Skeletal vocab
Hematopoiesis
production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones
open reduction
surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture
fracture hematoma
blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone
epiphyseal line
completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate
long bone
cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever
Endosteum
delicate membranous lining of a bone's medullary cavity
Compact bone
dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces
fracture(fx)
broken bone
Osteoclast
cell responsible for resorbing bone
epiphyseal plate
(also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length
Ossification
(also, osteogenesis) bone formation
Canaliculi
(singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte's many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients
Lacunae
(singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber.
irregular bones
bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces
osseous tissue
bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
Osteoblast
cell responsible for forming new bone
ossification center
cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification
external callus
collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture
Hypercalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium
Hypocalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium
orthopedist
doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries
internal callus
fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone
Bone
hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton
medullary cavity
hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow
diploë
layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones
central canal
longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal
closed reduction
manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery
hole
opening or depression in a bone
endochondral ossification
process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
Modeling
process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another
Cartilage
semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement
nutrient foramen
small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment
flat bone
thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs
Diaphysis
tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone
Articulation
where two bone surfaces meet
Epiphysis
wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow