Skeletal & muscular

Sutural bones are

(also known as Wormian bones) - are small extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones

What is the function of hyaline cartilage

* Connects the ribs to the sternum * Covers the ends of many bones where they form joints

What is fibrocartilage

* Its highly compressible * forms intervertebral discs and * symphysis

What are the 2 mains tissues in the skeletal system

* Osseous tissue * Cartilage

what are the 3 main cell types of bone

* Osteocytes * Osteoclasts * Osteoblasts

What is the function of the bones

* Support * Protection * Assist body movement * Store minerals * Store fats * Blood cell formation (Hematopoiesis)

Flat bones are

* Thin, flattened * curved with 2 thick layers of compact bone * surrounds a layer of spongy bone e.g sternum

What is the matrix composed of

* chondroitin sulfate and various fibres * chondroblasts - makes cartilage * chondrocytes - cartilage that doesn't divide

Short bones are

* generally cube-shaped * made of spongy bone e.g carpal of wris

Long bones are

* typically longer than they are wide e.g. humorous * have a shaft of bone at both ends * made mostly of dense bone

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.

What are menisci?

B. semilunar cartilage pads

A deep pit or socket such as those which contain the teeth is a/an

Alveolus

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints:

Articular cartilage

What are the 2 subdivisions of the skeleton

Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

What is Hematopoiesis?

Blood cell formation

What does the Central Canal carry

Blood vessels and nerves

What is Osteogenisis or Osiffication?

Bone formation and the process of new bone

Irregular bone ares

Bones that don't fit any other bone category e.g vertebrae

What is the anatomy of the skeletal system

Bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments

what are the small channels filled with extracellular fluid, connecting the lacunae, called?

Canalaculi

What is osseous tissue

Compact bone

What are the 2 types of bone tissue

Compact bone Spongy bone

What sort of tissue type is Bone

Connective tissue

What does the Canalaculi do

Connects all bone cells to a nutrient supply

What is Articular Cartilage

Covers the articulating surfaces of the epiphysis

what are other important tissues in the skeletal system

Dense connective tissue

Which of the following bones is not weight bearing?

Fibular

Which of these bones is a cranial bone?

Frontal bone

List the 4 stages of bone formation

Haematoma forms Fibrocartilage callus forms Bony callus forms Bone formation occurs

what is the most abundant cartilage in the skeletal system

Hyaline cartilage

what are the different types of cartilage tissues

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

The Periostieum is the

Is outside the dense connective tissue covering the diaphysis and contains osteoblasts

What is the Endosteum

It is the lining inside the Medullary cavity

The foramen magnum is found in the

Occipital bone

What is the Endosteum made up of

Osteoclast, Osteoblasts and Connective tissue

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner layer of the periosteum consists primarily of ________.

Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts

What does Spongy Bone lack

Osteons

what do compact bones contain

Osteons or haversian systems

What is the Periostieum prone to?

Prone to tearing or tension

Seasamoid bones are

Protect tendons from excessive wear eg patella

What is the Epiphyseal line

Remnant of the Epiphyseal plate present in adult bones

What secures the Periostieum to underlying bone

Sharpey's fibres

What is cartilage made of

Strong flexible connective tissue

The shaft for a long bone is called

The Diaphysis and made of compact bone

The 2 ends of a long bone are called

The Epiphysis and made of spongy bone

What is the cavity inside the shaft under the marrow

The Medullary cavity

What are the arteries and veins that supply the Periostieum & compact bone

The Periosteal arteries and veins

Which of the following is an example of a bone that forms from fibrous membranes:

The parietal bone

What is the thin lattice layer of Lamelle called

Trabeculae

The glenoid cavity is

a depression for articulation with the head of the humerus

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

amphiarthroses

The articulation that most closely resembles a hinge in the body involves which bones?

humerus-ulna

where are Osteocytes housed

between spaces of the lamellae, called lacunae

what does the volkmans canal carry

blood vessels and nerves

What is the function of Osteoclasts

breakdown bone

When blood calcium levels rise above normal, osteoclast activity is inhibited by the hormone

calcitonin

Which of the following provide a pathway for the diffusion of nutrients within compact bone?

canaliculi

Which forms the largest portion of the coxal bone?

ilium

where does hematopoiesis occur

in red blood bone marrow

Which of the following are found in the epiphyseal plate?

chondrocytes

A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a:

comminuted fracture

A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a:

compression fracture

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

increased osteoclast activity

The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?

ethmoid

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________.

facets for attachment of ribs Correct

An opening in a bone through which blood vessels and nerves pass is a

foramen

Monoaxial movement is associated with _____ joints.

hinge

Spinal nerves enter and leave the spinal cord through passages between the vertebrae called

intervertebral foramina

When you sit, the part of the hip that touches the seat of the chair is the

ischial tuberosity

What are the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live called?

lacunae

what is the function of Spongy bone

lightweight and provides tissue support

Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

lordosis

what is the function of Osteoblasts

make bone

What is the function of Osteocytes

mature bone cells and don't divide

Which bone forms part of the hard palate?

maxilla

Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal?

medial cuneiform

The bony prominence on the posterior surface of the elbow is the

olecranon process of the ulna

When there is too little calcium in blood, which cells begin resorption of bone to release calcium to the blood?

osteoclasts

Thoracic vertebrae may be distinguished from other vertebrae by the

presence of articulating facets on the transverse processes

What is the major function of the axial skeleton?

provide central support for the body and protect internal organs

What is the function of Compact bone

provides protect and support. Hard solid bone

The pelvic girdle does not include the ________.

sacrum

Which of the following groups of bones in the human body, categorized according to shape, is correct:

skull bones - flat bones

The optic foramen travels through the ___________________ bone.

sphenoid

Which bone is surrounded by and touches all of the other bones of the cranial floor?

sphenoid

The suture found between the parietal and temporal bone is the:

squamous suture

The manubrium is part of the

sternum

The factor(s) that determine where bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are):

stresses of gravity and muscle pull on the skeleton

what is the function of trabeculae

support and protect red bone marrow

Which bone of the foot articulates with both the tibia and the fibula?

talus

A compound fracture can be described as when:

the broken bone is exposed to the outside

Which of the following is correct of the female pelvis when comparing it with the male pelvis:

the distance between the female ischial spines is greater

What does the Elastic cartilage form

the pinna of the ears tip of the nose

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

the sacral promontory Incorrect

How are osteons formed?

they are formed from centric lamellae around a central canal

The radius is located on the ___________ side of the forearm.

thumb

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?

thyroid

The bony prominence on the anterior surface of the leg just below the knee joint is the

tibial tuberosity

Which structure on a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra?

tubercl