Skeletal vocab

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Hematopoiesis

production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones

open reduction

surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture

fracture hematoma

blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone

epiphyseal line

completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate

long bone

cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever

Endosteum

delicate membranous lining of a bone's medullary cavity

Compact bone

dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces

fracture(fx)

broken bone

Osteoclast

cell responsible for resorbing bone

epiphyseal plate

(also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length

Ossification

(also, osteogenesis) bone formation

Canaliculi

(singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte's many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients

Lacunae

(singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte

articular cartilage

Thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber.

irregular bones

bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces

osseous tissue

bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton

Osteoblast

cell responsible for forming new bone

ossification center

cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification

external callus

collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture

Hypercalcemia

condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium

Hypocalcemia

condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium

orthopedist

doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries

internal callus

fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone

Bone

hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton

medullary cavity

hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow

diploë

layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones

central canal

longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal

closed reduction

manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery

hole

opening or depression in a bone

endochondral ossification

process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

Modeling

process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another

Cartilage

semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement

nutrient foramen

small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment

flat bone

thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs

Diaphysis

tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone

Articulation

where two bone surfaces meet

Epiphysis

wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow


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