Sigmund Freud
Neurosis
A term generally used to describe a nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs functioning
Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency stage, Genital stage
Psychosexual stages in order (Freud)
Anxiety
Unpleasant state of worrying of forthcoming danger
Cocaine and cigar abuse
What caused Sigmund Freud's unnatural death?
To maintain a healthy ego
What is the purpose of defense mechanism?
Autoeroticism
arousal of sexual feeling without an external stimulus
Collective Unconscious
Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history
Deterministic Pessimistic Causal Unconscious Biologically influenced Uniqueness/Similarity middle ground
Concept of humanity Freud Psychoanalysis
Denial
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
Thanatos
Death
narcissism
excessive love of one's body or oneself
Unconcious
According to freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes or wants. now known as information process of which we are unaware
Inferiority Complex
Adler's theory of the feelings of inadequacy or inferiority in young children that influence their developing personalities and create desires to overcome
Oral Stage
Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center.
Latency Stage
Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development where sexuality is repressed in unconscious and children focus on identifying with same sex parent and interact with same sex peers
Genital Stage
Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence)
Anal Stage
Freud's second stage of psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world.
Freudian Slip
Freud's term for a seemingly meaningless slip of the tongue that reveals an unconscious thought
Psychoanalysis
Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
Phallic Stage
Freud's third stage of personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals
To understand behavior, psychotherapy uncovers the unconscious and make it conscious
Goal of Psychotherapy
By extreme use of only one mechanism like water dam analogy.
How can defense mechanism backfire?
They have to make their super ego strong through identification with parents/care givers.
How to remove oedipus complex?
Josef Breuer
Physician who became Freud's close friend and coauthored Studies on Hysteria. He was the first to use the "talking cure" while treating hysteria, which later evolved into Freud's technique of free association.
Archetype
a detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response
free association
a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Projective Test
a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
Thematic Apperception Test
a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Oedipus Complex
according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Fixation
according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
manifest content
according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream
latent content
according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
Perceptual Conscious System
acts as a medium for the perception of external stimuli
Karen Horney
agreed with Freud but believed that childhood social, not sexual, tentions are crucial for personality formation. childhood anxiety, caused by the dependent child's sense of helplessness, triggers our desire for love and security
Counter-transference
an emotional reaction of the therapist that reflects the therapist's inner needs and conflicts
Personality
an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Erik Erikson
Neo-Freudian, humanistic; Contributions: created an 8-stage theory to show how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
Alfred Adler
Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order
Realistic anxiety (covid,kidnapping,crime)
Non specific feeling of possible and realistic possibility (identifiable danger in real world)
Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim)
Often cited as the first psychoanalytic patient, she suffered from hysteria and was give hypnosis treatment which influenced Freud's psychoanalysis
Electra Complex
conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals
Id
contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
Rationalization
defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions
Projection
disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Masochism
gratification derived from being hurt or abused
Free Association
in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
Repression
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
Defense Mechanisms
in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
oral-receptive phase
infants feel no ambivalence toward the pleasurable object and their needs are usually satisfied with a minimum of frustration and anxiety
Sublimation
modifying the natural expression of an impulse or instinct (especially a sexual one) to one that is socially acceptable
Hysteria
neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor functions
positive transference
occurs when a client transfers feelings of intense affection, dependency or love to the analyst based on past relationships
Negative transference
patient redirects toward the therapist unconscious feelings of anger and hostility retained from experiences with authority figures
Internalization
process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality, thereby conditioning the individual to conform to society's expectations
Libido
psychic and emotional energy or urges behind human activity; sexual desire
Projection
psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Reaction Formation
psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings
Regression
psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
Displacement
psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet
Neo Freudian
refers to theorists who broke with Freud but whose theories retain a psychodynamic aspect, especially a focus on motivation as the source of energy for personality
Psychosexual Stages
the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
Ego
the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
Rorschach Inkblot Test
the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
Persona
the outward character or role that a person assumes
Superego
the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations
Transference
the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
Identification
the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
Catharsis
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.
Sadism
the tendency to derive pleasure, especially sexual gratification, from inflicting pain, suffering, or humiliation on others.
Dream analysis (Freud)
transforming the manifest content of dreams into latent content
Men
Straightforward nature according to freud
Eros
Love
Sigmund Freud
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis
Moral anxiety (guilt)
Conscience breakdown because of conflict between ego and superego
Repression
Defense mechanism by which anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings are forced to the unconscious.
Reaction formation
Defense mechanism by which people behave in a way opposite to what their true but anxiety-provoking feelings would dictate.
Women
Enigma and mysterious according to freud
oral sadistic phase
Infants responds to others through biting, closing mouth, smiling, and crying
Shadow
Jung's name for teh architype of the dark, morally repugnant side of human nature
Animus
Jung; male archetype as expressed in a woman; feminine side of man; originates in the collective unconscious; comes from men's experiences with women which combine into the concept of women; shows as an image of feelings/mood
The role of ego is to reduce it by employing defense mechanisms
Role of ego in sexual drive, aggressive drive and anxiety
Sublimation
Satisfying an unacceptable impulse to a socially acceptable way
Maturity
Stage attained if a person passed through the developmental periods in an ideal manner according to freud.
Intellectualization
a coping mechanism in which the person analyzes a situation from an emotionally detached viewpoint
Carl Jung
Student of Freud. Broke over Freud's emphasis of sexuality. Believed all people had a collective unconscious of the past generations, but the connection faded due to modernization
Dynamics of personality (Freud)
Umbrella term for all process,mechanism and changes in personality according to freud.
Resistance
Unconscious responses used by patients to block their own progress in therapy
They may develop orderliness
What happens if children are forced to control their bowel movement?
They become aggressive due to frustration of toilet training
What happens to infant in early anal period?
They find pleasure and interested with their feces.
What happens to infant in late anal period?
Compensation
a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
