically surveying and gathering data, from both internal and external sources, that can be analyzed to identify opportunities and threats and to strengthen strategic plans and goals. PESTLE SWOT Growth-Share Matrix

Profit margin

profitability after all expensese have been deducted, expressed as percentage of revenu total sales/total costs/total sales

unweighted mean

raw average - sum of all divided by number of values - useful when all values are relatively close to gether and when they represent volume as opposed to numerical or

Systems thinking

recognizes that organizations are composed of interacting and sometimes interdependent parts that together create a dynamic internal environment. Each part is differentiated by the role it plays... its own particular challenges, values, and processes—referred to as the differentiation of units must treat root cause

Nancy Alder "Synergistic Approach"

recos the dif in negotiating styles across cultures and use those to craft win win

A performance appraisal meeting

should be a dialogue in which the manager and the employee can objectively discuss performance issues. If the team member agrees that the expectations are valid and cannot show that the assessment is wrong, then the pair can address possible reasons for the change in performance rating. It might be related to an increase in expectations that the team member is not prepared to meet. It might be personal problems that will require counseling. Only a widespread problem would indicate a need to reevaluate the performance management system. Simply forcing the manager's view will not engage the team member or begin to identify root causes.

relational database

stores data in separate tables, rows and columns

Engagement Survey

surveys examine ee level of job satisfaction, commitment, morale Employee engagement surveys focus on employees' level of job satisfaction, commitment, and morale. Survey questions or statements should explicitly link to business objectives.

Workers' compensation incident rate

the workers' compensation incident rate is the metric most closely tied to safety initiatives.

Wildcat strikes

type of strike occurs without the knowledge or approval of union leadership work stoppages that are neither sanctioned nor stimulated by the union, although union officials may be aware of them. These strikes may also take the form of excessive absences, especially when there are no-strike clauses in contracts.

Integrate view of Change (Cesar Aguirre) - total process of change

urgency, guiding team, and clear vision = UNFREEZE comms, action, short term success = MOVE Consolidate, intritutionalize = REFREEZE

Business Intelligence Portals - the point of access to data stored in information system - is effective when:

- Can be customized, so you only see what you need to - Info is logically presented and visually pleasing - Supports easy navigation - Automated tools like drag and drop - scaled across tech platforms, mobile and desktop - secure

"High Impact Communication" or "Influence Bus Decision Through Effective Comms, SHRM"

- An understanding of audience needs, perspective - A clear message - Effective delivery At the center is communicator, the perception they create of themselves You -- message -- delivery -- audience

Zero-based budgeting

- Everything given a priority ranking, then budget given. Budget starts at Starts at zero.. i.e. dept justifies its entire budget to show how funding helps org meet goals

5 Steps for Code Creation

- Gather info - stakeholders through surveys, focus groups, get examples from them - include all internal/ex relevant stakeholders - Draft and review - should be clear understandable, brief, pointed, easily understood, no legal jargon, also in audio version, reviewed locally for accuracy, specific to the unique org challenges - Adopt formally and communicate to org - key points should be reviewed, not just distributed - Monitor enforcement - audit for effectiveness, inconsistent enforcement may have legal consequences - Evaluate and revise periodically - Changes to org and env. will require changes to code - then reintroduced to employees

Activity-based budgeting

- How much does it cost to perform dif activities? Based on strategic significance of activities - transfer from lower priority areas with excess

Steps to Establish Anti-corruption program

- ID specific risk where payments are made - Control payments - Training and communication - Discipline - Monitor and audit - Periodically reassess all gov and compliance programs

Checklist for GLOBAL Code of Conduct

- International task force - Feedback from diverse group of EEs -ID set of shared principles and mutially agreeable polices, detail to measure and flexibility to accommodate in local variations - Training materials in local languages - Avoid home country biases, nonjudgmental and translate well - Completment company wide code with additional guidelines where countries might be more at-risk, i.e. a country where there's more bribery

Net income

- deducting operating expenses fro mgross profit - deducting depreciation (loss in value of assests as they are held over time) ... arrive at net income

Codes of Conduct - Values-based part 1

- principles and obligations to stakeholders - explain the rationale behind the rules - unifying document when clear about org's vision, values, and principles .. "what we all must do together" rather than "what we expect you to do for us" -Communication from leadership on commitment and enforcement - The org mission/vision statement - Broad statement of values/principles - More details of ethical obligations to stakeholders

When accepting data in print or online, consider:

-Does source have authority - gov agency or avademic more than blogger - what are sources possible biases - are they cherry picking data - cited sources - are they reliable - are facts relevent - might not be if from different industry - is data current - could be weakened over time - is the argument itself sound? is it logical?

Which employee must be paid overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)?

.Manager who earns $450 per week Each individual employee must qualify for one of the specific exemptions provided by the FLSA to be excluded from the minimum wage and overtime pay requirements of the law. In general, they must meet certain tests regarding their job duties and must be paid on a salary basis at not less than $684 per week. Commonly referred to as the Wage and Hour Law, the FLSA governs employee status, overtime pay, and minimum wage. Employee benefits, sales commissions, and equal pay are not governed by the FLSA

Integrated data access and analysis

The issue of integration would be meaningful to an organization with many interrelated parts. An integrated information system would allow functions throughout the organization to access the same data in a timely manner and analyze it to gain insight and test solutions.

Which technology has the primary mission of sharing information in meaningful ways to augment employee performance?

Knowledge management systems are increasingly popular as a knowledge-sharing tool in organizations. These systems facilitate access and exchange of information, expertise, and learning throughout the organization.

Which is a primary goal of a transnational organization?

A transnational corporation builds strong local and global identities. Ideas flow not only from headquarters to the subsidiaries but among subsidiaries and to headquarters. Localized processes and practices meet cultural and legal requirements in each market, and knowledge and experience are shared globally.

pareto chart

A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto (80% of effects come from 20% of causes), is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.

Brownfield operation

A company repurposes, through expansion or redevelopment, an abandoned, closed, or underutilized industrial or commercial property.

What activity is necessary for successfully implementing a knowledge management system?

A critical action in establishing a knowledge management system is identifying those places in an organization's processes and structures where valuable knowledge has been developed and where losing that knowledge can endanger the organization's success.

How will using a revenue-per-employee metric allow HR to demonstrate the impact of turnover on employee engagement?

A decrease in revenue per employee may correlate with lower employee engagement. This is especially important when evaluating the cost of a lost employee due to turnover. Although there is no single calculation for measuring engagement, HR can measure specific outcomes of engagement action plans. Revenue per employee evaluates the costs of a lost employee due to voluntary or involuntary turnover.

Demand Analysis

A demand analysis forecast should consider a myriad of internal and external business issues. These issues may include new services/product lines, competitive forces and expansion/constriction in marketplaces, anticipated workforce availability within geographic boundaries, and so forth.

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

A fracture is an occupational injury, and OSHA requires that occupational injuries be reported within 24 hours of learning about the event. Although the event occurred off-site, it was a company-sponsored outing and the person was there in his role as an employee; therefore, it is considered an extension of the traditional workplace. Employers may apply for a temporary variance from a standard due to the unavailability of materials, equipment, or personnel needed to make necessary changes. This would potentially allow the organization to avoid postponing the opening of the new factory, and it does not carry the risk of penalties due to noncompliance with OSHA standards. Permanent variances are allowable where an employer can furnish proof that the facilities or the method of operation provides employee protection at least as effective as that required by the standard. Employees can expect OSHA to complete investigations of employer discrimination within 90 days. If employees believe an unsafe situation exists, they have the right to request an OSHA inspection. However, they are obligated to follow the employer's safety procedures, wear the proper protective equipment, and go through the proper channels in raising safety issues. The OSH Act does not deal with unfair labor practices. The OSHA poster must be displayed in a conspicuous place where it can be seen and read by all employees. A copy of the OSH Act must be made available to employees upon request, but the act does not specify that it must always be provided at the time of hire. Employers must provide personal protective equipment at the organization's expense, except for prescription eyewear and footwear that can be used off the job. OSHA citations must be posted at the worksite where an alleged violation has occurred, but permanent display of OSHA standards at all workstations is not required.

Which is an example of a job specification for a line supervisor?

A job specification should list what is necessary for satisfactory performance, not the characteristics of an ideal candidate. A bachelor's degree is probably more than is needed, and the traits of creative ability and versatility are typically indicative of critical success factors associated with job competencies.

What type of organization embraces change, tolerates risk, and views failures as an opportunity to learn?

A learning organization understands that change, risk, and failure are all key parts of organizational learning. A learning organization provides the environment for organizational learning.

global letter of assignment

A letter of assignment evolves from the assignment plan and addresses the business aspects of the assignment as well as compensation, benefits, and local work rules. Taking the time to ensure that the information provided is clearly articulated, thorough, consistent, and unambiguous sets clear and reasonable expectations between the employer and the employee. In turn, this information sets the stage for a successful first-time international assignment.

What is a budget?

A planning and measurement tool - anticipates the amount and timing of income and disbursement of funds, and it IDs how much and what type of work will be produced - control over assets and transparency - justify budget request by demo how it will advance HR strategy and the org strategy

Which statement is correct under the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Accommodation is not required if it results in undue hardship for the organization. Employers are not required to make accommodations that result in undue hardship. Current users of illegal drugs are excluded by the law, but rehabilitated drug users are not. Preemployment medical examinations may be required after a job offer is extended. There is no requirement to develop affirmative action plans for candidates with disabilities.

Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)

According to USERRA, employees on military leave are entitled to the same non-seniority-based benefits and rights generally provided (by contract, agreement, policy, practice, or plan) to other employees with similar seniority, status, and pay on other types of leaves. i.e. you can't be denied a cost-of-living increase

Which best describes how HR should be involved in the strategic planning process to serve their organization?

Acting as a consultant to leadership and other functions on HR issues

Which factors should the director consider before engaging in a purchasing process for HR technology?

Alignment of user and departmental objectives User, departmental, and organizational readiness are all essential factors in the purchase of HR technology, so alignment of user and departmental objectives should be considered. An equipment solution or guidelines for needs assessments should be customized to fit each situation. While external vendors may be stakeholders, the needs should be tied to departmental and business objectives.

Which growth strategy is commonly used to accelerate the path to globalization?

Alliances, partnerships, and acquisitions are vehicles that can accelerate the path to globalization.

What is the impact of HR's understanding of the employee life cycle on the organization?

An employee life cycle describes all of the activities associated with an employee's tenure in the organization. support ee performance and engagement For HR practitioners, employee life-cycle phases influence the inputs and types of developmental activities the employee needs to support his or her optimum performance and engagement.

Which authoritative resource is considered an agency guideline?

An opinion letter is a form of guidance issued by a government enforcement agency in response to a question from the public. It provides an interpretation of a regulation or statute. A public comment is a suggestion or concern provided by the public to a government agency for its consideration during the rule-making process.

Define "Value"

An organizations success in meeting its strategic goals - different from "values" as principle. Aim to ptoect and enhance value of the org assests (financial, pepole, tech, physical) and add new value where possible. Orgs must ask: How is creates value and what activities are critical to creation, retention and , increase of value? - Influenced by mission - Influenced by culture - for example, value is of conflict after mergers - and may also vary by department... sales = customer satisfaction is value, ops see's output as value, etc

Which method best determines recruiting effectiveness?

Analyzing yield ratios Organizations need to evaluate recruitment strategies against objective criteria. Yield ratios produce factual data that can be used to determine which source, method, or recruiter produces the greatest yield.

HR Org/Product Life Cycle - Impact of Life Cycle on HR Strategy: Decline

Characteristics: - shrinks in size and assets in-fighting increases - swing to autocratic leadershipship Impact of HR Strategy: - RIF Constant stress management and workplace changes necessary to survive - attracting necessary talent, reduced assests and prospects demand greater activity in talent acq

Performance Bias

Behave differently because they're being studied - aka the Hawthorne Works experiement - increase in productivity were related to experiment design bc workers appreciate attention to their welfare

Which is a key provision of the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) of 1990?

Benefits offered to older workers must be equal to those offered to younger workers.

An HR organization is concerned that its current approach to onboarding is not supporting the organization's diversity and inclusion goals. What type of audit could help the organization set specific targets for improvement?

Best practices audits help an organization maintain or improve a competitive advantage by comparing the organization's practices to those of employers identified as having exceptional practices. In this case, a best practices audit could identify effective processes that the organization is not currently using.

An economic comparison of options for a new applicant tracking system shows that the cost of the system best suited to meet the organization's long-term goals exceeds the amount management has budgeted. What should the HR manager present to management to support the purchase of the more expensive system?

Business case Business cases outline the allocation of organizational resources to strategic initiatives (such as applicant tracking systems).

Conducting realistic job previews

By conducting realistic job previews, the organization can help ensure that new hires are well prepared for the job duties and understand the organizational culture before they enter it. This can help keep employees engaged over time and may result in retaining them for a longer period of time. Performing salary reviews and improving benefit plans can help ensure that the total compensation for the position is competitive in the market, but that will not address other issues that may cause employees to exit the organization prematurely. Streamlining HR processes may not have any impact on the employee retention rate.

How can HR provide the most value in the strategic planning process?

By identifying the HR implications of the company's strategy

How does an Internet recruiting approach provide the greatest benefit to a global organization?

By increasing the volume of applicants for positions under tight time frames

How do the three spheres of sustainability support an effective corporate social responsibility (CSR) program?

By offering an all-encompassing view of how an organization should function The term "sustainability" originally referred to an ecological or environmental goal. Now that focus has expanded to also consider an organization's social and economic impact (sometimes referred to as the 3Ps: people, planet, profits). Based on stakeholder demands, the three spheres attempt to provide a balanced focus to the organization's goals, objectives, and outcomes.

HR Org/Product Life Cycle - Impact of Life Cycle on HR Strategy: Maturity

Characteristics: - Need fo rgreat control - More formalization and complex reporting/decision strucutures, top management plans, lower implements - Loss of connection with strategy Impact of HR Strategy: - buildign/retaining workforce to meet high demand - stable leadership via success planning - implementing policies - communicate and reinforce org culture in policies and practices - improve comms so strategy can be aligned and understood everywhere - less agile or innovative - consulting across org about poor performance, toxic cultures, etc. to solve problems - modeling awareness of external influence - HR can champion environmental scanning

HR Org/Product Life Cycle - Impact of Life Cycle on HR Strategy: Renewal

Characteristics: - Reconnect or find new customers, missions - restructure - vision, innovation, strong leadership, motivation and comms are vital Impact of HR Strategy: - RIFs - Change in leadership and workforce requirements - Streamlining processes - added responsibilities for ees

HR Org/Product Life Cycle - Impact of Life Cycle on HR Strategy: Introduction

Characteristics: - Vision, innovation, energy are criticals - Little structure or policy - Maybe no HR in house Impact of HR Strategy - Talent acquisition, finding resources - Defining and creating culture in line with values - Controlling risks with compliance, stress mgmt, etc

What is most critical to the effectiveness of the performance management system?

CORRECT Aligned individual contributions that drive organizational results Clear communication of performance standards that are aligned to organizational goals and objectives is the basis of an effective performance management process. Behavior that is expected and evaluated must be communicated clearly.

Which best characterizes today's global organization?

CORRECT Any organization, large or small, whose processes, actions, and decisions are firmly rooted in a carefully conceived global strategy a global organization is no longer defined by its size or physical presence in multiple countries but by its global strategy.

A technical recruiter receives a job description from a hiring manager. One of the requirements listed by the manager states that the position is not ideal for single parents. Which risk management strategy should the technical recruiter use to avoid similar situations in the future?

CORRECT Avoid the risk by training hiring managers and reviewing all job descriptions before use. This risk can and should be avoided through training and a review process. An employer cannot ignore, mitigate (lessen), or transfer the legal obligation to avoid discrimination.

How does the demographic dichotomy bring new attention to generational differences?

CORRECT By identifying educational and skills dividends and deficits between emerging and developed economies In the growing demographic dichotomy, developed countries are facing an aging workforce while emerging economy workforces are much younger. So globalization has brought new attention to generational, as well as cultural, diversity. The diaspora of increased global migration has made the workforce increasingly diverse in all countries.

It is estimated that one-third of Fortune 500 CEOs have remained in their positions fewer than three years. Which does this indicate about executive development?

CORRECT Executives have the knowledge and intellect to succeed but lack the people skills to build teams or maintain productive relationships.

A manager has lost several staff members to a competitor in the last quarter but continues to meet her team targets. Which type of report can HR share to ease this manager's dismay over losing staff?

CORRECT Human capital value added Human capital value added shows the productivity of retained employees, due perhaps to HR processes such as training for employees and supervisors and compensation strategies. This metric will increase since revenue will be divided by a smaller number of employees.

A company designs and manufactures sophisticated and unique components for satellites. Its product development process can take a decade. It forecasts steady growth and demand for designers and technicians. What strategy is the company most likely to use to meet its workforce needs?

CORRECT Investing in developing and retaining knowledgeable and skilled employees The company's business model requires a high level of specialized knowledge and skills that will be hard to locate in the labor market. It also needs a high level of institutional knowledge-a continuity of knowledge about the company's products and processes, which is less likely with a temporary workforce. While some tasks can be automated, this company makes intense use of human capital. It would benefit therefore from building the workers it needs and retaining them and their knowledge and experience.

In global staffing, why is it important to use a common approach for analyzing and describing jobs?

CORRECT It facilitates communication and decision making about jobs.

A hospital director wants to identify the best candidate for head nurse among currently employed nurses. Which type of assessment would be most effective in evaluating candidates?

CORRECT Manager assessment Manager assessments would best identify future potential. The other three answer choices may provide helpful information but would not fully evaluate a nurse's current performance against the future job.

Which is the best option to help an international assignee rapidly acclimate to the new country's culture?

CORRECT Secure a specialized third-party vendor to provide the assignee with a customized settling-in program To navigate the complexities of global assignments, a specialized third-party vendor is the best resource.

Which illustrates a regiocentric global orientation as described by Perlmutter?

CORRECT Senior management talent moves between countries within regions. In a regiocentric global orientation, operations are managed regionally. Communication and coordination are high within regions and less so between regions.

What is the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability?

CSR encompasses sustainability. The definition of CSR has broadened from the traditional areas of ethics, governance, corporate philanthropy, and volunteerism to include sustainability.

Which would be an accurate statement about the forces that are shaping organizations' corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies?

CSR has increased individuals' rights to privacy. Although technology has created many challenges to privacy, the social and political reactions to this threat have created many protections for individuals' rights to privacy.

How do career planning and career management differ?

Career planning identifies personal abilities, while career management focuses on organizational staffing needs. Career planning identifies personal abilities and interests and focuses on the individual. Career management focuses on organizational staffing needs and focuses on the entire organization. The length of time or the type of position one has with the company is not relevant to either career planning or career management.

HR Org/Product Life Cycle - Impact of Life Cycle on HR Strategy: Growth

Characteristics: - Keen awareness of markets and customers - Strategically discipline and maintain focus - Competing demands for innovation and efficiency - some formalization of structure and processes without affect culture Impact of HR Strategy - Finding the right talent - Increasing complexity of structure and policies - must weigh improvements in efficiency against impact on culture - Helping leaders redefine their roles and share leadership with others - Formalized job desc. - Managing changes caused by growth

The term "cultural relativism" is best demonstrated by what?

Concept that holds that there are no absolutes and everything is based on the situation Relativism states that because cultures vary so greatly, there are no absolutes. Everything varies based on the situation.

stakeholder concept - by Freeman , as alternative to shareholder perception (as much wealth as possible)

Concept that proposes that any organization operates within a complex environment in which it affects and is affected by a variety of forces or stakeholders who all share in the value of the organization and its activities. recognizes different types of value an org creates: investors gov political groups customers ees suppliers communities trade associations

What should always be the first step of designing any training?

Conduct a job analysis and ensure JDs and specifications are appropriate - having a good understanding of the job is a critical piece of job... part of a NEEDS analysis

A manager approves a training course on the condition that it includes some way of ensuring that the training reinforces critical learning objectives. Which strategy should an HR manager employ to best meet the manager's needs?

Conducting a pilot program for a limited group A pilot allows for a test run of the program with selected members of the target audience in a controlled environment. Participants and other key stakeholders have the opportunity to evaluate the program's effectiveness and identify specific changes that will strengthen the program. After the pilot, the program is revised and released for mass delivery.

Record Keeping Practice

Conducting annual audits will help ensure that files are complete, documents are stored in the proper location, and the appropriate retention period is observed. Maintaining duplicate files could actually increase the risk that documents will be managed inappropriately. In order to be in compliance, employers should observe the longer of two or more applicable retention periods. Keeping digital records rather than paper files will not ensure compliance because the same risks for violations exist for electronic files as for physical ones. The statute of limitations for contract, tort, and fraud claims may be longer than the statutory record retention requirements. Organizations may choose to keep records longer than the statutory requirements in order to better respond to potential claims in those areas.

strategic management provides org with

Consistent long term goals, consistent decision making by leaders, better competitive and external vision, better internal vision

FORMAL Onboarding

Creating a formal onboarding program for the department will allow new hires to receive dedicated training beyond the first 30 days to help them succeed in the position

Critical Eval

Data advocacy - dev inquiring mindset, learning data partnerships, and model EBDM (Evidence based decision making) to whole org data gathering - critical and objective evidnce and find it data analysis - able to org data to reveal patterns and analyze to detect logical relationships EBDM - apply the results to better decisions - MAKE DECISION, based on EVIDENCE

Which is a significant factor that an HR professional must consider when using a website to recruit for a global enterprise?

Data privacy regulations

An employee has a small online business selling a sauce made from the employer's copyrighted recipe. The company handbook forbids any employee from disclosing the employer's proprietary information. What can the employer do?

Demand the employee cease the activity and terminate employment. The employer has the right to demand that the employee cease the activity because it violates the employer's intellectual property rights. Because this is stated in the handbook, the employee could be subject to termination.

Which types of data should be measured at the preliminary assessment stage of the diversity and inclusion strategic process?

Demographic and attitude data A clear picture is needed not just of current organizational performance but also of current attitudes about diversity and about the organization's existing diversity and inclusion efforts. This requires both objective data, such as comparable promotion and turnover figures for various demographic groups, and subjective (but measurable) data, such as survey, interview, and focus group results.

Diversity may improve a team's innovation and creativity. Which obstacles may a diverse team have to initially overcome?

Demonstrating fragmented, nonproductive, and indecisive behavior If not managed properly, diverse teams may become fragmented, nonproductive, and unable to arrive at decisions in a timely manner. Differences in approaches can be emphasized, making it difficult to reach a single solution.

Which method would be most effective when training a new receptionist to operate the phone system?

Demonstrating the system Demonstration is best used when a trainee needs to see the correct way to operate equipment or concrete steps for completing a task. For many trainees, watching a task performed prior to trying it themselves is an ideal way to learn.

Which best describes the type of activities aimed at preparing for long-term, future job responsibilities as well as increasing skills for performing the current job?

Developmental activities have a long-term focus on preparing for future responsibilities while increasing the capacities of employees to perform their current jobs. These activities are broader in scope than training activities.

The hiring manager is concerned with the number of resumes that come in compared to how many candidates are being interviewed. What area would the hiring manager want to discuss with the recruiter?

Effectiveness of recruiting methods The applicant yield ratio is the percentage of applicants who proceed to the next step of the selection process. It demonstrates the effectiveness of recruiting methods.

Which program best allows HR to support long-term employee engagement and retention?

Employee assistance and employee development programs focus on immediate and long-term needs of the employee.

An organization is moving from employees working in silos to a team environment. Which corporate social responsibility activity best supports this initiative?

Employee volunteerism employee volunteerism is the only one that can be part of a corporate social responsibility activity.

Which is a provision of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)?

Employees are entitled to return to a similar job with the same pay and status. The FMLA entitles a covered employee to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave in a 12-month period for the birth or adoption of a child or the serious health condition of the employee or the employee's child, spouse, or parent. In most cases, employees must be returned to the same job or one with equivalent status, pay, and benefits.

For an organization to be considered sustainable, what areas of practice are examined?

Environmental, economic, and social are the three spheres of sustainability.

Porter's 5 - Bargaining power of suppliers

Few suppliers or many? Are you vulnerable? What happens if supplier went out of business? If high, HR must be sure that JDs include skills like negotiation and managing risk and competencies

Hardship testing

Hardship testing involves stretch assignments that support the development of leaders. Experiencing failures, difficulties, and periods with little or no support help the individual develop competence and resilience. HR is interviewing candidates who will have to think on their feet and keep calm in high-pressure, high-stakes, and emotionally charged situations. Which leadership development method is best suited to develop this skill?

Deliberate Approach to Strategic Planning & Management Process

Forumulation Develppment Implementation Evaluation Strategic planning and management are distinguished by the way assets, structure, and policies are focused and integrated to achieve goals.

What type of system does HR help develop that puts rules and processes in place for the organization to go by?

Governance is a system of rules and processes that ensure compliance with laws, ethical norms, and a social code of conduct. Codes of conduct and compliance are part of governance. A social audit is something you would perform to determine if you are in compliance.

Globa Mindset via Brad Boyson

HR with GM will perceive genearl patterns of commonality first and no longer discriminate based on citizenship even if their home does - cultural differences are not ignored - theyre understoof and appreciated to reveal similarities - allows for real collab

How can HR reliably predict when an opening is likely to occur?

Historical data of movement Flow analysis can be accomplished in three ways, one of which is to estimate the movement based on historical data, looking at flows in, up, down, across, and out of the organization.

Porters 5: Threat of Entry

How easy for competitor to enter industry? How much money and time required? - if high, must be nimble - must support rapid decision making structure

Porters 5: Threat of Substitution

How easy is it for competitor to capture cusomters by similar product in different way? May result in price war, becoming more efficient if high threat - if low, more capital to invest and could focus on developing an entrepreneurial culture

debt to equity ratio/leverage ratio

How org is funding growth total debt/ shareholders equity

Porter's 5 - Bargaining power of buyers

How vulnerable if customers are looking for the lowest price? If buyers exert more influence, marketing competencies are key - may need to change comp structure for sales and marketing

HR has implemented a change initiative in the operations area to increase productivity. The initiative combined process redesign, changes in reporting structure, training, and incentives. The changes have been in place for six months. What measure would show the effect of the investment in the initiative?

Human capital value added The human capital value added metric shows growth in employee productivity. It is calculated by subtracting nonemployment expenses (e.g., materials, rent, utilities) from revenue and dividing the difference by the number of employees. A value should be established at the beginning of the initiative so that a later value can be compared with it to show effect.

Which identifies the best use of the balanced scorecard in strategic planning?

Identifying significant strategic objectives. The balanced scorecard can help leaders identify the key drivers of the organization's past and continued success. These drivers can then be used to develop goals and strategies to achieve those goals.

IT Involvement with ATS

IF HR's approach to this project does not recognize IT's responsibilities and needs, IT may refuse to allow the system to be installed on a shared system out of concern for security and incompatibilities or because they cannot estimate the demand the additional technology will have on IT's support resources.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

If the EEOC does not find reasonable cause, the complainant (here, the male employee) is notified of the finding and of a right to sue the employer. The EEOC's involvement ends here. The EEOC has jurisdiction only over private companies with at least 15 employees. The EEOC determines if there is reasonable cause. Charges must be filed within 180 days or 300 days if there is a state agency that also investigates charges of discrimination. If a reasonable cause is discovered, the EEOC first attempts reconciliation of the parties. Notifying both parties and ending involvement occurs if a reasonable cause is not found. Sending the respondent a copy of the charge and scheduling a fact-finding conference both occur before the EEOC reviews the charge and assesses whether there was reasonable cause.

moral hazard

Moral hazard exists when someone takes risks because he or she will not be affected by losses or damages that occur as a result. On the other hand, alignment and balance (not just alignment) between an organization's goals and associated risks is a necessary requirement for a sustainable business model.

Participative Culture

In participative organizational cultures, the organization's members embrace collaborative problem solving and decision making. Organic cultures have fewer job boundaries, decision-making levels, and rules; this does not describe this organization, which appears to have a decision-making structure and processes. A market-oriented culture might pay less attention to the people aspects of the change and more attention to operational and financial results. In an authoritarian culture, only the top leaders are involved in decision making.

What does the term "tripartism" mean in the context of union relations?

Involvement of national governments in the bargaining process Tripartism refers to the collaboration of governments, employers, and unions in developing contracts and resolving disputes. This is a common feature in some countries and an occasional feature in others (e.g., government intervention in times of national emergencies).

What factors does the risk equation use to determine level of risk?

Probability of occurrence and magnitude of impact In the risk equation, the level of risk equals the probability of occurrence multiplied by the magnitude of the impact of the risk event.

At which point in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategic process should a global organization decide on using local leadership?

Infrastructure creation The infrastructure creation step involves creating the infrastructure that will be responsible for guiding, overseeing, administering, reviewing, and championing the CSR strategy. For a global corporation, that includes determining whether local departments, divisions, or individuals will be responsible for local efforts and how these will coordinate with global goals and initiatives.

Life Cycle Concept

Introduction (revenue is low bc there is little market awareness & bc of the markets resistance to change), growth (time proceeds, revenue begins to increase), maturity (market is saturated and growth occurs only through introduction of new products or customer groups), Renewal/no growth/decline (eventual demand will decrease, orgs and: renew, take no action or take no action and decline)

Differential Pay

It can incent employees to perform less desirable work or work in undesirable locations. By using differential pay, organizations are able to incent employees to perform less desirable work (shift work, hazardous area, being on-call or standby, frequent or regular travel) or in less desirable locations or locations that have a higher cost of living. The differential pay is provided separate from the employee's base pay to allow for organizational flexibility, resulting in the ability to better control fixed labor costs

What is the implication of an organization using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards to create an enhanced and comprehensive sustainability strategy?

It is easier to evaluate performance and progress against industry and global benchmarks. The GRI Sustainability Reporting Standards are universally accepted for global reporting of an organization's sustainability efforts and progress, enabling meaningful and consistent comparisons of multinational organizations' sustainability performance.

What characterizes a learning organization?

It manages change and adapts to its environment. Learning organizations encourage constant networking both internally and externally. Change is embraced and managed, and learning experiences alter the organization's behavior. In such an organization, employees are responsible for their own learning.

Which of the following is true about employment practices liability insurance (EPLI)?

It usually covers legal costs regardless of the outcome of the case. EPLI usually covers legal costs, no matter what the outcome of the case is. It typically does not cover punitive damages or civil or criminal fines. It usually does not cover compensation, consistent with relevant state laws. It is designed to cover cases arising at any point in the employment life cycle, from recruitment to termination.

Which generally describes governments' involvement in unions? Answers

It varies from country to country. Some governments are active in legislating minimum wages, hours, and working conditions. Others help mediate labor disputes, while others take a hands-off approach. The International Labour Organization does not prevent government involvement in unions. There is no evidence that government involvement in unions reduces or increases conflict.

Which term best describes a job design strategy that increases the variety of responsibilities but requires the same skill level?

Job enlargement attempts to alleviate the boredom and low morale associated with excessive job simplification. It increases the number of tasks to be performed, expanding the scope of the job and allowing for more variety, but all of the tasks require the same skill level. Job enrichment, which is sometimes confused with job enlargement, increases the depth of a job by adding increased responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluation. It may improve morale but may not necessarily improve productivity. Job simplification and specialization generally reduce the number of tasks required of an employee.

Job enrichment

Job enrichment increases the depth of a job by adding responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluation. This is also known as vertical integration. Examples of actions that increase job depth include giving employees more authority, increasing employees' accountability, and sharing feedback directly with employees.

Which statement best describes a productive knowledge management system?

Knowledge management programs typically focus on two key elements: expertise sharing and knowledge retention/reduction of knowledge loss due to employee attrition.

A union has been accused of an unfair labor practice (ULP). What body has the authority to listen to the ULP charge?

Labor board ULPs are generally heard by labor boards, commissions, or tribunals. It would be unreasonable to allow a labor union to investigate its own alleged ULP. Unless stated in the collective bargaining agreement, a labor association would have no authority to act if a ULP is found to have occurred. A labor council serves in an advisory role and would have no authority to act if the alleged ULP was indeed committed.

Growth-Share Matrix

Larger organizations use matrix tools, like the growth-share matrix, to find where the greatest value in their organizations lies. A business line that is growing and has a dominant share (a "star") has high value. A static but dominant business line (a "cash cow") creates value reliably but shows little opportunity for growth. "Dogs" are consuming resources without offering strong value or future growth. "Question marks" could be winners or losers; their future is unclear.

INdirect benefit

Life insurance is considered an indirect benefit. Salaries, commissions, and bonuses are part of an employee's compensation and are considered direct benefits.

Which strategy should HR recommend to embrace diversity in the workforce at a greenfield operation?

Local responsiveness A greenfield operation is a way for an organization to grow its market by entering a new market and building its presence from the bottom up (as opposed to buying a local business). Since locals will understand the forces affecting diversity better than a global headquarters team, encouraging local HR to implement a diversity policy in a culturally appropriate way will be more effective.

Which core business function is primarily concerned with understanding customers and competitive threats and producing revenue?

Marketing and sales has the most effective intelligence because it is in the closest contact with customers.

A domestic organization has staff dispersed throughout multiple states. There is a compliance requirement for a conflict of interest course that everyone must take. What is the best solution for the internal delivery of this course?

Mobile learning Mobile learning is the best solution for this course, since there will be no travel costs and employees can take the course at any time. Gamification is probably not a good choice for a compliance course, and this answer does not address how to deliver the course in any case

Which best demonstrates an attorney work product?

Notes from interviews done at the attorney's request Attorney work product includes reports and notes from investigations and interviews done at the attorney's request. Attorney work product is not subject to discovery (disclosure to the other side in a complaint). Conversations are not work product but are covered under attorney-client privilege and are excluded from disclosure. Preexisting materials identified and preserved as the result of an attorney request for litigation hold are discoverable.

Employee Opinion Survey Qs

Opinion survey questions are designed to elicit employee views related to specific issues, such as how work policies or practices are administered. Employee attitude surveys seek data on employee perceptions of the organization's culture and image. Engagement surveys examine employees' levels of job satisfaction, commitment, and morale. OPINION = PROCESS

Which major role does HR play in supporting global strategic management?

Partnering to create the organization's global strategy HR can support strategic management by helping to create global strategy, aligning HR activities with it, adapting the activities to local needs, and enhancing communication between the organization and its stakeholders.

Pay Compression

Pay compression, or salary compression, describes situations where there is only a small difference in pay between employees regardless of their experience, skills, level, or seniority. Pay compression can occur if the labor market, inflation, or some other reason causes market pay increases to rise faster than the employer's pay adjustments

Perquiisites "perks"

Perquisites are special incidental payments, benefits, or privileges given to individuals over and above their regular rewards. Often awarded to senior-level positions, "perks" may extend to furnished housing, luxury transportation, and membership in exclusive clubs. Social security and unemployment will vary by country but not by organizations within the same country. Termination payments will vary by country and may not be at the sole discretion of the employer where unions are in place.

3 ways JR creates ethical org

Personal Integrity - lead by example Professional Integrity - committed to ethics in work - they understand ethical risks in their industries Ethical Agent - Communicate ethics proactively, allow reporting of concerns, ensure polices/processes are compliant

A HR business partner receives an e-mail from the director of finance, asking for tax documents for an employee who needs the forms promptly to obtain a mortgage. The business partner has never communicated with the director before, but the department policy is to respond promptly to internal customers. What should the business partner do?

Phone the individual's office and offer assistance. This is a possible case of a spear-phishing attack, in which a cyber intruder asks for information or asks the recipient to click a link to a document or website. Any unusual request from an atypical sender should trigger suspicions and a cautious response. The safest course is to phone the extension number in the organization's directory and confirm the e-mail request. If it was a phishing attack, it should then be reported to the IT system manager.

"Beer Game" created by MIT.

Players represent a brewery, a wholesaler, a distributor, and a retailer. There are four-week delays between: When the retailer orders beer from the distributor and when it is received. When the distributor orders beer from the wholesaler and when it is received. When the wholesaler orders beer from the brewery and when it is received. The brewery takes two weeks to brew the beer. A short-term demand spike is simulated, which triggers response actions from the players. As the short-term demand empties shelves at the retailer, the retailer typically submits repeated, larger orders to the distributor. This action triggers a similar response between the distributor and the wholesaler and between the wholesaler and the brewery. However, due to the lag in processing and delivery time throughout the chain, by the time the brewery has created and shipped the orders that it has received and those orders have made it through the chain to the retailer, demand has fallen back off, and everyone—brewery, wholesaler, distributor, and retailer—now has far more product on hand than they really need. Each player in the game has acted in a way that they considered logical given the information they had, yet, because they did not consider what their actions would do within the larger system, each ends up in a less-than-ideal situation

Benefits of Global Mindset

Prepares you to complete due dilligence, ask qs, repp and support org. Allows for - more compliant approach to policies and cultureally senstive practices smoother coordination across borders - faster rollout of products - more efficient sharin gbest practices across teams - lower failure rate of ee international assignments Makrs org: - mroe proactive with benchmarking and learning outside of home coutnry - more alert to entry of foreign competitors into its local market - more open to concept/fact of diversity within org

When an organization has a strong corporate social responsibility (CSR) orientation, which is it likely to see as a primary outcome?

Proactive and ongoing interaction with all stakeholders A CSR-oriented organization's primary responsibility should be to its stakeholders rather than to its shareholders.

Which activity most effectively conveys HR's value as a strategic business partner?

Providing stakeholders with information about HR's impact on other segments of the business operations aligns HR's efforts with the company's business strategy

Consultation

Relies on other competencies: Relationshp management Critical eval business accumen Personal characteristics Professional skills, communication Diagnostic and design and org effective dev projects expertise in interventions, Overall, ID probelms, develop solutions, win support then implement

Which is a challenge when following a best-of-breed (BOB) HRIS purchasing strategy?

Working with multiple vendors Organizations that implement a best-of-breed (BOB) strategy pick the best applications for each HR functional area, working with one or more vendors. For example, the organization might use a recruiting solution from one vendor and a payroll system from another.

What is secondary risk?

Secondary risk refers to risks that are created by the risk management strategy itself. Before they are implemented, strategies must be analyzed to determine if they present secondary risks.

What is likely to be of the most concern to the chief information officer or IT director?

Security

Transparency

Supports trust in relationships, disclose details to those who have a vested interest, provides assurance when behavior cannot be witnessed

What is the first phase of risk management?

Surveys, interviews, and focus groups are methods used to identify risks. The organization must first identify the risks so that they can be analyzed, evaluated, and then managed.

Mistakes to avoid in strategic planning

Taking shortcuts Little follow through overreliance on the comfortable and familiar insufficient commitment from mgmt insufficient invovlement of the rest fo the org inadequate communication

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) applies to all employers, excluding the federal government, with at least how many employees

The ADA applies to employers with 15 or more employees. It protects qualified individuals with disabilities from unlawful discrimination in the workplace, including access to training and career development. The ADA does not cover the federal government when it acts as an employer.

Many employees in the manufacturing department will be retiring in the next six months. The department supervisor asks the HR manager to identify ways to capture the employees' knowledge. In order to address this request, what should the HR manager identify first?

The HR director needs to know what knowledge will be lost before it can be captured. The other three answer choices are ways to retain and maintain the employees' knowledge once it has been identified.

Which government body requires organizations to electronically submit illness and injury data?

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has revised its requirements to require certain employers to electronically submit injury and illness data for posting on the agency's website.

Point Factor Method (Job Eval)

The correct answer is the most distinguishable feature of the point-factor method; it is the most systematic and analytical method and it includes documentation of the process. Other job evaluation methods do not have this. Provides documentation and an audit trail

Which factor is most important to consider when an organization is seeking to globalize its leadership development program?

The culture in each country as it affects how leaders emerge The culture of each country impacts the adoption of the program. Examining the organization's internal culture is not enough; it is important to also consider global leadership concepts. Leadership development programs should be accessible to all, not just those who have the potential to assume leadership roles. Executive buy-in at each location is incorrect because changes may have to be made to accommodate local norms.

A company with 100 employees has a remote full-time employee who lives across the country and is about to give birth. What is she entitled to under the FMLA?

The employee is not entitled to any leave because she does not work within 75 miles of a location that has 50 or more employees. The FMLA provisions do not extend to her.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act

The employer has a fiduciary responsibility to invest the pension fund as any prudent person would. The employer must follow the prudent person rule with respect to its handling, investment, and management of the plan's assets. The employer cannot take more risks than a reasonably knowledgeable, prudent investor would under similar circumstances. Conflicts of interest do not always have to be disclosed. Investment advisors are not required to be registered investment brokers. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation does not insure retirement plans that do not promise specific benefit amounts.

Which is the most desired outcome of an HR audit?

The most desired outcome of an audit would be a clear sense of where performance could be improved and an action plan for implementing these improvement

Which part of the organization is responsible for assembling products?

The operations part of the enterprise makes the products that the sales force sells or provides the organization's services to outside customers.

Behavorial Interview

The premise of behavioral interviews is that past behavior is the best predictor of future performance. Stress interviews, group interviews, and panel interviews don't focus on past or predictive behaviors. Which interview method should the HR manager use to understand the candidates' customer service experience and predict their future performance?

What are the 4Ps of marketing?

The responsibility of marketing is often described as managing the 4 Ps: price (how much to charge), product (what to offer), promotion (how to reach potential customers), and place (where or how to sell). Marketing strategies are often characterized as "push" or "pull."

calculating the retention rate

The retention rate is calculated as(Employed employees for the entire measurement period/Number of employees at the start of the period) x 100. It tracks the retention of those working on day one of the measurement period. The other equations include other factors not needed for the review period.

Which activity is considered an HR strategic responsibility?

The three major areas of HR's involvement in strategy are participating in creating the organizational strategy, aligning HR's functional strategy with the organizational strategy, and then supporting other functions as they work to fulfill their own strategic goals. HR must act as a business partner for all other functions.

"Make Change Possible" via MicKinsey & Co: Shared purpose

they must beleive in the overall purpose of and reason for change - communicate how its necessary for strategic goals

How are local cluster developments used in corporate social responsibility?

To create shared value Porter and Kramer argue that the success of most organizations is dependent on a cluster of other organizations (related businesses, suppliers, schools) and infrastructure (roads, communication networks, water and energy supply). Shared value results when organizations build and enhance the local cluster and improve the conditions of those operating in it, benefiting the organization and its community.

primary purpose of a safety self-audit?

To ensure employee compliance with the organization's safety programs A safety self-audit is conducted by an employer to assure the organization that employees are following safety-related policies and procedures. Workers' compensation premiums are most directly affected by an organization's rate of injuries. Being prepared to handle an emergency is a good practice, but it is more related to procedures and training than to an audit. An audit can only capture evidence of compliance or noncompliance. Compliance alone, especially if policies and training are faulty, will not eliminate unsafe acts.

The HR director of a hotel learns that union employees in the housekeeping department are planning a strike for the following week. Which strategy might the HR director recommend to the hotel management team in anticipation of the labor action?

Train managers on housekeeping duties so they can perform the work in the housekeepers' absence. Training managers on housekeeping duties is within an employer's rights during a strike. Offering incentive bonuses would be considered coercion, which is an unfair labor practice. Recruiting for new housekeepers suggests that the employer plans to take adverse action against those who strike. Employers may not advise employees that they will decline to collectively bargain if employees stike; employers are instead required to bargain in good faith.

How can HR help prevent its organization from committing an unfair labor practice?

Training management on allowed speech may help to prevent a manager or supervisor from interfering with legal union activity.

Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), individuals who are notified of adverse action being taken against them by an organization due to a credit report are entitled to present information within "a reasonable period of time" that disputes the information contained in the report. If they are able to prove that the organization did not comply with the FRCA, they may sue for financial rewards and damages, but they are not automatically entitled to compensation. Employees or potential employees are not automatically allowed the right to argue their case before a mediator, and they cannot bar the organization from using the report, which had to be authorized by the individual before being conducted.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)

Under the PPACA, employers are required to provide plan participants and beneficiaries with a summary of benefits and coverage prior to enrollment or reenrollment. The requirement to provide notices of material changes is 60 days in advance of the effective date of change, and the requirement for coverage of adult dependents is 26 years of age. Establishing limits on essential health benefits is prohibited.

Kurt Lewin Model of Change

Unfreeze the current state, Move toward the new state and then Refreeze the new state.

Technological forces have had which critical effect on today's corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices?

Using analytical capabilities has made CSR impacts more demonstrable. Data mining and analytics capabilities have made CSR factors more readily measurable and their impacts more demonstrable and understandable. That in turn has increased accountability, helped shape regulatory requirements, and, where measurable performance results are positive, given organizations a powerful strategic tool.

HR Administrative Role

Using technology to reduce transactional time is an example of HR's administrative role.

Vulnerability - Risk Management

Vulnerability refers to the Vulnerability refers to the degree of probability that a loss will occur. Impact is the possible effect on the organization, and tolerance is the amount of risk the organization can handle if an event occurs. Mitigation planning occurs after analysis of probability, risk, and speed of onset.

IPO (Input Process Output) Model

those who plan and implement strategy often use an input-process-output (IPO) input - everything to consider process = method output = desired strategic effect

During the hiring process, at which point does an employer have the opportunity to initially engage the individual?

When exploring the company's careers page According to the "Employee Experience Survey," up to 82% of job prospects rely on company websites as a primary means for learning about a company. However, almost 40% of those prospects feel that the information isn't valuable. The company's careers page and all public-facing job listings should be current, informative, and meaningful.

gross margin/profitability ratio

total sales after cost of producting good and services sold total sales - cost of good sold (COGS)/total sales

Value drivers

actions, processes, or results that are needed to deliver a desired value.

Differentiation

aim for being able to charge a higher price by offering something different or by offering the same thing in a different way from competitors in their industry or market—or by creating the perception that a product is different through superior marketing

stategic fit

as the consonance or compatibility of an organization's strategy with its external and internal environments, especially with regard to the goals and values it chooses and the resources and capabilities that can be deployed toward strategic goals. how to create strategic postition, competitive edge where it will compete in market/industry - corp strategy

Accounts receivable

as-yet unpaid invoices, the money an orgs customers owe the org - doubtful accounts are long overdue, uncollectible, and deducted from accounts receivable

Assets

assests = liabilitie + equity or equity = assets - liability - what an org owns - tanglible or intangible, tlike copyrigh or patent - finance does not count human capital as asset though - also includes investments the company has made and what is owed to the org

Conflicts of Interest

benefit from undue influence due to involvment in outside activities that conflict with employment - personal conflict to work or org to org conflicts like government to company

"Blue ocean" strategies

conventional "red ocean" strategies, businesses compete in an existing marketplace. They win by taking share from their competitors, usually through differentiation or lower cost. In contrast, enterprises pursuing a blue ocean strategy create a completely new arena, often within an existing industry. The originators of the term, W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, describe blue oceans as "the unknown market space, untainted by competition."

Employee attitude survey

employees perceptions of topics of company culture, company image, quality of management, and effectiveness of compensation and benefits programs

How should an organization's value proposition be effectively communicated using deliberate messages about the organization to describe working conditions, culture, and the emotional connection employees have with the organization?

employment brand - creates an image that makes people want to work for stay work for the organization

equity

equity is combined with liablities bc companies owe it to owner or shareholdesr - its what is left of a companys assets aftr liabilities are discharged

Bribery

exchange to gain greater influecne or preference - particularly challenging for global orgs. Key laws dealing with bribery: - US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 - UK Bribery Act 2010 (strictest)

major enemies to presence when communicating

falseness and nervousness false from lying OR assuming a manner so distant from your own that it interferes with your ability tocnnect directly with audience nervousness - some is ok, but prolonged will make audience skeptical and uncomfortable

Porters 5: Rivalry Among Existing Competitors

may lead to price cutting wars and product or service design aimed at locking customers in

Earnings before interest and taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) / profitability ratio

measure of management performance EBITDA/total sales

PESTLE analysis

political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental broader and more long-range perspective than they may ordinarily use restrict their horizons and the directions they scan, or the organization will drown in data 1) Assemble a list of possible events or trends 2)Identify the potential impacts on the organization. 3)Research the impacts more thoroughly to understand 4)Assess the importance of the possible impacts

six sigma

quality control - Six Sigma is a strategy that identifies and removes the causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and business processes. Other business problems that can be solved by using Six Sigma include too much variation, challenging root cause identifications, numerous technical considerations, and other complex issues. Lean Six Sigma is a strategy that eliminates waste and improves process flows. The Six Sigma approach to project management is focused on measuring the return of value that allows empirical analysis to inform decision making. Limited resources assigned to overlapping tasks is more associated with the critical chain project management approach, as resources are not increased to meet deadlines. The critical chain approach best accounts for dependencies when there are limited resources. Carefully allocating and monitoring resources is a characteristic of any approach that is taken to project management. There is no specific emphasis on this important aspect of project management in the Six Sigma approach. Having several versions of the deliverable is associated with the agile approach to project management. Iterations are continuously improved.

ISO 26000

quality standard that provides guidance on key themes of social responsibility - provides definitions, principles, practices

Likert Scale

ratings from 1 - 5 points

dilemma reconciliation 4 steps

recognize respect reconcile realize/implement

progressive change

slow as more info is added, change becomes uniform

Which recruitment method would best support an organization's attempts to attract Generation Y applicants?

social media would be well-suited to communicate with Generation Y candidates.

mission statement

specifies what activities the organization intends to pursue and what course management has charted for the future—a concise statement of the organization's strategy. communicates a sense of purpose. priorities.

regression analysis

statistical method to determine if relationship exists between bariables and strength - scattergram - shape of scattergram data shows correlation or not - positive or negative, and how strong or weak the correlation is helps show most significant indicators of success - looks at multiple variables

Value Chain Members

stems from - Michael Porter (Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance) - BPR - Business process reengineering by Michael Hammer 1990s Primary activities contribute directly to the value created - value created by these primary activities depends on secondary services like admin or HR

SWOT

strengths and weakeness refer to internal, while opp and threat refer to external strength and opps can be leveraged, weaks and threats are problems that must be solved and are hard to control Information gathered from environmental scanning can be used to complete a SWOT analysis INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL Strengths and weaknesses refer to the internal environment Opportunities and threats are EXTERNAL

"Make Change Possible" via MicKinsey & Co: reinforcement systems

structure, processes and encouragement, measurement, comms, must be present and congruent w change

Qualitative data

subjective eval of actions, feelings or behaviors

Op side of HR Budget

talent acq training and dev comp and ben ER and labor relations health saftey securty info tech planning philanthropy variable and affected by strategies

Group decision making tool: Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)

team determines characteristics of success - uses matrix to score each option

"Pivotal Talent Pools" via Boudreau and Ramstad, Talenship and the New Paradigm for HRM

the key value that HR Contributes to that value chain is the quality and availability of these - those employees whose skills are critical to the organization's strategy

descriptive statistics

the process of sorting data in dif ways to provide a more accurate and in-depth understanding of what the data is showing

incremental budgeting

use previous year as a starting point, may increase or decrease, but doesn't account for changes in business circumstances - however it's quick. - traditional, line-item budgeting - set percentage

vision statement

vivid, guiding image of the organization's desired future—the future it hopes to attain through its strategy. - inspire, motivate, aspirational

market-based job evaluation

when an org is positioning against its comp philosophy The market-based approach is common due to its simplicity, as it looks at external data to form the basis for market pricing. The organization uses job descriptions to compare jobs to like positions in the external marketplace. Pay data is collected from published sources, and the value of the position in the competitive market is determined. Positioning pay against the organization's compensation philsophy allows an understanding of whether the pay program achieves the basic objectives of the compensation philosophy. It also allows for a better understanding of internal equity.

weighted mean/average

when some data have more significance or effect than other data - or there are significantly outliers in the data use weighting factor - i.e. employee / total employees = .46 (5/11) - then mutiply the salary times .46 = 32,200 ... weighted mean salary adds all those salaries up together could use by HR if some job requirements are more important than others - weight those skills heavier